Vol. IV 



NEW ENGLAND FAliiVlEK- 



iU 



the Sixth Report- of the society we have named, an 

 iifteoting address made by a man condemned to 

 death tor murder, at Douay, in France. 



"This individual requested to speak in private 

 with M. Appcrt, when he thus addrcs.scd him ; "I 

 await," said he, "the hour of execution, and since 

 you are ihe tirst person, who has visited me, I will 

 address you witli confidence, and conceal from you 

 nothing. I am guilty of the dreadful crime, for 

 which I am to suffer ; but from my infancy my 

 parents neglected me. I had neither a moral ex- 

 ample, nor p. religious education. I was abandoned j 

 to the violence of my passions. I fell when young-, j 

 into bad company, by whom I was corrupted ; but 

 it was a prison that completed my ruin. Among 

 the persons now in this apartment are several boys 

 who with pain I observe, are preparing them- 

 selves for the farther commission of offences, when 

 the term of their confinement shall e.xpire. I en- 

 treat you to obtyin their removal into a separate 

 • ward, and snatch them from the contagion of such 

 associates. Believe me, Sir, — and I speak from 

 bitter experience — you can confer on those boys, 

 no sreater favor !"' 



ioiv,ivNiLH.\S GilI8T-MILL, IMPllOVED. 



It will be perceived at once, that on this princi- 

 ple, the greater the diameter of the Cylinder, the 

 longer the grind: consequently the Cylinder should 

 Crimes, as we have said already, and as the rec- : be large enough to make good meal without diifi- 

 ords of prisons show, have not increased in pro- culty. I, shall, therefore, adopt the size in this de- 

 portion to the increase of population ; nor have scription which I believe, from experiment, to be 

 they been of so flagrant a character. But juve- the most useful, compared with the expense ; es- 

 nile delinquency, in England and in this country, , pecially for a small power : indeed, it may answer 

 has increased in greater proportion. The fact is for any power, from one hand, to a four horse pow- 

 indisputabie. It is a serious inquiry, to what cause er, by increasing or lessening the speed in propor- 

 is this anomaly owing .' We answer, that if the i tion to the power, from 60 to 2 hundred times 

 history of the delinquents were examin.edjit would, I in a minute. For a greater power, a larn-er size 

 in all probability, be found owing to their want of j would be preferred; but never, perhaps, more than 

 education. The united voices of observers in Eu- j 18 inches diameter, by 22 long, for the Cylinder, 

 rope and this country confirm this position. In ' The frame may be made of oak, spruce, pitch, or 

 further support of it we adduce the fact, that the ' Norway pine; but the latter is best. The size of the 

 proportion of colored convjcts exceeds that of all timber in proportion to the draft, firm and strono-. 

 others every where ; and that in New York four i 'llie bottom sill should be wide enough to receive 

 years since, and it i.^ay be so still, there had not the box of the bedstone on the inside, and extend 

 been brought before a magistrate for a criminal far enough back to receive it, when drawn out to 

 oftence, a single individual, who had been at the pick. 



schools of mutual instruction. .This last fact speaks ■ The Cylinder A, in this description, is 16 inch- 

 volumes in praise of a system of education, which ! es in diameter, by 18 inches long ; cut perfectly 

 in point of economy, gratification to the pupils, true every way, with 4 shallow furrows diagonally 

 habits of order and diligence, exceeds any other, across, and cut perpendicular to the shaft, on the 

 We have no-hesitation in accounting for the great side that moves forward, and rounded off back, so 

 numbers of youthful delinquents in Boston, by the as not to drag out coarse meal, 

 circumstance that there are in the city so many The Bedstone B covers a quarter of the cylinder, 

 vagrant uneducated children. i and exactly corresponds with it, extending 8 inch- 



'•To permit a child to grow up untaught and es below, and 8 inches back of it ; and is enclosed 

 idle, is to expose him to a fearful chance of be- in a box made of 2 inch pine plank (except the 

 coming the tenant of a prison ; in proof of this we top which is a thin board) which is fastened to- 

 quote,''in addition to what we have already said, geUier by one iron rod across the box forward, and 

 the following passage from a cotemporary religi- two behind, so that it may be taken apart at pleas- 



ous magazine. 



" A part of Spitalfields is divided by Brick Lane. 

 On one side there are schools for the instruction 

 of twelve hundred children ; on the other side there 

 are no schools, or next to none. Now it happens, 

 very triumphantly for our argument, that whilst 

 from the side of Brick Lane without schools, they 

 had more young criminals than from any other part 

 of London ; from the other side, they have for a 

 long time had only one. Not at all inferior to this 

 fact in conclusiveness, is tke circumstance stated 

 so openly hy the ofliicers ofthe Natisjnal Institution, 

 that no boy educated in their schools has been con- 

 victed of any serious offence. The whole body of 

 evitence adduced before the House Of Commons, 

 tends directly to the same conclusion." 



ure. Shoes, made of hard wood, .3 or 4 inches 

 wide, are put on each side ofthe bottom, in order 

 that it may slide easily on the frame. The box 

 should be as long as the frame will admit, that 

 i; may move up to the cylinder perfectly true. — 

 The box, between the back end and stone, may be 

 filled up solid with plank. Circular plates of cast- 

 iron, 3 inches wide, are let into the sides of the 

 box, at each- end ofthe cylinder, IJ inches below; 

 and IJ inches above the face ofthe bedstone. 



The Cracker C is only 8 inches deep, and is 

 boxed up similar to the bedstone : the bottom is 

 of hard wood, 1 J inch thick, the ends extending 

 far enough on each side to rest on the frame ; this 

 slides through a groove cut in the posts, and rests 

 on the sides of the frame. There should be a 

 space of about 1^ inches between the top and bot- 

 tom stones. The sides of the cracker extend 3 or 



4 inches forward of the stone, in order to receive 

 the board D, which nearly touches the cylinder, 

 and forms a conductor for grain, that it may not 

 fly off. 



The Feeding Shoe K, should be wide enough to 

 feed within about S of an inch ofthe ends of the 

 cylinder, and is fluted on the bottom, that the feed 

 may be uniform, which is very important. 



The Bedstone is furrowed by cutting small sharp 

 threads with a sharp chissel, diagonally across, 

 and also contrary, about ]^- inches apart, so that 

 the face of the stone is left in diamonds. 



The Cracker is cut similar to the Bedstone, only 

 sharper and deeper ; in other respects they are 

 both cut like common mills, and should be picked 

 the same when needed. • v 



Like all other nice machines, some attention 

 ana mecnatlicalTshill ia necessary, thai tiiis machine 

 may be well made and properly regulated in or- 

 der that it may grind well, and to the best advan- 

 tage ; as very much depends on making and i-egu- 

 lating. The stones should be so nicely made as 

 to make good meal without ever coming in con- 

 tact; in this case they cannot wear like other 

 mills, and they will keep themselves round and 

 true in using. 



The principal advantages of this mill over others 

 are, cheapness, saving of power, saving of room, 

 and not lieating the meal ;*as the actual cost of 

 one of this size v/ill not exceed $7.5 ; the power 

 to grind a given quantity, but about one third of 

 common mills ; and also of being applied to any 

 indefinite power according to the feed and veloci- 

 ty as before stated. 



In recommending this Mill to the Public, we do 

 not wish to derogate from any useful invention or 

 improvement for meal or flour^ making, for they 

 are much wanted ; but at the same time, we can- 

 not forbear saying what has been long known, 

 that no substance whatever can make good meal 

 or flour, but Stone. Cast-iron may answer a good 

 purpose, where stone cannot be easily obtained ; 

 but the difliculty in making good meal, and sharp- 

 ening when dull, will ever be an insuperable ob- 

 jection to them except, perhaps, for hand power; 

 and whether Hand Mills will be likely to come 

 into common use, in this enterprizing country, we 

 shall leave to others to judge. If hand labour is 

 not the very thing which w« most wish to get rid 

 of, we are certainly mistaken ; most of our inven- 

 tions, go very strongly to confirm this conclusion. 



As it may be of some consequence to the Public 



