1S39] 



FARMERS' REGISTER 



76 



hundred and eighty pounds of refined beet-sujrar 

 would cost ^11, or 6 y'^ cents per pound, for which 

 we now pay, at the lowest rate, 16 cents. 



Mr. Norbert Rilliex, of New Orleans, has re- 

 cently invented an apparatus for reducing saccha- 

 rine liquids, which has been patented in the Uni- 

 ted States, and is already tested. 



This apparatus surpasses Howard's and Roth's, 

 or any other invention of this description, not only 

 in simplicity and cheapness, but also in the ar- 

 rangement in the boiling of sugar, according with 

 the laws of science and economy. 



The liquor is reduced by two vertical cylinders, 

 heated by steam, over which the syrup is distri- 

 buted in small quantities. One of the cylinders 

 operates under a vacuum, and entirely evaporates 

 the condensed liquor by a low degree of heat, to 

 hinder the formation of molasses — an improve- 

 ment of the highest importance, which, till now, 

 has never been accomplished. The syrup can be 

 reduced to any degree of the saccharometer de- 

 sired, which is performed by the most ingenious 

 and simple contrivance of a difti^rential thermome- 

 ler. This apparatus will greatly facilitate the ma- 

 nufacture of sugar, in regard to the economy of 

 labor, fuel, and time, and the perfection of the 

 product. This apparatus will rank among the 

 most ingenious and important inventions. 



The production of indigenous sugar in France 

 was one of the main pillars of NapoleoiVs conti- 

 nental system; and the successful extraction of 

 sugar from the beet was relied on as the surest 

 guaranty of its stability. 



That branch of productive industry, therefore, 

 which the first statesman and captain of the age, 

 regarded alike as the means of conquest, and the 

 source of wealth and independence, cannot be 

 considered a matter of inditierence to the govern- 

 ment of this great and growing republic, whose 

 duty and privilege it is to watch over the interest 

 and welfare of its citizens — a goverment aspiring 

 to no conquest, yet whose enviable distinction it 

 is to be regarded as the last hope of freedom — the 

 last asylum of liberty. 



The information imparted in the preceding 

 pages, collected as it is from the most authentic 

 sources, it is hoped will be regarded as of the 

 highest importance to any and every government, 

 charged with the duty of promoting the great in- 

 terests of a nation. 



Having traced the history and progress of the 

 manufacture of the beet-sugar, from its first dis- 

 covery in Europe to the present time, through all 

 its varied experiments and decreasing expenses, 

 until no longer requiring the bounty of govern- 

 ment, but yielding a revenue, the only remaining 

 inquiry is, how shall the American people avail 

 themselves of the important advantages of this 

 new source of national wealth and industry? 



To acquire a correct and minute knowledge of 

 this new branch of industry, (now practically un- 

 knovvn in this country,) it is necessary to visit 

 Hungary, Germany, France, and England, in or- 

 der to examine all the recent and important dis- 

 coveries and improvements relating to the manu- 

 facture of beet-sugar. To accomplTsh this object, 

 it would require the following qualifications : 



1. A thorough knowledge of the old method of 

 extracting sugar from the beet, and every appara- 

 tus hitherto used. 



2. A thorough knowledge of agriculture, in or- 



der to ascertain the precise cost of the production 

 of the raw material, the influence which it has on 

 the different systems of agriculture, and the econo- 

 my in regard ;o the feeding of cattle, &c. 



3. A knowledge of chemistry and physics. 



4. A knowledge of the languages of the differ- 

 ent countries to be visited, and a thorough ac- 

 quaintance with technical and vulgar terms in me- 

 chanics and agriculture, as well as the patois of 

 the countries. 



5. A knowledge of mechanics and the art of 

 drawing, in order to be able to delineate any ap- 

 paratus at first sight, and at a glance, as manu- 

 iacturers are not always willing to have their appa- 

 ratus examined minutely. 



Chari.es Lewis Ft^etschmann, 

 Graduate of the Royal Agricultural Institute 

 ofJJavaria. 



Patent Office, 



Washington, December 27, 1838. 



Patent Office, 

 December 28, 1838. 



Sir — At the request of the author of the accom- 

 panying memorial, I have the honor to submit the 

 same to your care, for such disposition as you 

 shall deem best calculated to promote the wishes 

 of jVlr. Fleischmann, and the interests of the 

 country. 



Allow mc to state that Mr. Fleischmann is a 

 gentleman of varied practical and scientific infor- 

 mation, and has been for the last two years a re- 

 sident of this city, and employed by me in the Pa- 

 tent Office. He is a native of Bavaria, and was 

 educated is the royal agricultural and polytechni- 

 cal school at Schleissheim, near Munich, at which 

 he graduated with distinguished honor, and was 

 appointed Inspector of the Public Domain — an of- 

 fice of great responsibility, and rarely conferred 

 but on men of advanced age; he was also direc- 

 tor of the estates of Count Seinsheim, comprising 

 twenty-four villages. Emigrating to this country 

 with much experimental knowledge, and we'll 

 versed in the French and German languages, ho 

 has, at my suggestion, draughted this memorial, 

 which I believe cannot fail to be read with deep 

 interest, comprising as it does, the most important 

 and latest discoveries in the manufacture of beet- 

 sugar, drawn from publications recently received 

 at this office from Europe. 



Should the government desire the services of an 

 agent to investigate this subject by visiting the 

 manufactories of Europe, I would respectfully re- 

 commend the author of this memorial. 

 With the highest respect, 



1 remain your obedient servant, 



Henry L. Ellsworth. 



Hon. Mr. Linn, U. S. Senate. 



Frciti thfi Edinburgh Philosophical Journal. 



DISCOVERY OF EARTH IN LARGE QUANTITY 

 FORMED OF THE REMAINS OF ANIMAL- 

 CULES. 



On the 8th January, 1838, Professor Hausmann 

 communicated to the Royal Society of Sciences of 

 Gotfingen, a preliminary notice, on a discovery con- 

 nected with our own coimtry, which is undoubtedly 



