Cljc iTanncv's iHontl)hj llisitor. 



43 



«lrive out tlie L'inss. Wliero ll:e vines could not 

 be easily olitaiiied, a lew loils s(]Mnre of lioji^y 

 tnoist land should lie |iri'|ian'd, and tlie craidierrv 

 Beeds sown ihicU n|ioM il, Uept Iree of weeds, and 

 tlie roots al'terwaidfe may be tiuiisj.lunted lu llie 

 nifindow, 



Tlie oraidieny ciop is hecoining one of pient 

 inipoitanee, and we sliould be gliid for inloiina- 

 tion on tlie subject lioiii iliose wlio liuve iJiacli- 

 cal expuiienoe. 



For the Farniers Monthly Visitor. 

 "Brown" Corn. 



To THE Editou: — It is a general complaint 

 anioiif; liirniers, that tlieir corn degenerates and 

 grows later. 'I'lie same Mud oC see<i that once 

 was i'orwiiril and Honld ripi'ii early, having hard- 

 ly lime in tlie bust coni seasons to ripen. 'I'he 

 reason 1 think is olnions. It is an injudicious 

 practice in selecting seed. Farmers in general 

 select llie largest ears, that grow on the largest 

 slallis, and Ihat have the most rows on the ear. 

 Selecting seed in this way will uialie llie slulk 

 grow larger and of course laler. 



The olijecl for which 1 have written this article 

 is to give directions how to select seed corn.^ 

 The liest evidence that ] can yive of my skill in 

 selecling seed corn, is lliat I have plaiiUd the 

 same kind of seed lor tueiily-eight years and 

 have increased llie size of the kernel one half, 

 without increasing the size of the cob and ils 

 gro'.vih has not been made any later. Selecling 

 ears thai are perfectly ripe and have a small cob, 

 without a large '•lint-end," will keep the corn 

 from glowing later. When I select mysee<lcorii 

 I am careful lo jiick ears the kernel of which is 

 large and bright, having a small cob and but 

 eight row.s — and as much as possible of a iiifi- 

 foriii bigness from biit-end to tip. ] never pick 

 ears fr(ui) overgrown stalks ; nor ears that have a 

 large but-eiul or ten and twelve roued ears. — 

 Such will grow where there isaii ahnndantgrowth 

 even if all eiglil rowed are planted. 



Yours with much esteem, 



JOHN BROWN, 2d. 



.Moultonborovgli, '• Long Island," Feb. lOth, 1845 



Pru.ni.ng. — The warm weather reminds us that 

 we have something lo say uliout pruning, which 

 we shall do in a general way. Of trees beaiing 

 fruit upon spurs, ys the apple, pear, plum, &c., 

 the branches are not lo he shortened, but where 

 necessary, they must be taken out at their junc- 

 tion with other blanches or stems, close up, leav- 

 ing no slump. All trees bearing fruit upon the 

 stem or br.iuib, without spurs, may have their 

 branches shortened, as for instance, the peach, 

 As a general rule, take out all the riders, ingrow- 

 ing branches, or branches closely overhanging 

 each other. Prune in such a manner that the re- 

 maining branches may, as nearly as [lossible, 

 spread horizoiilally — rising above one another in 

 a succession of hueis, at the distance of some 

 tliree feet, one above the other. This may be 

 followed with regard to the apple tree, but in the 

 plum tree a smaller distanix- belween the braindi- 

 es will be better, u bile the branches of the peach 

 aiiil pear should be iiioie npri;;lit. 



Use llie saw, knile and cliisid ; never let an axe 

 go lip a tree. Remember that a workman is 

 known by his tools. 



When trees are pruned they have a tendency 

 to sucker. "Soft soaping" will enable to split 

 their hides, expand their trunks, and in a great 

 measure overcome this tendency. Young suck- 

 ers, when in place, become good limbs if proper- 

 ly taken care of. Such as fill up vacancies in the 

 tree should not lie removed. If you have no soft 

 soap on hand you must have recourse lo scoring; 

 which is done by cutiiiii; the outer bark up and 

 down with the grain, which will enable the tree 

 to expand, new wood will form nndernealh tlie 

 bark, and in a great iiK'asiire overcome the ne- 

 cessity to siickei' — ill oilier words, the sn|) which 

 goes off in the formation of suckfis will lie taken 

 up in the Ibrmatioii of new wood beneath llie 

 bark, thus enlarging the body of the tree. Jt will 

 be observed that scoring is an important feature 

 in Mr. Pell's management of fruit trees. Don't 

 forget to replenish the earth, for which puriiose 

 charcoal and ashes, cliar'-oal and lime, or well- 

 rolteil peal, straw, chips, &e., may be used, li' 

 you plough orchards plough shallow at the trees 

 and deeper between them. — A'. V. Farmer and 

 tVechanic. 



On the Draught of Chimneys. 



Suppose a chimney wiili the back lo tlieNorlli, 

 with a fire-place opening lo the South, in a light 

 room ; the chimney lo be perli'Ctly straight, lint 

 le.-ining to the South one foot in ten ; the fire lo 

 be kindled close to the back of the chiinney. — 

 The liotair from the lire being lighter than cool- 

 er air, will ascend in .is near a perpendicular line 

 as possible, and will occupy only the iN'orlh pari 

 of il : in the mean-liine, cold air will desceiul on 

 the South or lower side of ilie chimney, (llie two 

 currents not inlerleriiig with each other,) to sup- 

 ply iIk^ vacancy or partial exhaustion made in the 

 air of the room by the warm air from the fire 

 passing out of it. 



This fact of two currents of air — one ascend- 

 ing,the other descending — has often been observed 

 ill good chimneys in close rooms; and it would 

 be unreasonable lo suppose that a strong current 

 of air, occupying the whole size of the chimney, 

 could be supplied by the crevices of an ordinary 

 room. This chimney, according to ilie theory, 

 would draw well. 



Again : Suppose that tlie same chiinney, when 

 arrived at some point near the middle of its 

 height, should, wilhoiit any inclinatioti lo the East 

 or West, be curved so as to incline lo the North : 

 the hot air, when it arrived at the curve, would 

 pass to the opposite or South side of the chim- 

 ney, (being inclined lo ascend in a )ierpeiidiciilar 

 line,) and leave no space for a descending cur- 

 rent, unless it should pass through the ascending 

 current, which would be im|iossilile. Both cur- 

 rents would be nearly destroyed, and the chim- 

 ney certainly be a smoky one. 



From the foregoing, two causes of ciiimiieys 

 smoking may be deduced, viz: 



Isl. The partial exhaustion of the air of the 

 rooms to supply the ilrauglil of the chimney. — 

 That this would impede the draught, is evident; 

 and that it exists, is proved by the air forcing it- 

 self through the crevices into the room — a pan 

 more observable in smokj' rooms than others. 



2d. The interference of a downward current 

 with tlie upward current, made by the hot and 

 lighter air from llie fire. 



These two causes may be removed by so con- 

 structing the chimney that the liot air "from the 

 fire should occupy but one side or part of the 

 chimney, leaving room for a descending emrent 

 of cooler air, which is inclined to descend in a 

 perpendicular line. The two currents will always 

 be found choosing opposite sides of the chimney. 



This can lieaccomplishi.'d u itiiout additional ex- 

 pense or inconvenience, by slightly inclining llie 

 chinmey as liir as may be convenient: tlicli, in- 

 stead of a direct curve, lo make one lo the right 

 or left, so that the ascending cmient will pass lo 

 llie corner, and lo an adjoining side, but never to 

 pass through llie middle of the chimney lo an 

 opposite side. A sn'aigbt leniiiiig chimney, or a 

 spirally curved one, or parts of both combined, 

 will draw well. B. 



— Hudson Valley Observer. 



Mormonism — Shocking Disclosures. 



Elder Rigdon's Jlagaziiie for January, pub- 

 lished at Pitlsburgh, gives some disclosures ol 

 corruption and licentiousness among the iMor- 

 mons, in New York, New Jersey, &c. It appear.- 

 tliat the degrading polygamy founded by Joe 

 Smith, and established at Nauvuo a short lime be- 

 fore his death, has been encouraged and suslain- 

 c'd by people of inielligence. Kigdoii gives the 

 following accoiint of a recent visit to the Mor- 

 mon Cliurches, and of his own efforts lo arrest 

 the corruption that was ra|iidly spreading among 

 the deluded followers. He says : 



Among the churches we visited, lliere was a 

 great deal of excitement; many of the principal 

 members had either wjlhdrawn from the church 

 or bad been cutoff, .-11111 of this number ueiu llu 

 |iresiding elders of llie church of Pliiladidpbia, 

 New York, Boston, New Eygpl, N. J. and Woods- 

 town, N. J. On eiKjiiiriiig into the cause of the 

 difficiillies, in every instance, it was the s|iiritual 

 wife system which had cau.-ed the sepaialion and 

 exclusion. The course pursued by the advocates 

 of this system, who were the Iravelling elders, 

 was, that as soon as a man became dissatisfied 

 with the teachings of those believers in polyga- 

 my, and was bold enough to express his liissatis- 

 faclioii, call the doctrine incesluous and adulte- 

 rous, he or she was immedialely arraigned before 

 the church, and charged with disobedience to the 



authorities, and with sh;iidering the heads of the 

 chinch ; an awful appeal svas made to llie mem- 

 bers of the cliuich, at the lime of the trial, and 

 every one who dared vote in liivor of the person 

 charged, was threatened with ininediale exclu- 

 sion from the church by these lyranis, and thus 

 inlimidateii and compelled lo olu^y the mandaie 

 of their masters. A notable iiisiaiiceof ibis was 

 related 10 me while in Boston. Old Elilei Nich- 

 olson, a niiin highly esteemed in Boston, and the 

 liithcr of the cliuich there, when this s\sieiii of 

 II plurality of wives first made iis app.Muance 

 there, rose n|i against il, as every man of virtue 

 would, aiul was so deeply affected with it, that 

 he wept over the corruption that was creeping in- 

 to the cliuich, and declared his intention ami ile- 

 terniinatioii to lili his voice ai:ainst it ; this was 

 no sooner kno«n than lie was heseiged by two 

 of llie so called anthorilies, and tlireat(!iied with 

 exclusion, if he dare give testimony against those 

 whom he declared he knew were guilty of great 

 improprieties, such as called Uir the interference 

 (d' every virliiotis man ; and the old gentleman 

 was so inlimidaled by their threat, hi; shrunk 

 from bis duly, ami instead of discharging it with 

 a manly boldness, actually lifted his hands i;i (ii- 

 vor of those whose conduct he had deprecated 

 in the strongest terms. 



Every effort of this kind was made that the 

 most corrupt could invent, to conceal this system 

 from the public view. Others were cut off in 

 private meeliiigs, without their having any knowl- 

 edge of it, till they were informed by some run- 

 ner sent oiil for the purpose, that at such a meet- 

 ing lliey had been cut off from the church. 



Every one who was known to be opposed to 

 this .system, if he or she could not be won over, 

 ormaileto succumb by ihreats, was excluded, 

 and their character assailed in a most outrage- 

 ous manner, in order to destroy their iiiHuence, 

 lliat their lestimony might not be believed. 



Foi lilt: Fainu-r's Monliily Visitur. 



Another Letter from a Connecticut Yankee in 



Fairfax Co., Virginia. 



Mr. Editoii : — What can be the reaSon th;it I 

 have not received the Visitor? I have not seen 

 one that I could call my own, of later date than 

 September, 164'], and 1 cannot leel satisfied until 



i do. 1 called ihe other day 011 my friend P , 



and to my great sur|irise he informed me that lie 

 had reeeiveil a letter from me through your col- 

 umns, which was the first intimation I had of their 

 being read by a subscriber in Virginia. IJovvever, 

 I think the paper destined to an extensive circu- 

 lalioii here, notwitlislanding I have not sncceed- 

 i;d in oblaining one subscriber Hir\ou, in reality. 

 1 have conversed Hilli several about it, anil lia\e 

 urged them to take it, being well satisfied lliey 

 could not read il wilhont profit lo themselve.s. But 

 one thinks il cannot " be suitable for this climate 

 and soil." A second says that "if he takes it he is 

 bound to reail il, and it will take up his time." (I) 

 A third has no confidence in " book (arming," and 

 gave me ibis .sage piece of advice, " not to put so 

 much confidence in books and papers, fur writers 

 know nothing about larniing," <Scc. 



After all, 1 cannot help thinking, that I have 

 talked with your patrons in einbiyo. tin; discoiir- 

 agemenls I have met with lo the conlrary. Part 

 of the blight side of the leaf is, ihat had I seen 



my Irieml G before he hud subscribed for 



another, I think that I should have secured his 

 name for your li.-t, and as it is I liope for two at 

 least, against a cloud of doubt. 



I have lately seen a few persons from the North 

 who are now ranging this county looking at land, 

 and now and then I hear of a purchaser. A 

 few weeks ago 1 saw one from your Stale : he 

 said his home was within thirty miles of you, and 

 he was going lo the "far west" before he return- 

 ed, and intended lo buy v\ here he best liked. He 

 had just arrived, and expressed himself much de- 

 lighted v\iili our climate. I will not now trouble 

 you wiili individual arrivals and opiniun.s, il I do 

 1 shall have room for nothing else. 



1 think it is generally acknowledged that what 

 we most need for our laud here is a plentv of 

 "elbow grease" to take the place of the presinl 

 and past mithods of farming. They are not effi- 

 cient. What cm you expect the coiidilion of a 

 liirin to be, containing two thousand fire himdied 

 acres, the work being done by 111111111 t\\eiiiv 

 slaves — the owner lioiiig iiotbing except oversee- 

 ing, anil having about fifty slaves hired out.' I 

 was talking wiih him the other day and he ex- 



