46 



(J1)C JTarmcv's ilIontl)ln bisitov. 



c.iiilioiif, iieltliei- |iciioli nor nny oilier fniit-lrees 

 uill liu iiire>ii-il wiili xvoriiisat llic lools, provided 

 tliijy liiivB fiiii.ililo arier-euhiire. For iminy ol' 

 the aliovi! sii^i^etiioiis the uriler is iiididiled to 

 R. L. Pell, E:>i(., oC PelluKii, Uisler couriU, New 

 Yoili. 



Ciilliire of Orchards. — The soil iiroiirid the trees 

 sliriiild lie kept Iciose, either liy spiidiii!:, diii^iri!; 

 wiih ii iimlKick, or liy plotifihiiiji'. It' u criip is 

 put ill llie orehiird, iioiliiij<.' .-iKJidd lie plaiiled <ir 

 Boueil wiiliiii file Ceet oT llie trees, as llie iiimrisli- 

 nieiit taken up iiy llie nop is so much taken (ioiii 

 the proulh of llie trees. Alier the lime and 

 eharcoal have laid around the trees one year, 

 spread them around the trees in a circle of ten 

 I'eet ill diameler. This shoiihl ho done in the 

 siM'inj;, «hen llie soil is cullivaled, and a Iresli 

 supply of lime and charcoal applied. 



VVIien the trees have lieen sit out llneeor four 

 years, llie soil should he enriched \viih a coiiiposi 

 of inuriure, swamp-muck ami ashes. Early every 

 sprinj; llie trunks ol' the irees should lie washed 

 wilh strong' ley, stroufx soa|i-?u(ls, or thin soil- 

 soap. Apply eilher ol' these with a wliiteuasli 

 brush as liijih as a man can reach. When the 

 trees prow rapidly, lliciir f.'rowtli will lie increased 

 by sliilinii the ouler imrk ihe whole leucih liom 

 the };romid up to the liinlis. This •iives the trees 

 room lo expand. As soon as llie trees lilossum, 

 tlirow over ihem lime perfectly slaked — this 

 should lie done while the dew is on. 



To render oh! and barren orchards thrifty and 

 produclivc. — Early in the spring' plouiili ilie eiiiire 

 orchard and enrich with a compost of manure, 

 swaiiip-uiuck, lime, and chip iiiaiinre. Scjape 

 off .'ill ihe old hark nilli a deck scraper, or a hoe, 

 S round sharp. Apply half a hiishel .-hiked lime, 

 and the same of line charcoal, around each tree. 

 Apply llieii sofi soap or stroii;? suap-suds on ihe 

 tinnks and limhs as hifih as a man can reach. — 

 \Vlule the iiees are in full hlooui, throw over 

 them a good supply of fine slaked lime. 



B. G. BoSWELL, 



Philadelphia Cabinet. 



From the Pliilndclpliia Cubinet. 

 Piiliculty in Chiiiniiig Butter. 



Mr. Cab-net. — Please to ask your folks, in- 

 steail of wiiiiui: so many lliiuijs which we know 

 aliead\ — and some we doii'i want to know — to 

 turn llieir allenlion to the department of female 

 hu.sbfindry, i\i\i\ iiistriicl us a linle in ihal. 



Ill Ilie days of our (;rand-ilames— as many a le- 

 gend lells us — when witches were almost as nu- 

 merous as cats, and quite as niischievoiis — riding 

 broomsliid\s on llieir errands of inisi-liief — the 

 good housc'wife freqneiilly encountered the great- 

 est difficulty from their malicious inlerfereuce 

 Willi her household affairs; unless her stable 

 door and -'lliat dearcot her home," were protect- 

 ed liy ihe potent charm oi'an old horse-shoe, the 

 horses' manes and tails would lie twisted into 

 cues — the cows would either bo sucked dry, or 

 their milk liirned to blood — or \\ hen chniued 

 would not make butter — her vinegar would not 

 stay in the barrel, nor her soap in the tub — nor 

 could she even supply its loss, unless she used 

 the precaution lostir the soap-|iot with a sassafras 

 slick, lop down. In those perilous times stern 

 necessity devised many means to break the spell 

 — to burn the witch, or to douse her into the 

 scalding water. But to us who !ireyouii;!, this is 

 mere malti-r of history — fahnlous hisUiry it wciuld 

 seem — Icir no sooner ilid the people cease their 

 elforls to keep Ihe witches out, than tlicy made the 

 discovery that there were none to gel in — oh 

 pshaw! I >at dov\ 11 to inquire about churuiiig, 

 and here is a homily on witchcraft. 



It is a fad iiiifortunately too well known, that 

 in small dairies of one or two cows — perhaps 

 cows which have been milked tor several monllis 

 — there is often much difference experienced in 

 churning the cream into biilter, especially in cold 

 weather — souielimes the cream is converted into 

 a thick froth, and will not break; at olher times 

 llie butter liinus into small pellets resembling 

 fi~li eggs, and will not gather. Now it is no Iri- 

 lle 10 have all the trouhle anil labor of gathering 

 the cream, and chnrning a whole day — perhaps 

 two or three of ihem — and have to eat your liiick- 

 wheal cakes wiihonl biiller at last. Formerly it 

 was only necessary lo expid the wilcli, and all 

 was right ; but now-a-days, there is no witcli, 

 and we don't know what to do. 



One thinks her cow is too poor to churn for, and 



exchanges her for one no lietter, Anotlier can't 

 get buller because her cow was fed on turnips 

 or pumpkins. A third condemns outs straw as 

 leed for cows — and who would not agree with 

 her in thai — and some think that even the oats 

 themselves, ground either alone, or with corn, 

 make iiili^iior butler or none at all. 



i\'ow all this may, or may not Peso. We think 

 there may be some dilference in cows, and in cow- 

 feed too ; for we see a great diflerence between 

 ihe milk of different cows, and of the same cows 

 uiiiler difl'erenl keeping. Still, as the complaint 

 seems only to |irevail in winter, we think that 

 winter may have soniethiiig to do with it — es- 

 pecially as our cream will churn readily one 

 week, and hardly at all another — cows and food 

 the same. 



Now ^^ hat do your Cabinet folks say to this? 

 'i^ou'olieu talk about chemistry. Now can't you 

 tell us what is the chemical process of convert- 

 ing cream into butter — which coustilntes the 

 difference between the two; and what are essen- 

 tial condilions necessary to affect the change ? 

 Do lell us where the cream-pot slio'dd be kept 

 in cohl weather .' How it should bestirred and 

 managed; What put into it ? How the churn 

 should he prepared, &.c. &.c. ? 



Do tell us all ahoiil it, and oblige a whole heap 

 of You.NG Wives. 



It would affor'^ the editor no small gratirication, 

 if he Were able to remove a difficulty, which has 

 from time immeiiiorial, for aught we know, per- 

 plexed and annoyed, not only " heaps of Young 

 Wives," hut also any quantity of old ones, who 

 had thought that in most matters they had cut 

 their wisdom teeth. We must, how> ver, leave 

 this to wiser people, and hope some of our read- 

 ers will he able lo render assistance in the prem- 

 ises. There is all all excellent article under the 

 head of Butter, in the Farmer's Ency<do|iedia, 

 which is too long ibr the Cabinet, and to which 

 we call only refer. We can very well .symiia- 

 tliise with those who are worried in this way, 

 having inaiiya time watched with no little cha- 

 grin, the prolonged and fruitless labours at the 

 churn, for six or eight, or even twelve hours; 

 anil llieii; after u\\,\\' \\,a buckwheat cukes were 

 not ealeu dri), they might as well have been, for 

 the stnffihai was prodnci-d when ll:e lintler did 

 come, il indeed it came at all, was not worthy of 

 llie name of butter, and hardly that of decent 

 grease. Perhaps there is no better )ilan for hav- 

 ing good buller in winter, and little difficulty in 

 the churuiiig of it, than to feed the cows well 

 with Indian meal and green fond, as carrots, tur- 

 nip.'^, potatoes, iVc, and lo keep the mill or cream 

 at a moderate teui|iertiture. A friend in Jersey, 

 and by the way, an excellent lionse-kee|)er, re- 

 marked to us a li;w weeks ago, that she kept her 

 milk and cream during the winter, altogether in 

 a closet ill the kitchen; llins at a constant tem- 

 perature, from 55'' to lij*', it readily soured, and 

 she had no difficiihy in getting her butter: and 

 the ipiality of it, when she does g-e( it, ourselves, 

 arc particularly fourl of testing. This plan of 

 keeping the milk warm, is we believe, practised 

 lo a very consiihu'able extent, by our large and 

 nice dairy peo|)le on this side the Delaware. — Rd. 

 Far. Cab. 



On the Proper Maiiiigcment of Posts, with 

 Reference to their Uiirabilitv. 



Perhaps there is no subject connected with ag- 

 licnlture. on which greater diversity of opinion 

 prevails, than the ipiestion, u liethcr wilh refer- 

 ence lo their durability, posts should be put into 

 till! groiiiid green or seasoned .' When I fust set- 

 tled, I took considerable pains lo inform myself 

 on this point, by coiisiiltalion wilh llii'Se wlio.se 

 experience should coiistitnte them proper foun- 

 tains of luformation. 'J'lie diversity to which I 

 have alluded, impaired greatly tlie jicquisitiou of 

 decisive results. i\lr. Tliomiis Tliwcatt, of Din- 

 w iddie, (a gentleuiaii of great jndgcnieul and ob- 

 servation on all agiicultmal subjects,) rehitcd to 

 me a circiimslaiice which conti ibiited much lo 

 the altalnmenl of my object. He stated, (if my 

 memory be correct,) llial in the erection of his 

 garden, a number ol posl.s, as he supposed, were 

 lueparedand sull'cied to remain until they wine 

 ihoidiiglily si'asoiied. Its completion, however, 

 reipiued one in addition, which was taken from 

 an adjacent tree and immediately put in the 

 ground. Seventeen ye.-irs had elapsed, and ev- 



ery posts had rotted down, except the one,which 

 remained sound. In the progress of my investi- 

 gation, another instance was related, in which 

 an eiiiire side of a garden exhibited the same 

 results. Jly own limiled experience furnishes 

 an incident worthy of being nieniioned. My 

 garden enclosure was erected of posts while 

 green. Several pieces remained exposed till 

 they were completely seasoned. Out of these n 

 horse-rack was constructed, which was entirely 

 rotted down, while every post in the garden re- 

 mains (inn. From thcsK fads, 1 deduce the be- 

 lief, that a post planted when green will last long- 

 er than when previously seasoned; and for the 

 reason tliat the operation of seasoning produces 

 cracks in the timber, which admitting the mois- 

 ture from the ground, causes its decay. 1 recol- 

 lect to have read the account of an experiment 

 proving that the inversion of posts from the di- 

 rection in whi<di they grew, operated beneficial- 

 ly. Two gate posts were hewn from ihe same 

 tree — one was planted in the manner in which it 

 grew, the oilier inverlcd. The former rolled 

 while the latter was sound. It was accounted 

 for in this way — that nature had formed valves 

 Ibr the ascension of the sap, w liich allowed the 

 moisture of the ground to penetrate through the 

 same channel; hut llie inversion of the valves in- 

 terposed a barrier lo its tidmission. This theory 

 corroborates the idea previously expressed, lliat 

 the moisture of the groimd, alternately penetrat- 

 ing within the limher.and in droughts, nieasnrably 

 receding, causes its decay. Wlielher the posts 

 should he cut while the sap is up or down, 1 am 

 unable to deleriiiine. A writei in some of the 

 numbers of the .American Farmer states that oak 

 timber slionid by cut w Idle the sap is up, because 

 it is glutinous and forms a cement, or substance 

 which acts as a preservative. 



I h.ive ventineil to express these hasty and im- 

 perfect reflections, wilh the hope that, although 

 they may not impart any useful information, they 

 may elicit some from otiiers. These are contro- 

 verted subjects, in which every person who 

 erects a gate or encloses a garden, is deeply in- 

 terested, and their further discussion will he val- 

 uable, at least lo S. — Fai: Register. 



Remedy for Worms and Insects in the 

 Stomacu of Calves. — Take 1 pint of spirits of 

 tiirpcnliiie, 1 do. train oil, 2 oz. spirits of vilriol, 

 2 do asafcEtida, 2 do. harlsliorii. Mix- the whole 

 logither in a botlle, and shake it well before it'is 

 used. Pour a ttiblespoonfnl down each nostril 

 of every calf, for three successive mornings; the 

 calves must be kept y«,</i')ig- the night previous to 

 giving Ihe dose. Should the first trial not suc- 

 ceed repeat the dose in the course of a week or 

 ten days. — .'Im. .IgricuHurist. 



Give to your sheep pine boughs once or twice 

 a week ; they will deate appetite, prevent dis- 

 ease, and increase their health. 



About Cushiucre Shawls. 



We find in the Bostoii Transcript a very lady- 

 like artii le from the editress upon this inipor- 

 taiit and interesting topic. She says 'hat '• these 

 magnificent and graceful articles of oriental iiian- 

 iifactnre, in the exquisite perliiclion of llieir cost- 

 ly fabric, are not much worn in our country, ow- 

 ing lo their heavy price, iliongh wo occasionally 

 see the figure of a wealthy woman enveloped in 

 a suit and dclictite shaw I that may possibly liavo 

 been a whole J ear in a loom in Cashmere, and 

 bought wilh a price that might pay tlie total an- 

 nual expenses ol'a small family." 



The work of iMr. Elphinstoue, upon C'alnil and 

 Cashmere, i\liss Waller goes on to say, "gives a 

 curious account of llir manufactine of the Indian 

 shaw Is, in w hich he states that a shop may bo 

 occupied wilh one shawl, provided it he a remar- 

 kable fine one, above a year; while other shops 

 make six or cuglit diuiiigthat period. 



Of the best and most wcirki'd kinds, not so 

 much as a quarter of an inch is completed in one 

 day by lluce people, which is the number em- 

 ployed in most of llie shops. Shawls contain- 

 ing niiicli work are made in separate pieces in 

 difiercnt shops, and it may be observed, it rarely 

 happens that the pieces when completed corrcs- 

 ponil in size. Main shaw Is are woven wilh a 

 heavy wooden shutlle; the figured ones are 

 worked with wooden needles, there being a sep- 

 arate needle for the thread ofeacli color, and no 



