^rm^rs J!l0titlrlg feitxrr.' 



" CONDUCTED B>Y ISAAC MIliE^ 



"Those who labor in ths karth are the chosen i'eoi-le of God, whose bheaSts he has mape hi9 pecuijar detosite for.substa.ntial and obnuime virtue. "^v/^wiofl. 



VOLUME VII. 



THE FARMER'S MONTHl,V VISITOR, 



PUBLISMLU KM 



ISAAC HILL, & SONS, 



ISSUED ON THE LAST DAY OF EVERY MONTH, 

 At Athenian BuildiniT. 



CONCORD, N, H., APRIL 30, 1845, 



NUMBER -i. 



Kct'tie, N II.; Thomas 



'. ; John Marsh, VVash- 



Waruen, Brinley Ituvv, 



OS-Generai. Ar.ENTs.— B. Cook. 

 R. UAMftoN, Washingloli City, D, i 

 yigtoi) frt. Ht'Stull, !Mu:^e. ; Chaklki 

 tVorci'ster. Mass, 



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COI^iCORD, N. H., APRIL 30, 18-15. 



From Cobbett's American Gardener. 

 Garden Vegetables. 

 Bean (kid.vey.) — Endless is the vaiiety of sorts. 

 Some are divaifs, some climbers ; but the mode 

 ot'ijiopagatiii'; and cultivaliiig is nearly the same 

 in all, e.Ncept that thedvvails leqnire smaller dis- 

 tances than the cliinhers, and tliat the latter are 

 grown xvitli poles, which the /brrner are nor. In 

 this fine counli'v tlieseed is so good, the soil and 

 cliiiiiile so liivurahle to the plant, the use ol' the 

 vegetable so jifcneral, tlie piop.igation and culti- 

 vation so easy and so well understood, that little 

 in detail need be said about them. I preler sow- 

 ing the dwarfs in rows, to sowing them in hunch- 

 es or clumps. It is a groat object to have theiri 

 early, and they may be had much earlier than 

 they usually are with a litlle pains. It is useless 

 to sow them while the ground is cold, for they 

 will not grow till it be warm ; but there are means 

 to be used to yet them forwarder than the natu- 

 ral ground viill produce them. If you have a 

 glazed IJame, or a hand-glass or two, use one or 

 the other in this case ; but if not, dig a hole and 

 put in it, well shaken logethei, acon()le of wlieel- 

 imrrojvs full of good hot dung; and lay some 

 good ri":h mould upon it six inches thick." Then 

 lay on this some of Ihe earliest sort of dwarf- 

 lieans. Put them not more than an incn apart, 

 and cover them with two inches of fine rich 

 tiionld. Bend some rods over the whole, and put 

 the ends of the rods in the groimd ; and every 

 evening cover this sort of roof over with a hit 

 of old carpel or sail-cloth. In default of these, 

 corii-sliilks may do. Do this svhen the winter 

 frost is jnst got out of the gromid, or soon after. 

 The beans will be up in a week's time; and in 

 about a fortnight afterwards they will be fit to re- 

 move. The |)lace for them is uudera wall, a pal- 

 ing, or a hedge, facing the south. Prepare the 

 groimd well, and make it rich. Take a spade, 

 und carry away a part of the beans at a time, and 

 plant them at si.v inches asunder, with as much 

 earth about the roots as you can. Plant them a 

 litlle deeper than they stood in ilie bed. They 

 are very juicy, and may have a little water given 

 them as soon as planted. Shade them the first 

 day, if the weather be warm and the sun out, and 

 cover them every night till all frosis be over.— 

 This is easily done, if against any sort of fence, 

 by putting boards, one edge upon the ground and 

 the other leaning against the fence; but if yon 

 have no fence, and have lo plant in the open 

 ground, it will be liest to plant in clumps, and 



flower-pots put over the clumps will do for a 

 covering. In Long Island, *a clod or two, or a 

 brick or two, laiil by the side of the clumps, will 

 hold up a large liorse-fiiot fish shell, which is an 

 excellent covering. On the fiist of June, 1817, 

 I saw a farmer at South-Hempstead covering his 

 beans with burdock leaves, while there were hun- 

 dreds of horse-loot shells in his yard. The <lock 

 leaf would wither in the day. .'V fresh supply 

 must be had for the next night. This circum- 

 stance shows, however, how desirous people are 

 to get this vegetable early ; and by the method 

 that I have pointed out, it may be had fifteen days 

 at least, earlier than it generally is. — As to the 

 main crop, it is by no means advisable to sow very 

 early. If you do, the seed lies long in the groimd, 

 which is always injurious to this plant. The 

 plants come up feebly. The cold weather, that 

 occasionally comes, makes them look yellow; 

 and they, then, never produce a fine crop. Of the 

 various sorts of pole- beans, oiie sowing is enough ; 

 for if you gather as the beans become fit for use, 

 they continue hearing all the summer, especially 

 the Lima-Bean, which delights in heat, and for 

 which no weather can be too dry ; and which 

 should never be sown till the ground be right 

 warm. The dwarf sorts may he sown all sum- 

 mer, frotn the time that the ground becomes 

 warm, lo within seven weeks of the time that the 

 little frosts begin in the fall; for tliey will, at this 

 se.tson, produce for eating green in six weeks 

 from the day ot' sowing. I sowed them on the 

 15th of August, and had several gatherings to 

 eat green before the 2d of October, when the 

 first frost came. They were not cut up by the 

 frost till the 17th of October; and they kept bear- 

 ing till they were. A row or two sown every 

 fortnight, will keep any fimily, however large, 

 well supplied. And perhaps twenty rows, for 

 pole-beaiis of all the sorts that are desired, will 

 be more than sufficient. It is best to sow seve- 

 ral sons of these ; lor some hear early and some 

 later than others. As to theso/7sof kidney-bean.s, 

 they are, as I observed before, almost endless in 

 number. I will, however, name a few: the dun, 

 or drab-colored dwarf bean is the earliest. Tho 

 same ground will bear and ripen two crops in one 

 year, the last from the seed of the first. The yel- 

 low, the black, the S|jeckled, the painted, white 

 and red ; these are all dwarfs, but there are a 

 great many others. Amongst runners, or pole- 

 beans, there are the scarlet-blossom, the seed of 

 which is red and black, and the seed-pod rough. 

 There is a white beau precisely like the former, 

 except that the bc;m and blossom are white. — 

 'VUe C(ise-l<nife bean which, in England, is called 

 the Z>u;f/iu)!;(tr : this is the best bean of all to 

 eat green. Then there is the Cranberry- Bean, of 

 various colors as to seed. The Lima-Beap, which 

 is never ealen green, (that is, the pod is never 

 eaten,) and which is sometimes called t]ie Butler- 

 Bean, has a broad, flat and thin seed of a yellow- 

 ish white color. This bean ttiust never be sown 

 till the ground is right warm. The other sorts 

 will grow and bear well in England; but this 

 sort will not. 1 raised gooil and ripe Indian corn 

 at Botley ; liut I never could bring a Lima-Bean 

 to perfection, though I put it in the hottest spot I 

 could find, and though cucumbers produced very 

 well in the natural ground at yard or two from it. 

 Beet. — This vegetable, which is little used in 

 Eiiglanfl, is here in as common use as carrots are 

 there. It should be sown in ihe fall, but if not, 

 as soon as the ground is free irom frost, and is 

 dry, in the spring; the rows a foot apart, and the 

 plant eight inches apart in the rows. In order 

 to hasten the seed up in the spring, (if sown then) 

 soak it four days and nights in rain water before 

 you sow it. Put it two inches deep, cover it well, 

 and press the earth hard down u()on it. Sow the 

 seed pretty thick all along the tirill ; and when the 

 plants come up, thin lliem to eight inches apart. 

 Hoe between the plaiile fretpieutly, but not very 



deep ; because these tap-rooted things are apt to 

 fork, if the ground be made loose very low down 

 while ihey are growing. There are yellow and 

 white beets, a.s well as red ; but tho red ia the true 

 kind: the others are degenerate. There is, how- 

 ever, round or turnip-rooted red beet, which i.s 

 equally good with the tap-rooted red beet. The 

 ground should he rich, but not fresh dunged. — 

 Ashes of wood, or compost mould, is best ; and 

 the digging ought to be very deep, and all the 

 clods ought to be broken into fine earth ; because 

 the clods turn the poin! of the root aiiide, and 

 make the tap short or fi»rked. Fresli dmig, which, 

 of course, lies in unequal qiiauiities in the ground, 

 invites the tap root, or some of the side roots to 

 it, and thus causes a short oi- ibjkeil heel, which, 

 for several reasons, is not so good as a long and 

 smooth one. As to the preserving of beets dur- 

 ing tho winter, it is viell known that the way is 

 to [)ut them in a dry cellar, with dry sand between 

 them, or indeed, without s<»nd or any thing at all 

 between them. They may, if in large quantities, 

 and not wanted till spring, he preserved out of 

 doors, thus: take them up three weeks before 

 the hard frost is to come. Cut oft" their leaves; 

 let them lay two or three days upon straw, or 

 boards to <lry in the sun ; then lay a little straw 

 upon the gromid, and in a fine dry day, place ten 

 bushels of beets (picking out all tlie cut or bruis- 

 ed ones) upon it in a conical form. Put a litlle 

 straw smoothly over the heap ; then cover the 

 vvliole wilh six oreiglit inches of earth, and place 

 a green turf at llie top to prevent the earth frotii 

 being washed, by rain, from the point, before the 

 frost set in. All the whole heap will freeze dur- 

 ing the winter; but the frost will not injure the 

 beets, nor will it injure carrots preserved in the 

 same way. If you have more than ten bushels, 

 make another heap, or other heaps, for fear of 

 heating before the frost comes. When that comes, 

 all is safe till Sfiring ; and it is in the spring, that 

 season of scarcity, for which we ought to provide. 

 How many bushels of beets are flung about and 

 wasted in the fall, the smallest of which would 

 be a treat in the month of May ! As to the quaiw 

 tity to be raised for a family, eighteen rows, 

 planted as above, across one of the plats (little 

 more than two perches of ground) will produce 

 eight hundred and twelve beets, or nearly four 

 for each day, fiom the first of November to the 

 last of May ; and if they are of the size that they 

 ought to be, here are iiincli more than enough. 

 Beets may be transplanted, and will in that way 

 get to a good size. 



Celery. — The qualities of ibis plant are uni- 

 versally known. There are three or four sorts; 

 the white, the red, the hollow, and the solid. Tho 

 hollow white is the best; but the propagation 

 and cultivation of all are Ihe same. The whole 

 of that part of the year, during which the frost 

 is out oi' the gromid, is not a bit too long for the 

 getting of fine celery. The seed sown in the cold 

 ground, in April, will lie six tveelcs before it come 

 up. A wheel-barrow fiill of hot dung, \ml in a 

 hole in the grounil against a wall, or any fence, 

 lacing the soiilh, and covered with rich and fino 

 mould, will bring the seed up in two weeks. If 

 you have a hot-bed frame, or a hand-light, the 

 thing is easy. A large flower-pot will bring up 

 out of ground, plants enough for any family. As 

 soon as the plants are three inches high, and it 

 scarcely matters how thick they stand, make a 

 nice little bed in open free air; make the ground 

 rich and the earth very fine. Here prick out the 

 plants at lour inches apart, and, of course, nine 

 in a square foot. They are so very email that 

 this must be carefully done ; and they should be 

 gently watered once, and shaded two days. A 

 bed leu feet long and foijr wide will contain three 

 hundred and sixty plants: and if Ihey be well 

 cultivated, they are more ihau any common-sized 

 family can want from November till May, In 

 this tied the plants stand 111) the initldle of July, 



