^l)c lavmcr's inontl)l|) bisitor. 



61 



ini in ihe past seHsoii. In April, 1843, he plant- 



1 two acies with tills vegetable. The groiiiiil 



as of iiiediiiti) quality. The artichokes were 



4."'.nted in rows two anil a half to three feet ajiarl 



'using a little more seed than iscointnonly used 



planting potatoes, As soon as the frost was 



It of the ground last spring, (1844.) the digging 



Ilietn was hegun and continued as the stock 



quired. The produce of the two acres was 



iOO bushels. They were fed principally to 



leep, though some were given to cattle, horses 



id hogs. All animals ate them well, seeming 



prefer them to turnips. While the sheep were 



lug fed with them, they were pastured on 



■owing wheat and clover. The shepherd thought 



wheat anil clover were suflicient for them, as 



.e was a full " bile," and he accordingly dis- 



timied the artrcliokes. The ewes fell off in 



ir milk, and the land)S soon sIiowimI that they 



;e not doing so well. The artichokes were 



m given, and tliey soon did as well as ever. 



Air. Noble also use<l the lops lor fodder. He 



I them in October, just before frost came, dried 



d housed thein. 'I'hey were led to the slock 



wimer, and were evidently preferred to corn 



Ider. 



Mr. N. is so well pleased with artichokes, that 

 is raising them this year on a larger scale.— 

 ey reipiire but little cultivation; it' being only 

 •essaiy to keep ihe ground clear of weeds till 

 ■ artichokes I'et a goo<l start. 

 Mr. T. M. Johnson, of Greensborough, Ala- 

 lia, lately iidbrmed us, that he is this year 

 "ing thirty acres of .-irtichokes. He consid- 

 tlieui the most profitable veiretable he can 

 ■e. In ili.-it climate they can be dug any time 

 he winter, 

 riiore are several varielics of ;Mticliokps, but 

 It called the Jerusalem aiticlioke— //e/iVmMi/s 

 'erusus— IS considered best. From the fibres 

 the tops or steins, a cordage is sometimes 

 iiiifactined in some p.irts of Europe. — Cii//i- 

 or. 



ow to preserve Meat fresh in any climute. 



'.4i-at "ill iievir spoil if it be excluded from 

 air, and it may be had in London, put up in 

 tight caimisters, a plan by which it has been 

 It tresh in all climales for nearly tliirtv vears, 

 ich is about as long as the plan "has beeii'prac- 



d. For household purpo.ses the most conve 

 lit way will be to provide a number of earth- 

 ware jars, with ground covers and a small 

 .; in each cover, like that in a tea-pot, which 

 y be stopped easily. The meat may be first 

 tly boiled and dejirivod of its bones, and be 

 n put, with part of the liquor, into the jars, 

 ich must be set in a pan of warm water and 

 dually brought to a boil. When the steam is 

 ug from the jars the covers must be put on 

 ■n and fixed down air-tight, the steam gen- 



ed in the meantime being siifTered to escape 

 11 the orifices in the lids. Finally, the pan 

 <i he removed from the fire, the holes in the 



stopped with small corks, and these corks 

 ,ed over to make them more impenetralde.— 

 lay also be a good iirecaiition to run a little 

 ted wax round the edge of each cover, toob- 



the leakage due to any imperfection of the 

 lices in contact. Meat" might also, we con- 



e, be preserved by boiling it in melted lilt for 

 w iniiiiites, or until it was eftectiially heated 

 ugh, and then dipping it in the fat, repeated 

 ■ the same liishion as dip|iing candles, iimil it 

 acquired a protecting coat of tallow (vhicli 

 air could not penetrate. Vegetables may be 

 eiveil ill the same jar.*, and by the same 

 liorl as we have described for the preservation 

 •leat.— .-Va*. Gazette. 



Fruni the Western Farmer and Cirdiner. 

 Cultivation of the Quince. 



Messrs. Fon-Ohs.— The Quince is but little 

 culliyated, as a useful fruit, in this country ; anil 

 It is indeed, from some unknown cause to me, 

 greatly neglected wherever it thrives, although 

 the fruit is always in demand, and generally 

 <-ommands a good price. There is no fruit tree 

 1 am acquainted with, that requires more, and 

 pays better for, pruning than the Quince; and 

 there is none, 1 lielieve, that receives less or is 

 more ncgh'cted. The I'^ar, the Apple, th.; I'each, 

 Cherry, and the iiiaiiy etcetera.s, are all cherish- 

 ed, dug around, pruned aii<l trainexl by Ihe ama- 

 teur, but the Quince is often left "sfililary and 

 alone," by the side of a ditch, with its roots over- 

 grown with grass or rank growing weeds and 

 briars, iinpruiied and neglected, only when in 

 Irmt, and then the good lady of the house has u 

 jealous eye for its golden load, and would .sooner 

 be deprived of her best set of China than the 

 crop ot Quinces to grace her table, as one of the 

 best preserves; and then every one exclaim.-!, 

 What a fine preserve the Quince is— how very 

 delicious I Now, sir, as I am always an advocate 

 lor the ladie.s, and have one present whilst writ- 

 ing, vvhich gives credence to ibis assertion, 1 hope 

 this much neglected tree will arrest the attention 

 ol the cultivators of fruit, and be pruned and 

 cultivated in connection with other trees of the 

 orchard. 



'I'he Quince thrives best in a rich loamy soil, 

 and il planted by the side of a ditch, by the side 

 ol pig-poimd, cow-house, shed, or swU location, 

 II gro^vs and bears well. The tree is increased 

 and propagated by taking the suckers from the 

 inother plant, by layering, and by (luitingout cut- 

 tmgs m the spring, precisely the saiiie as the 

 Gooseberry and Currant. Pruning, as 1 have 

 said before, is essenii.illv necessary, and should 

 he done at the fall of the leaf; the inelhod 1 

 adopt, IS simply to cut out all the small old 

 blanches at the points, and leave all young shoots 

 ol the last year's wood, which will lie the bearing 

 branches next y.;ar; the small old twijjs are af- 

 ways unfruitful, and take a portion of the .s.ip 

 Irom the fruitful ones, and hence the utility of 

 pruning. The fuincipal object to be i<ept in view 

 by the primer, is to cut out a portion of old-bear- 

 iii'T wood every year, in order to bring in young 

 shoots fiir fruiting the succeeding slimmer, and 

 to keep the tree in regular and imiform shape. 



jn addilion to the usefulness of the Quince as 

 a fine fruit, the tree answers as an excellent pa- 

 rent stock lo uraft or inoculate the Pear upon ;— 

 and jierhaps on giving it a fair trial, will evade 

 some of the diseases the Pear stoi^k is subject to, 

 as the fire-blight, &c. The roots of the Quince 

 <lo ni;t penetrate so deep as Ihe Pear tree into the 

 sub-sod, which perh.ipswill be traced as an evil 

 to the growth of the Pear in wet weather, as the 

 soil must certainly become cold and saturated at 

 a certain depth, and conseqiientlv the root of the 

 tree must be in a colder temperature than the 

 branches. 



Yours, E. SAYERS. 



"^^Jr?.!^.?^??.' '■f'^^fed before the Harlfor.! 



BV RALl'H It. 



XCRETORT Duct of the feet of Sheep. 



iicellor Livingston, 1st President of theN. Y. 

 3 Agricultural Society, says the legs of sheep 

 liiriiished with a duct, which terminates in 

 fissure of the hoof; Ironi which, when the 

 lal is ill health, is secreted a \vliite fluid, bin 

 u sickly, these ducts are stoppeil by the 

 eiiiiig of the fluid. He says he litis in'some 

 lures found that the sheep were relieved, by 

 ■ly pressing out the hardened matter with the 

 ■!■ lioiii the orifice ol" the duct in each foot; 

 ly in some cases be proper to place their feel 

 grin water, or to use a probe or hand brush 

 'eaiising this passage. 



A Fact for the Corious.— A. W. Palmer, 

 of Cheam, ill Surrey, England, tried a very strik- 

 ing experiment respecting the production of 

 wheat. Ill July, 1641, he pin one grain of wbcat 

 into a common garden pot ; in August he divided 

 it into fiiur [ilants. and in three weeks again di- 

 vided these into twelve plants; in September 

 the.se twelve were divided into thirty-two, which 

 111 Noveniher were divided into lilty ; and lie then 

 placed them in the open ground. In July, of 

 1S42. twelve of them had failed, but the reinain- 

 der of them were healthy. On the lilth of Au- 

 gust they woi-e cut down, and counted ]'J7-> 

 steins, with an average of 50 grains to the stem 

 —giving thus the increase of 98,000 grains.— 

 South Jf'estern Fnrmer. 



You.NG Trees.— An e.xcellent mode for pre- 

 venting young li-oit trees from becoming hide- 

 bound and mossy, and for promoting theii'health 

 and growth, is to take a bucket of soft soap, and 

 apply it with a biiish or old cloth to the trunks 

 lioiii top to bottom; this clean.ses the bark and 

 de.-troys the worms or the eugs of insects, and 

 Ihe soap becoming dissolved by rains, descends 

 to the roots and causes the tree to grow vi"or- 

 ouslv. - " 



PIIKI.I'S, KSIl. 



Mr. President, and Gentlemtn of the Society : 



So many able pens and tongues of hue have 

 bee.) employed in discii-ssing ibe merits of Agri- 

 culture, that I tear that any entertaimnent which 

 can aflord, will be like .setting cold meat and 

 iiroken victuals belbre men, who have lust par- 

 taken of a rich and plentilul least. 1 can pioni- 

 i.se you nothing but an honest desire lo forward 

 Ihat great interest, the advaiicemenl of which has 

 brought (18 together on this interesling occasion ; 

 and further, that I will not weaiy your patience 

 by a long address. 



That this great interest is progressing, and 

 gaming a deeper and slrong.r hold mi the coin- 

 fiiiinily, is abuiidanily proved by our present ex- 

 hibition. And after Ihe increasing interest exci- 

 ted by our animal sliow.«, it is allogetiier loo late 

 to question the utility of associations like our own. 

 Indeed, the promotion of the cause of agricul- 

 ture, manufacliires, and the mechanic arts, is not 

 the only benefit resulting from llic-e aiiiinal le-- 

 tivals. Men of difTerent vlew,s,and diirerenl par- 

 ties, are brought together, on common gioiind, to 

 consult a coniuion interest ; their bickerings, and 

 their asperities aie fingoiien, their atf.ctioiis'flow 

 out in a broader circle, and they are made to feel, 

 at least one day m the year, that they are breth- 

 ren of a c.ominon liimily,— that tliev have a com- 

 mon interest, and that each is benefitted by ihe 

 prosperity of the other. Would to heaven; that 

 this was felt every day. 



There is one subject, connecled with agricul- 

 ture, which, I think, has not received that atten- 

 tion, whicli its inipoitaiice demands. To this 

 subject, I shall principally confine my remarks. 

 It has been a source of complaint w"ith liiruiers 

 that they cannot keep ibcir boys at home— that 

 they must leave the l;u-in lor a protession, a chu-k- 

 ship, a trade, or even a |)edlar's Irimk or cart.— 

 This, I consider a great^ evil, which dem.Mnds a 

 remedy. The professions are full, and many a 

 well educated man is now piniiii; in poverty,"/Lir 

 want of employment. There are already loo 

 many inercliants for the business of ilie coimlry, 

 without coimtiiig those on wheels, while much 

 of our land lies waste liir want of laborers. 



I am persuaded that the evil complained of, is 

 generally owing to the mismanagement of pa- 

 rents, and that if ihey would pursue a proper 

 course, they would seldom find Iroulile iu keeji- 

 ing their boys at limne. 



Thefirsl step in the prodiiclion of this mischief 

 is olieii taken by the mother. It is no uncom- 

 mon thing for a mother lo have a son, remarka- 

 bly handsome, or perchance, so uncoiiimonlyfur- 

 ivard, as to give fearfid indicalions of his" enrZ^y 

 death ; when these would be the last impressions 

 of a stranger in relation to the child. Such a 

 mother would be very likely to leach such a son, 

 that he must not soil his hands by playing in the 

 dirt ; nor injure his fair couipleximi by exposure 

 to the sun ; as she intends to make him a minis- 

 ter, or doctor, or lawyer, or merchant of him. 



Thus the first lessons of maternal kindness go 

 to niake ihe impression on the joimg mind, lluu 

 it is (legrading to labor on the ("arm. And there 

 are nineiy-niiie chances iu a hundred, tlnil a boy 

 thus instructed by Ihe inolher in the yiars ol'child- 

 liood, will be much more fit for a "daud\-jack in 

 a caravan, than for an efliiient prolessioiial man ; 

 or a successful merchant. Chililreii should be' 

 early taught, that no honest calling is disreputa- 

 ble ; and that nothing is really degrading but i". 

 norance, idleness, and vice— that the lovCest aird 

 most improdnctive employment is preferable lo 

 idleness. Maternal kindness is truly honoialilo 

 to human nature, and I feel no disposition lo trifle 

 w'lth it ; but when il is carried to excess, it is ri- 

 diculous in the mother and ruinous to the child. 

 Anoihcr cause of the evil complained oi; is 

 ofieii attributable to both parent.s, anil lhat is, 'ilie 

 impression, that intelligence is not necessary (i^r 

 a firmer, anil that the dullest and most ignorant 

 boy can look on ami see how his lather inana"es 

 his business, and follow in his footsteps. Aslbr 

 thinking for himself, and judgiuir whether his 

 finher has pursued the best course ; this is out 

 of the question. Hence it is sii|iposed that edu- 

 cation is iiniieci'ssary ; and if a boy can "read 

 and write and cypher," it is abundantly sufiicient 

 for any firmer. 



