^I)c JTarmcr'fl iHontl)h) lUsitor. 



63 



piiterii;il iiilieritaiice sliull come into llieir luiiicls, 

 it will lie ^neutly em idled ojiil biiliMiicecl in \iilue, 

 an<l wiili tlie prospeet of iiii iinlefuiiie iiicieus'e 

 or its lerlililj uiid prodiiotiveiifs!-. F<ic those, 

 ulio possess llie liest ciiltivaleil t'aiiiis. will lie the 

 last to roiiclmle, that there is no room lor I'mlher 

 iiii| loveineiils. Here a iiolile amiiilion will he 

 exiileil. The hoys will work loii^', and work 

 hard; and what is slill lienor, their lahor will lie 

 guided hy iiilellijiein'e and liesiowed with clieer- 

 tulness. Every acre of the Unin will lie hisihiy 

 pi izeil,nnil every acre will he rendireil productive. 

 'J'he meadow will lie clothed in the riche.-t ver- 

 dure, the worn out fields will wave with a luxu- 

 riant harvest; and the harren hill lops, wliicli are 

 unfit for cultivation, will he prodnciriff n growth 

 of Ibrest trees lor future use. Around the clwell- 

 iu^ will he seen an ahmidant supply of Iruits and 

 flowers and relVeshing shade tree.", while the do- 

 niestic animals will rejoice in the plenty with 

 wliicli they are surrounded. 



Let the hoys who are now jirowinfr up in idle- 

 ness, and who are engaged in some calling which 

 odds nolhiiig to the common slock, he Iraineil to 

 honest iudiistry, .■md a suilahle supply of lahor 

 he hestowed on our farms; and the freshness, the 

 richness and the lieauty of Edeii ivonid soon he 

 spread out heliire ns ; aiul we mi;;ht hope for a 

 nearer appruxiiiialion to its iimoceuce. 



And here let me make a suggesiion to farmers 

 on ti.e sulijecl of improvemenls. 1 would not 

 advise tiirmers to try expensive and hazaiihins 

 experiments. When new thiuirs are tried, let 

 them he tried at first on a small scale. Every 

 (iuiiier may. and indeed ought. In try experimeiils ; 

 linl let it lie dune in so small a way, that a fiilure 

 would he ,'iitended with hut little loss. Jii this 

 way, many valunhle discoveries may ne made, 

 without hazard or loss, hut larger and more ex- 

 pensive experiments had heller lie left to men of 

 wealth and science. Such men may experiment 

 extensively, and the con.-equences of a liiilure 

 would he no serious detriu;enl lo them. But here 

 let me say to the farmer, do not ridicule, or try 

 to (liscouraL'e the operations of such men. — 

 Whether snccessfid or noi, their experiments are 

 for your heuefit, and common seiise forhids that 

 you should discourage iheiu. R.ilher carefully 

 examine their operalious; and when they are 

 successful, you can safely follow them; and you 

 can avoid their mistakes, without the trouhleand 

 expense of yourselves trying the same expei i- 

 menl. And even when your wealthy neighiior 

 fa Is, yon may, with your experience and ( lacii- 

 cal common sense, carry out his experiments with 

 the most gr.iliiyiiig resulis. 



The conmion firmer is under great ohiiiralion, 

 and for one, 1 leel that oliligalion, to gemlemeu 

 of wealth, and leisure, and science, who are will- 

 ing to devote their time and money to the iui- 

 lirovement <if our system of agricniliire. And I 

 rejoice that the nnmher ol' such is increasing: 

 and I confidently tru>t, that as the imporlance of 

 agriculture is more felt hy the cominnnity, moi-e 

 men of wealth will engage in it, and agrienltiual 

 science will increase, and our agricultmal re- 

 sources will he more fully developed. 



'J'liis is the husiness on which every other hnsi- 

 ness depends. The farmer feeds every other 

 class of citizen.*, and furnishes ihe raw material 

 for their cloihing. I'ut while I .idvocale the in- 

 teresls of the flirmer, and contend for the dignity 

 of his calling, I would li\ no means speak liglilly 

 of the professional man, ihe manuliielnrer, or the 

 mechanic. All are needed, all are useful niem- 

 liers of society, and while a prosperous agricni- 

 liire is iieces.sary lo their siippoit and comliirl, 

 their prosperity is necessary to the success of 

 agricullure. And I would not in any wise call a 

 hand fiom the loom or the work shop, to follow 

 the plungh. The idlers, and those who are not 

 engaged in some calling which is useliil to the 

 commuiiiiy, are theywhoiri I would srudiow(nk 

 on the farm, if I supposed they wouhl he good 

 finr any thing w hen ihey got there. To the manu- 

 (iictniers and mechanics, we owe no small share 

 of il e interest of our annual shows. 



linniiot close without a word to the ladies; 

 anil if asked, why hut a woid? I answer, lliut 

 till y need most admonition, w ho are farthest from 

 till right w.iy. 



In order lo eli'Vate agriculture to its proper 

 pi ce, y iiir comicenance and your active co-ope- 

 ra ion arc ahsolnti'ly necessary. Be entreuieil 

 nttto Bcowl upon the fanner, though his clothes 



he soiled with dirt, and his hands hear evidence 

 of his toil. Cheer him on in his laliors. Let the 

 young fiirmer know, that he is respected, not ac- 

 cording lo the gracefnluess of his how and the 

 laslefulness of his Hress, hut according to his iii- 

 Itdligence, his industry and his moral worth. And 

 let the young lady he assured, that il she prefer 

 a hrainless daiuly to an iutelligent farmer, she 

 will go through life repenting of her lolly. 



Without the assistance, and especially without 

 the presein-e, of the ladies, our (iiirs iiiiisi lan- 

 guish and .soon entirely fiiil. The products of 

 Ifemale indnslry and of female taste, supply a 

 pl.ice in our annual shows, wlii(di could not he 

 otlnMwise supplied; and without ihe.se products, 

 and without the presence of the ladies, our (iiirs 

 would he a» dull and insipid as the life of a 

 hachelor. 



In conchi.^ion, let the farmer never forget his 

 dependence on Him, from whom comelh "every 

 good gift ami every perfect gift," for his hlessing 

 oil his lahor* ; and let onr hearts rise with the 

 wiirmest gratitude lo Him, who gives "us lain 

 Ironi heaven, and fruitful seasons, filling our iiearts 

 wiih food and gladness." 



Type (^asti.ng IMaciiine. — It is now nearly 

 four cenluiies since I'eter Sclioeffer, who may 

 he regarded as the father <if teller founding, 

 produced his rude types. By what particular 

 process the casting was performed, the history 

 <il the invention doi^s not infoiui us. It is (per- 

 tain, however, ihat for several cenluries, very 

 lilile change or improvement has heen made in 

 the mode of casting, each letter or tyjie heiiig 

 cast hy hand, the matrix heing held in one hand 

 and the liipiid metal thrown in ijuh the oihei-. 



Recenily, however, a very important improve- 

 ment has heen made, not only in tlie mode of 

 casting type, hut in the application of sleam to 

 the process. So much so that we regard the 

 iuveiuion as one of great value in the history of 

 Ihe art of printing, and as destined to lead to 

 important results m ilie cost of type, if not in 

 their qiialiiy and their ahility to resist the pres- 

 sure and wear of power and other presses. 



The improvement lo wliiidi v\e alliule, is a 

 Ti/pe Cnsling Machine, the invention of David 

 Bruce, of the city of New York, but much im- 

 proved, and hronght to its present high state of 

 perlectiou and practical utility hy Mr. O. R. Van 

 Senlhiiysen, of this ciiy. This machine, or 

 rather the wheel hy which it is jiropelled, may 

 he worked hy hand ; hut any nnmher ol' them 

 may he worked hy steam, several of them re- 

 qniiingonly a vigilant overseer or superiutendeni, 

 and Iwo Ol' three children. 'J'liiis, four of these 

 machines, which are small and compact, placed 

 ai convenient distances, in line, may he kept in 

 tiill operation hy one person and three children. 

 The extent of the saving of lahor, and the value 

 of this invention, may he judged of hy a com- 

 parison hetweeii its results and the usual nioile 

 of casting. An expert workman will cast 15 

 type |icr minute with the usual hand matrix. — 

 This machine casts from 5U to 60 per minute; 

 and one person siipei intending lliur of the ma- 

 chines, propelled hy steam, will produce say 200 

 per liiinule. It is at least a sate eslim.ite to say 

 tliat one per.son and thiee children will in this 

 way do the work of leii men, and turn out inore 

 lype per minnle. 



The patentee of this invention is Mr. Wnt. Ha- 

 ger, of New York. The inaiinfactnrer, who, as 

 we have already leinaiked, has much improveil 

 ihe machine and hnuiglit il into practical use, 

 is Mr. O. R. Van Henthnysen, at whose work.<, 

 in the rear of Lydiiis street, several of them jre 

 in admirahle and profitable operation. One or 

 more of them is in opciaiiou, and others orilered, 

 hy Messr.'. I'iggiiis & Co., London ; and they 

 are in use or have been ordered by several type 

 founders in New York, and in oilier .American 

 cities. — Mbany Argus. 



For the Farmer's IVbinlhly Visitor. 

 I spent a few days not long since in a survey 

 of the '• Farmer's Warehnuse " of .Messrs. i). 

 Proiiiy & Co., ]M and 'iO Merchants' Row, Bos- 

 ton. As maunfiKMiirers generally of agricidtnral 

 iiiiplemeuls, these getillemen are eniiiled lo grcal 

 praise for the exquisiie finish of their work. — 

 .Amongst ariicles of imporlance, I saw a very 

 neat harrow — their (ijiks, shovel.s, &c. are re- 



But what most attracted my atteiilion, ami has 

 led me to this communicalion, were llie Ploughs 

 of which they are the inventors. 'I'hey are the 

 pioneers in ihi- implemenl, and have done more 

 than any body else to give il the perli;ciion which 

 it has attained. I have used their ploughs for 

 many years, an<l have seen the work of other 

 makers. It has always heen my opinion that ag- 

 riculture owes these genllemen a great debt. 1 

 am a practical liiriuer, ami may he seen between 

 Ihe plongli handles Irecpieiilly, and feel myself 

 qualified to -jive ihe opinion ihat no plough 

 equals their Centre Dian;;lit Plough. 



A WORKING FARMER. 



For the Fanner's Mmilhly Visitor. 

 Rot in Potiitoes. 



I will state briefly a feiv lijcts in relatinn to the 

 disease in potatoes the last season. 

 * Having a large crop of com, which I had cut 

 up by the ground to ripen in shock, (a way 1 

 greatly prefer,) I was compelled lo let my pota- 

 toes remain in the ground until very laie" in the 

 season — say until .November. When I com- 

 menced pulling, I \'uH\u\ rotten potatoes inter- 

 spersed through the whole field wlili the excep- 

 tion of a piece planted ihe a2d of Jiii e. I culled 

 out ihe rolien, and carried the balance at limes 

 between the first and tenth of November iiiio a 

 cool cellar. This .spring they are as I housed 

 them. I do not see that one has lolled. 1 believe 

 it will be found that the liilcr poiaioes are pulled 

 bet()re the ground is frozen, the belter ihey will 

 keep in the cellar. 



'I'he half acre was pl.inted on the 2"2d of June 

 with rock-weed and vel-gras.i in the hill. There 

 was not a diseased [lot.iloe in the lot. This I at- 

 tributed to the sail in the weed, in direct com- 

 municalion wiili the tiilier.s. The same kind of 

 manure ploughed under deep, by a neiglihor, and 

 the seed plai'ed shoal gave many rotten tubers. 



I remarked in ai. other par.-igraph that I prefer- 

 red cutting up my cnrn and letting it cure in the 

 shock. I do decidedly. There is a gain of ten 

 percent, at least in the yield of corn, and the fod- 

 der is worth double. It is not so easy lo cure Ihe 

 large while corn as it is the hard yellow : — the 

 former requires great care to keep the liuiuld 

 from it. 



Yours, S. 



For llie Fanner's Monthly Visitor. 

 Ashes. 



Nothing in the whole calaloffiie of manures 

 compares, on my lands, with ashf.s. One part 

 of my land lies a sliort disiance from the sea : — 

 anoiiier borders upon it. U|ion either tract, fifty 

 bushels per acre of ashes brings up more clover 

 than twenty loads of b.irn inaimie would do; 

 anil without weeds too — those pesis of accuiate 

 llirmers. 



At the distance of a mile from the sea, I sow- 

 ed, ill the year 1834, tbirly-five bushels of un- 

 leached ashes, upon one acre and a qiiiuter of 

 ground. As the ashes were dry and light, I sow- 

 ed them in calm weather iiy tiaiid, and with as 

 much care as I used in sowing gram. 'I'he land 

 was a very thin clayey loam. 'I'liere was a very 

 handsome crop of clover, and the l.ind has not 

 fiirgotten Ihe application. The dittcrence in the 

 summer, could he seen at the distance of fifty 

 rods. 



I have a siispicioii that guano will not hare tho 

 value here that it has in England. It will in- 

 crease the crop, but not improve the soil, doing 

 what alcohol would do Itir the liiiiiian system. 

 Ashes — ashes — ashes, together with barn ma- 

 nure and composts — "peat and alkalies"— these 

 and no snbstitiiies for me. 



ARATOR, Jr. 



For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. 

 Mr. Editor :— In a cnmniuiiication made to 

 your pa|ier some years ago, I remarked that lioin 

 personal observation, I had come to the conclu- 

 sion, that whilst an American laborer .'omt/i'mcj 

 would do as much work in one day as a Scotch 

 or Eii;;lisli laborer would in two d;iy s, the killer 

 would perlorm the most in .-i >ear. J am pleased 

 10 see this corroborated hy Mr. I'onre of the lii- 

 di.ui Hill Fill 111, in Newburv. Il is not that these 

 latter are slrongeraiul more active, but they "keep 

 stepping" — ihey go all the time, rain or shine. 

 For a slight shower, or at even ihe anticipaiiun 

 of rain, un American laborer ahanrlons his work. 



