i?ri)c iTarmcr's i^tcintl)li) btsitor. 



73 



As tlie iiioiiej', liovvever, whs in gold or Spanish 

 diillars, it ilid not leinove tlie piitiiriil diflicnlly of 

 iiiakin;; chiiMfre in the same cinieiK-y. In "this 

 1)<-M|)lexily, the early seltleis coini:.! cnt money, 

 that is to say, a doMar was cut into lour equal 

 parts, worth twenty-live cents each, or again di- 

 vided for twelve aiul-a-halt" cent pieces. This 

 was soon snpercede<l hy a new and more prorit- 

 nlile emis-ion from the same mint, which lormed 

 an additional qnarter, or two additional eiyhlhs 

 to pay the expense of coinage. This last descrip- 

 tion oC chancre, which was uicUiianied sharp slihiS, 

 from its wedge shape, hecame speedily as re- 

 dundant as were the dimes inJSJI, whVn tliey 

 ceased to pass eight or nine for a dollar, and of 

 conrse equally unpopular. As late as li^Oli, a 

 business house in I'hiladelphia received over otje 

 hundred poirnds of cut silver, hroiight on hy a 

 Kentucky tiierchant, which went up on a dray 

 lo the Iftiited States Wint for coinage, greatly to 

 the loss and vexation of the Western merehant. 

 Smaller sums than twelve and a half cents were 

 given out hy the retailers of goods, in [lins, 

 needles, writing paper, &zc. Barlle, who kept 

 store on tlie site of the Cincinnati Hotel, had a 

 liarrel ofcojiper coins hrought out in 1794, which 

 so exasperated his liroiher store-keepers tliat they 

 had almost mohtied him, and the same feeling of 

 contempt for copper njoney existed in those days, 

 which even yet ex|;oses a store-keeper to insult 

 in offering them lo a certain description of cus- 

 tomers. 



he discovered an Indian making a fire on a rock 

 hy the river bank. Smith saw through the busi- 

 ness at once : the fire was lor a beacon, to guide 

 the landing of a strong party. With unerring 

 aun,lieshot the lone savage, who pitched into 

 the water, and Smith quickly ilirew the fire and 

 Ine-brands after him; and then proceeded down 

 to the (alls, and there he soon kindled another 

 hre on a projecting rock ; and then retiring up 

 the river bank a short distance, awaited the re- 

 sult. He soon heard the songs of a company of 

 warriors, who had discovered the fire, and were 

 steadily paddling towards it in high glee. Smith 

 coul.l l.uiHIy refrain from laugiiing aloud, as 

 they neared the liilal beacon. Their songs were 

 suspended by surprise, at the rapid motion of 

 tlieir canoes, and the lioarse roar of the falls re- 

 vealed too late the dreadful truth. A briefdealh 

 song uttered in savage veils, and the cries of 

 several squaws and papooses, were all that pre- 

 ceded their last and dreadful plunge over the 

 perpendicular falls.— A'. Y. Mechanic. 



A Cruel Stratagem. 



Did you ever hear of "old Smith," that used 

 to live away down east, during the euilv settle- 

 ment of the country now called Maine? Old 

 Smith liad lost several relations hy the hands of 

 the Indians, and had vowed eternal enmity to 

 the whole race. He had been twice taken by 

 the savage tribes, luit had contrived to escape 

 from them, and had killed several of their num- 

 ber. He sought every opportunity to do them 

 mischief in any way. By this course he had be- 

 come so exceedingly obnoxious to the red men, 

 that they would not even kill him directly if they 

 could, but were constantly on the watch lo take 

 him alive for the purpose of satisfying their ven- 

 geance by the infliction of the utmost torture that 

 barbarity could invent. Smith was aware of this 

 disposilion of the savages, and was the less 

 afraid of their bullets. It is reported that Smith 

 was at one time splitting some pine logs for fence 

 rails, and in the ardor of his employment he had 

 neglected his "look-out," till six Indians came 

 upon him with a yell ol exultation. The chief 

 of the party whose name was Wahsoos, seized 

 bim by the arms, exclaiming, "Now Smit! now 

 Smit ! me got you." Sudth saw it would be vain 

 to resist, and assuming an air of couqiosure, thus 

 addressed his captor :—" Now Wahsoos, I will 

 tell you what I'll do; if you will now help me to 

 split open this log, I «i|| iiipii jro yv,i,|, j„j, with- 

 out any resistance, otherwise I will not walk a 

 step, and you will have to caj-ryor kill me." The 

 Indians now having him safe iii their possession, 

 and willing to save ihem-elves trouble, agreed to 

 split the log, if he would tell them how. Sitiiih 

 had already opened the end of the lug with a 

 large wooden wedge, and renewed his blows on 

 the wed^e with a beetle, he directed them to take 

 hold ol the separated parts of the loir, three on 

 each side, and pull wiili all their miglit, while he 

 should <lrive in the wedge. The red men were 

 not without their suspicions, but kept their eyes 

 on Smith's motions, while they pul|.-d at the sim- 

 dered parts of the log. EvJry blow of Smith 

 opened the crevice wider, which enabled the In- 

 dians to renew their hold by inserting their fin- 

 gers deeper into the crevice", when Smith, slight- 

 ly changing the direction of the beetle, struck on 

 the sr.le of the wedge, knocking it out of the 

 log, which closing uitli great force, cau-iht every 

 foe by the hands, save one, who seeing the predi- 

 cament of his coin|)anions, took to his heels; but 

 was quickly brought down by Smith's long'bar- 

 relled gun, which he had kept near him. The 

 other five expected no mercy, and were not dis- 

 appointed. Five blows from Smith's a.\e, silenced 

 their death song. 



A year or more after this affair. Smith was re- 

 turning one evening fiom an excursion, and pass- 

 ed near a bend of the .Androscosgin river, about 

 a mile above the falls, on which tlie Lewiston 

 Mills me now located. It was nearly dark, and 



Lime, Plaster, Salt, and Ashes.— Thron'Hi 

 the C(,lumns of your valuable paper I hope to 

 make known an ex|)erimeiit which I a<lopted la«t 

 season in the ciiliure of corn. In the first i)lace 

 1 ndged my land on the first of May; then I took 

 one bushel of lime, one of plaster, one of salt 

 and one of ashes, and mixed them all well togeth- 

 er; then I dug the hole for the hill, and in each 

 place I put as much of the composition as you 

 could hold in one hand ; then I put the corn on 

 top, and covered it lightly with earth. The effect 

 produced was astonishing. It is also a preven- 

 tive against the grub, and all other insects which 

 inhabit the cornfield. 



I would recommend to those who should hap- 

 pen to try the above process, that if they could 

 not spend time sufficient to put it into the hill, ' 

 to place It on the surface as soon as the corn 

 begins to show itself; and if the laud is in tol- 

 erable condition, I will warrant them an extra 

 crop. 



In planting the corn in which I tried the ex- 

 periment, I skipped now and then a hill in which 

 1 neglected to put in the composition ; and it was 

 perceptible as far as you could see over the field 

 where I put the composition ; but where neg- 

 lected. It was destroyed by the grub in a great 

 measure. 



This composition draws from the atmosphere 

 carbomc acid gas, which is one of the most es- 

 sential properties of matter in the growth of all 

 vegetable productions. Jt also absorbs, on an av- 

 erage, four times its weight in water. 



Upon a dry, sandy soil, it will prevent, in a 

 great measure, the drought which we are sub- 

 ject to III the months of July and Auirust, when 

 moisture is very necessary lor the setting of the 

 e-M-.—Phitad. Sat. Courier. 



same month, which prevents the tree from be- 

 coming bark-boun.l, and gives the inner wood an 



Ileckofov-V ?'"",'.'''"- '" J"lv, I plHced one 

 pe.kofoyser shell lime around each tree and 

 le t It piled about the trunk until November 

 when I dug the lime in thoroughly. The tiT 

 owing year I collected from thos"e trees 1700 

 barrels of frmt, some of which was sold it. 

 New iork for $4, and the balance in London 

 at «J per barrel. Strange as it may appear, tliev 

 are now (1844) literally bending to th'e gi'oun^ 

 with the finest fruit I ever saw, a specitnen of 

 whicli IS before you. The other trees in my or- 

 chard, not treated as above, are barren, next year 

 being their bearing year. 



Dri.mk.— There is no axiom of health more 

 just than that "men never have a true appetite 

 till they can relish any ordinary food." It is told 

 of John Bade.':, who lived to the age of 1^8, that 

 his food consisted of brown bread and cheese 

 and his drink water and milk. He had buried the 

 whole town of Northampton twenty times over 

 excepting three or four, and said"strong drink 

 killed them all. Water manifestly is the natural 

 beverage of all .-.nimals; whole nations, as the 

 Mahometans and Hindoos, use it alone as a bev- 

 erage, ami, unlike other drink, it does not sate 

 the appetite, but the contrary,— indeed, it was 

 observed by Hippocrates, above 2000 years ago, 

 Ihat water drinkers have generally keen appe- 

 tites. It IS a fluid that requires no digestion, for 

 It IS not necessary that it should undergo any 

 change ; it is the natural menstruum which holds 

 in solution what is essential for the nutriiion and 

 healthy functions of the body, and what has be- 

 come refuse after having served its destined of- 

 fice and intention in the animal economy. Wa- 

 ter, tlierefbre, from its congenial qualities, can 

 never much disturb the system, ami when itdoc- 

 It IS speedily expelled by its natural outlets, the 

 skin and kidneys. It is told of Lord Heathfield, 

 so well known for his hardy habiis of military 

 discipline and watchfulness, that "his food was 

 vegetables, and his drink water, never indul'.in"' 

 himself in animal food or wine;" and Sir j'"ohn 

 Sinclair, in Ids work on longevity, say.s, in his 

 account of Mary Campbell, then aged 105. that 

 "she prefers pure water to any other drink." 

 The great captain of the age is remarkable for 

 his temperate and regular habits, his early risiuo- 

 the strength, the clearness of his intellect, and 

 his good health, notwithstanding Ids advanced 

 age. 



Take care of your Apple Trees.— Mr. R. 

 L. Pell, of Ulster county, N. Y., who obtained the 

 gold medal from the American Institute, for the 

 best fruit liirm in the State, gives the following 

 account of his management : "" 



To the Committee on Fruit Trees: 



Gentlemen— Being desirous to compete for the 

 premium to be awarded for the best fruit farm in 

 the State, I offer my mode of managing. 



For some years I have been experimenting ii))- 

 on the apple tree. Having an orchard of 20,000 

 Newton Pippin apple trees, I have found it very 

 unprofitable to wait for what is termed the bear- 

 iiig year, and consequently it has been my study 

 to assist nature, so as to enable the trees to bea"r 

 every year. I have noticed that the Newton Pip- 

 pin bears more ()rolusely ihanany other kind, and 

 consequently requires the inter'n ediate year to 

 recover itself, by extracting fi-oni the atmosphere 

 and earth, the requisites to enable it to proHnce. 

 If unassisted hy art, the iiitei veniiig year must 

 necessarily he lost. If, however, it is supplied 

 with the proper sustenance, it will bear every 

 year. 



Three years ago, in April, I scra[)ed all the 

 rough hark off a few of the apple trees in my or- 

 chard, and washed the trunk and limbs within 

 reach with soft soap, trimmed out all the branch- 

 es that crossed each other, earjy in June, and 

 painted the wounded part wiih white lead, to 

 keep out the moisture, then split open the bark, 

 by running a sharp-pointed knife from the ground 

 to the first set of limbs, in the latter part of the 



Spiiit of the Agricultural Journals. 



Remedy for Blight and Insects on FRtrtT 

 Trees.— Dissolve one pound of soda iii a gtilloii 

 of rain water; shake this up in a bottle with a 

 pint of s|iiiils of tiiifienline, when they will 

 amalgamaio; then by adding more water, make 

 up the quantity to ten gallon.s. It should be ap- 

 plied with an engine liaving a fine hose.— .^jnen- 

 can J}griculturalist. 



Jerusalem Artichokes in Ofichards.— 

 Good crops of these may he obtaineil by planting 

 them in rows two or three feet apart. They do 

 not exhaust the soil like potatoes, and rather"like 

 the shtide. Pcjor land suils them very well, as 

 they have the power of drawing a larger portion 

 of nitrogen from the atmosphere, than any other 

 plant. They pulverize the soil without exliimst- 

 ing it, leaving it in a good condition for crowintr 

 trees.— 7i. " ^ 



Growing Cabbages and Beans together. 



The beans are set in close double rows, with 

 wide intervals between each pair of rows, in 

 which the cabbages are planted in May, and af- 

 ford a most luxuriant crop of green food upon 

 heavy land. — lb. 



To Secure the Fruiting op a Tp.ee.— Se- 

 lect a tree well furnished with blossom buds, 

 just as they are beginning to expand. Take a 

 poiatoe-foik, and with it make holes all over the 

 surface of the space occupied i)y the roots, heav- 

 ing the earth by |>rcssing on the handle, and with 

 this exertion make holes about eighteen inches 

 apart. Having dissolved one ounce of nitre to 

 three gallons of water, fill the holes with the so- 

 lution. No manure must be given. Should, af- 

 ter stoning, the tree appear unable lo sustain the 

 fruit, the following preparation may be applied 

 in the same manner:- To one gallon of blood 

 add one gallon of water and one ounce of pot- 



