84 



®l)e JTarmci's iilciitl)li3 Visitor. 



8an(]s of operatives. Besides this, Newfounil 

 river unites «'iili tlie Peniigewasset at Bristol vil- 

 laee, liaving a fiill of 90 feet at the village in the 

 distance of 50 rods, and 70 feet in two miles 

 above, and when fully used, capable of cre- 

 ating another Nashua. Smith's river unites with 

 the Pemigewasset two mile? below Bristol wilh 

 a fall of more than 100 feet within half a mile of 

 its outlet. But we can proceeil no further, though 

 we have heard of Dolofl"'s falls, and Squam river, 

 and Judge Livennore's water power, all partially 

 improved, but containiiiing far greater capabili- 

 ties. 



Let us now retrace our steps. From Andover 

 to Judge Livennore's in Campion, is a distance 

 of about 100 miles; on an average, an important 

 water power is |)rovided every seven miles; the 

 course of the Winne|iiseogee is about 20 miles 

 before its junction with the Peniigewasset, fur- 

 nishing mill sites at the average distance of every 

 three miles. If the Winnepiseogre, by the oc- 

 cupancy of its water power, can tustain a manu- 

 facturing population of 100,000, the MerrimacU 

 and Petnigewasset can support three times that 

 number, giving on these rivers a population of 

 400,000 sustained directly or indirectly by manu- 

 actnre.s. 



^VlJat a magnificent idea is thus presented of 

 our natural resources 1 Railroads running he- 

 side such rivers cannot fail of success, and a lide 

 over them, where the ear is never beyond the 

 sound of the WiiterCall, nor the eye out of the 

 sight of mills and villages, crowded with a busy 

 population, will offer scenes of enterprise, inilns- 

 try, wealth, intelligence, and comfort, no other 

 part of the country can furnish. 



spects in the same manner. By all means sort 

 your butter as it comes in, for you will he enabled 

 "to have it uniform in the firUiii, a v('ry desirable 

 object in marUet. If any one should send butter, 

 1 hope they will conform to the foregoing sugges- 

 tions, and if il does tiot come into market in goo<l 

 conilition, it will be the first time I have known 

 them to li.il. T. C. PETERS. 



Buftalo, January 14, 181.5. 



Peach Trkks. — At a late meeting of the New 

 York Farmers' Club, among the subjects of con- 

 versation was the preservation of Peach trees, as 

 by tying a small bundle of tobucro al.out the 

 trunk, a little above the ground, the drippings 

 from which destroy the worms at the roots ; or 

 train oil poured round the trunk, or anthracite 

 coal ashes placed there. Tansy was recommend- 

 to he planted rouml the trees as a preventive 

 against worms. Col. Travers, of New Jersey, 

 was of opinion that the ordinary directions for 

 killing the grubs about the trees are unavailing. 

 Digging and niaiuuing are the only appliances 

 that he has found successful. 



A.MMAL Fnon. — The Preservation of animal 

 Food was next talked about. A new process was 

 described by Col. Clarke : It is to place meat in 

 stout iron vessels and e.xhanst them of air. Then 

 the mixture of pickle necessary to preserve it is 

 admitted into the vessels and completely tills up 

 all the pores and openings of the meat. It is 

 said the |)lan has been adopted extensively for 

 the South American market. 



be as fiual to the plant as a similar injury is to 

 the animal. Hence in destroying weeds, more 

 may be done in a little lime, by aiming to cut 

 them off at this vital point, than with tar greater 

 exertion expended in digging them up. Let any 

 one try the experiment of exterminating weeds 

 by the two methods of setting his hoe light, and 

 skimming them ofi' just below the surface of the 

 ground ; and of lahorioiisly digging deep, so as to 

 cut them off f:u' down the roots, and he will 

 come to a conclusion in the matter. — Prairie Far- 

 mu: 



Depth of Roots. — In light subsoils, the roots 

 of trees have been found at a depth of ten and 

 twelve feet. Roots of the Canada thistle have 

 been traced fi or 7 feet below the surface. Wheat 

 in a rich, mellow soil, will strike roots three feet 

 downwards, and much further horizontally. The 

 roots of oats have been discovered 18 inches 

 from the stein, and the long thread-like roots of 

 grass, still further. The fine roots of the onion, 

 being white and easily traced in black soil, have 

 been followed two feet deep. The importance 

 of a mellow soil for these fine roots to penetrate, 

 is obvious. — English paper. 



From the Oliio Cullivator. 

 Butter Making. 

 It rerpiires no particular skill to skim milk at 

 the right time, to churn, to work, salt and pack 

 it. Any sensible woman can do it all and do it 

 well, but still they must lake pains, they must be 

 careful. Careliil to skim the milk before the 

 cream gels bitter ; in wariri weather, to cool the 

 milk as soon as it is strained and before it is set 

 ill puns — no very hard task, but a very important 

 one, as I have learned from my own ex|)erienee. 

 Then they must be careful to eliurii before the 

 cream stands loo long, for if the cream contracts 

 any li.;d tasle it will continue ill the butter. Be 

 carelul to work out all the buttermilk, and work 

 the salt well in. Use none but the purest dairy 

 sail, use it freely ; there is more danger of making 

 the butter too liesli than too salt. II' packed in 

 tho firkin at the dairy, as it always should be, an 

 inch or two of clear strong lirine sliould be put 

 over each layer until it is lilled. If intended to 

 be kept long before bringing to market, the firkin 

 should be put into a cool cellar, set upon end, a 

 small bole bored through the head, a few hand- 

 fulls of coarse salt, not common Salina, but the 

 solar evaporated, put upon llic bead, and the head 

 filled with pure brine. When sent to market, 

 the hole should be plugged up wilh the brine in, 

 and the salt taken off clean. By following these 

 dieections, May butler will he sweet and gooil 

 when May comes again. But observe that the 

 firkin must be thoroughly seasoned, and soaki;d 

 in brine before the butter is p\it in, and that more 

 butter is spoiled in the cream than any other way. 

 In warm weather the cream will become tainte<l 

 before u person is aware. Tliis much for dairy 

 butter. 



Store Bdtter may bo very much improved 

 if the merchant will take more care. He should 

 liavo at least three tubs of pure brine, into w hicb 

 lie should put his butter as he takes it in, washed 

 over carefully, re-salted and packed in tho firkins 



For the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. 

 Meteorological Observations at Concord, 



Taken at siin-ri^c and 2 o^durl; P. M. 

 BY A. CHANDIiER. 



character of Cltiud.^, etc. 



T. 

 F. 

 S. 

 S. 

 M. 

 T. 

 VV, 

 '1'. 8 

 F. 9 

 S. 10 

 S. 11 

 M. 12 

 T. 13 

 \V.14 

 T. 15 

 F. ID 



43 

 C-1 

 51 

 51) 

 48 

 4 

 55 

 70 

 54 

 02 

 35 

 08 

 42 

 75 

 36 

 52 

 34 

 54 

 33 

 G5 

 48 

 87 

 5!) 

 90 

 48 

 71 

 46 

 00 

 02 

 71") 

 40 

 52 



S. 17l4' 

 1.50 



S. 18 47 

 54 



M. 19 .50 



7i; 



T. so] 1)2 

 75 



VV.21 



(ifi 

 3' 

 70 

 45 



r.c 



45 

 G8 

 3f! 



29.fi9 

 .54 

 .41 

 .50 

 .60 

 .65 

 .60 

 .55 



.78 

 30.0S 



.05 

 29.84 



.40165 



.59 08 



.76 



.09170 



.12'6J 



.30,72 



^1' 



S. 



w. 



N. W. 



w. 

 w. 



Si. w. 



N. VV. 

 N. VV. 



S. E. 



56 

 78 

 64 

 75176 

 68 68 

 70l82 

 .81105 



VV. 7 



N. \V. 5 



a. w. 8 



N. W. 2 



— 

 VV. 



S. VV. 9 



W. 9 



N.W. 10 



N. VV. 3 



— 

 N. W. 7 



— 10 



cirro stratus. 



cirrus. 



cirrus. 



cirrus. 



clear. 



cirrus. 



cirro-stratus. 



cirro-stratus, sjjrinkling 



stratus, s[)riul\linfT. 



cirro-stratus. 



clear, li;:lit frost. 



cirrus. 



cirro-stratus. 



'f. 22 

 F. 23 

 .S. 24 

 S. 25 

 M.20 

 T. 27 



\v.a8 

 r. 29 



F. 30 

 S. 31 



.80 

 .64 

 .50 

 .30 

 .2:1 

 .57 

 .62 

 .74 

 .70 

 .50 

 .40 

 .37 

 .43 

 ..55 

 .54 

 ..50 

 .62 

 .72 

 .68 

 .54 

 .55 

 .52 

 .50 

 .50 

 .48 

 .42 

 .28 

 .51 

 ..58 

 .60 

 .53 

 .41 

 .48 

 .01 

 .72 

 .87 



S. 



N. 



N.W. 3 



— 



— 



— 

 S. E. 2 



— 

 VV. 4 



— 

 N. VV. 2 





 S. E. 2 



— 



— 



— 



— 

 N. E, 

 N. E. a 

 N. E. 2 

 N. E. 2 

 S. E. 1 

 N. E. 1 



— 

 N. VV. 3 



— 

 S 



— 

 l\. VV. 3 



_ 

 N. W. 2 



— 

 N. VV. 2 



N. V\'. 5lcirro-stratus. 



— 10 

 N. VV. 5 



— 10 



— 10 



— 10 



— 10 



— 10 



— 5 



— 10 



— 10 

 N.W. 10 



N. 10 



— 10 



— 10 



— 10 



N. W. 3 

 — 

 N. W. 3 

 N.W. 2 

 N. VV. 2 

 \V. 4 



— "I 

 N.W. 4 i\. VV 

 N.W. 2 N.W 



N. VV. 



W. 2 



W. 3 



— 

 72 .=). W. 2 



— (1 

 S. 4 



S. W. 1 



S. W. 3 



— 



N.IT.W. 4 



— 

 N. W. 1 



stratus — 1 inch moist snow. 



cirro-stratus. 



cirro-stratus. 



cirro-stratus. 



dense foe. 



cirrus, snioliy. 



cirrus, smolty. 



— Sjcirrus, smoky. 



— 5 cirrus, srnolcy. 

 cirrus, smoky, 

 cirro-stratus, smoky, 

 cirro-stratus, smoky, 

 cirro-stratus, 

 sprinkling of rain, 

 shower of rain, 

 cirro-stratus, 

 cirro-stratus, 

 cirro-stratus, 

 cirro-stratus, 

 spriuklinj! of rain. 



— lOJiuiulcrate rain. 



— 10 rained all day. 

 N.W. 10 Utralus. 



N. VV. 3 cirio cumulus. 



— 10 cirro-stratus, sprinlding. 



— 5lcirro-stratus. 

 fosuy. 



cumuto-stratus. 

 clear. 



c.-st., Inird slu)w*r in eve. 

 cirrostratus. 

 cirro-stratus, 

 cirro-stratus. 



cirro anil cumnlo-stratus. 

 rro and cumulu stratus, 

 cumulo-stratus, 

 cirro-stratus, 

 cirro-stratus, 

 clear, 

 cirrus, 

 clear, 

 cirrus. 



cirro-stratus, sprinkling, 

 stratus, li^ht rain, 

 stratus, sprinkling, 

 cirro-stratus. 



clear, hard frost this morJl. 

 ha/.y. 



.«. W. 9 

 S.VV. 10 



— 10 

 s.v.w. 1 



— 



— 



The Great Pestilence. 



The most awful pestilence which is known to 

 have visited the human family, was that which 

 broke out i?l the year 1345. 



This disease, bke the cholera, made its first ap- 

 pearance in India iiiid other parts of Asia. Med- 

 ical si-ience waslheii at a very low slate. It rav- 

 aged the East wiiha virulence vastly greaterthan 

 the cholera By a report liirnislied the Pope, 

 w hose throne was then seated iit Avingnon, it is 

 reported that nearly twenty-four millions of souls 

 perished in the East during one year. 



It soon crossed over into Greece and Italy with 

 unmitigaleil mortality. In Venice one hundred 

 thousand are computed to have ilied, and sixty 

 thou.sand in Florence. It marched onwards with 

 terrific fury into France, Germany, &c. In the 

 most favored disiricts, two out of every three per- 

 sons died. In m.-my places, fburleeii to sixteen 

 out of twenty. In some disiricts not a single male 

 adidt survived. In Germany millions perislted. 

 At Lnhec, in that empire, tifteen hundred per- 

 sons died in four hours! In August, 1348, it 

 retiched England, and entered London on the 1st 

 day of No\emher. 



Many writers have described it on that Island, 

 as well as other parts of Europe. It is recordeil 

 that in the Church yard of Yarmouth, a small 

 town, 7052 hodit's were iiitered in one year. In 

 Norwich, .'):),474 perished in six months! A 

 great field was bought near London, to bury the 

 dead in. Alier the pestilence had gone,a monu- 

 ment was raiseil over the grave '■ where dwelt 

 the multitude," wilh an inscription in Latin, which 

 when translated was nearlv as follows: — 

 A. D. 1340 

 Consecraleil lo the memory of 

 Fifty Thousand Souls, 

 whose inoital remtiins 

 were interred on this Spot 

 dining the Great Pesti- 

 lence, May God 

 have mercy on 

 their Souls. 

 Amen. 

 Excnctly one year after its appearance, it cens- 

 ed in Engliind, but its cfl(:cts were dreadfully 

 fett, not only there, but through all Europe. — 

 The oxen, the sheep and other cattle wander- 

 ed over the country wilhotil a care taken, and 

 perished in great numbers. The harvest was lost 

 in the fields, because there was none lo reap it, 

 and famine filled up ihe measure of this awfiil 

 visitation. Tlie poor Jews partook of the last 

 dregs of the unef|iialled calamity. The ii'uorant 

 populace of that savage period, believed they had 

 poisoned llie waters, luul fell upon lliem wilh un- 

 remitted cruelty, niassacreing and burning many 

 thonsiind of that devoted ruee. 



How TO Kii.t, Wkk.ds.— Vegetable physiolo- 

 gists know that the point of junclion between ihe 

 roots and lop of a pliint sustains vi^ry important 



^ relations to lh(3 life of il. It is called the neck— 



directed lor tho dairv, and' managed in nil re- 1 from the fact that injury, inflicted there, is opt to 



Diseases of Cattle. — Colic. — Ono pint of lin- 

 seed oil, mixed with 1 i oz. laiidamim. Diarrhaa. 

 — give half tin ounce of powdered calechu, ten 

 grtiins of poudi-reil opium, in ii little gruel. — 

 Hove or lioven — use the el.islic tube : as a |)re- 

 vcnlive, let them bo well supplied with common 

 sail, and restrained linm rapid feeding, when tiist 

 feeding on rank glass or clover. .Vdtg'e — hall" a 

 poiiiul of black hrimstone,quarterof a pint ofllir- 

 pentine, one pint of Iraiii oil. Mix them logetb- 

 er, and rub them well in over the affected pane. — 

 .Milk fvvcr or giirget — two ounces of brimstone, 

 two ounces of diapenle, one oiiiico of cunimin 

 seed powdered, one ounce of powdered nitrate. 

 Give this daily in liltlo gruel, luidwell rub the 

 udder w illi a little goose grease. Murrain — half 

 u pound of salt, two ounces of bruised coriander 

 seed, one ounce of gentian powder; give llieso 

 in a little water. Poisons sw allowed by oxen are 

 ctmimouly iIm! yew, the wort, and ihe commnn 

 and the water hemlock; one and a hall pint of 

 linseed oil is the best remedy. Purge for pais- 



