QL\)C iTavmcr'p i^lontl)lri llisitor. 



93 



to all kiixl of imposters. The fury of the insult- 

 ed uiaid was as violent as had hoen her passion, 

 and the hiack leirs, face and aruis of herqnoudaui 

 lover atletiled to it. In Ine syncope state liillow- 

 iiif,', it uas disclosed li) the '■ (dd uii" that her 

 weildiufr day had Ixieii uppoiiited, and the wud- 

 i\ui£ dress prepared. 



Stabi.es. — As all farjiicrs keep horses, they 

 should know how to lodge them, and do it well. 

 U'e propose to give our views of w hat should 

 bo a frood stahle. Light aiul ventilalioii are of 

 the first importance. In the present nuiid)er 

 we will speak of the proper lighting,' of stahle.s. 

 If they are not lisilited at all, the horse's eyes 

 are weakened, so that he cannot endure liglil 

 wlirn exposed to it, and the longer the confme- 

 nicnt the greater the inahilily ; l)Ut it Is equally 

 iinportaut to light |)roperly. IMany a horse has 

 been hiiiided hy the improper admission of 

 light, or its excdusion. The window admit- 

 tiiig it shoidd not lie placed hefore the hor.■^e : 

 A sii'eam of light coming iu through a small ap- 

 erture, and especially if from the direclion of 

 the suu, tries the eye most severely— the smaller 

 the window and the larger the stahle, the worse 

 the ertect. If the light come in directly iu front, 

 then hy contrast the space hefore the horse on 

 which the light does not fall is dark, and the eye 

 is rendered incapahle of adapting itself to the 

 faint light ou the places where the light does not 

 directly fall, hy reason of the couti'aclion of the 

 pupil. Ill the (lark of twilight, the juipil is dila- 

 ted ; in the light, coiitraded ; and the more in- 

 tense the light, the greater the contraction. For 

 these reasons, the light shoidd not strike the eye 

 in front when the horse is in the stahle. If the 

 window be in front of the horse, he is continu- 

 glly gazing out at it, and thus prevented taking 

 his rest properly. Again, the light should not 

 come in fi'om one side, as one eye is dilated and 

 the otiier contracted. This in the end leads to 

 ihfliirent capahilities of the two eyeii. 



The light should enter the st.ahle at the rear of 

 the horse. In single rowed slrUiles this is very 

 easily arranged where the stahle will admit it, 

 by bringing in the light from the opposite side 

 I'rom Ihe stalls ; hut this cannot be done in double 

 rowed stables. In such there is but one way to 

 light them properly, and that is from the roof. 

 l>ut the aduiis.-ion of light in this manner is 

 best in all stables. The light is diffused and 

 8nb(hie<l ; it reaches every part of the stable. 

 The horse cannot look out. — The eyes are dila- 

 ted and eoiiiratced alike. 



Horses have eyes defective and liable to de- 

 rangement as well as man. Ihuice shying and 

 various defects in horses growing out of their 

 visions. Then care should be taken not to in- 

 crease the difficulty. It is said that horses thrive 

 best in the dark! — When a horse is brought 

 from a dark stahle to the open air he sees indis- 

 tinctly ; he stares; carries his head high and 

 steps high. Well, if be fits more raipdiy, he 

 grows hiind at the same time. Dark staliles 

 are always dirty ; for lazy men will not clean out 

 what is not seen. Dark stajiles are the resort of 

 the dishonest dealer to cover defects. A stahle 

 at best is a had restraint upon a horse; then 

 make it as good as possible. Let not the horse 

 be blinded as well as injured otherwise. 



The window shoidd he large, and be made to 

 open and shut, and so arranged as to light the 

 whole stable equally. Such windows serve a 

 double purpose — they give light, and sweeten and 

 purify the air. — Jlmerican Agriculluiisi. 



From the New American G;irdencr. 

 InocuI.itioQ, or Budding. 



"The object In budding is the same as in graft- 

 ing, and depends on the same principle; all the 

 difference between a bud and a scion being that 

 n hud is a shoot cr scion in embryo. 



" Aihmnlciges of hudd'mj^. — Builded trees are 

 generally two years later in producing their fruit 

 th.in grafted ones; but the advantage of buddiutr 

 is that, where a tree is rare, a new plant can be 

 got from every eye ; whereas by grafting it can 

 only be got from every three or four eyes. There 

 are also trees which propagate much more readi- 

 ly by budding than grafting; and others, as most 

 of the stone fruits, are apt to throw out gum 

 when grafted. When grafting has been omitted, 

 or has tailed, in spring, budding comes in as an 

 auxiliarv in suintner. 



" Season of budding. — The operation of com- 

 mon budding is perliirmed any lime (i-om the be- 

 ginnlug of July to the middle of Aiignsl; the 

 crileriiui being the foiination of buds in the ax- 

 lllie of the leaf of iIh; present year. The buds 

 are known to he ready hy tlie shield oi' portion 

 of hark, to which they are attached, easily part- 

 ing with the wood. 'I he buds preferred are gen- 

 erally those on the middh; of a young shoot, as 

 being neither so apt to run to vvood as those at 

 the extremity, nor so apt to lie dormant as those 

 at the lower end. In some cases, however, the 

 buds from the middle and extremity of the shoots 

 are to be rejected, and those taken which are at 

 the base of the annual shoots, as Knight (Horl. 

 Trans, vol. lii. p. 13.")) liiund In the case of the 

 walnut tree. Scallup budding may he perform- 

 ed in the spring, or at any season. 



'^ Storks for budding, niuy,\a general, lie much 

 smaller than for grafting, its the operation may 

 be performed on the same yetu's shoot. But it 

 may also he performed ou slioots or stems of sev- 

 eral years' growth, imd in such, by Inserting a 

 number of buds, a complete tree may be formed 

 at once. Scalloj) biKlding may he perfojrned ou 

 trees of considerable age. 



" Choice of buds. — For grafting the shoots con- 

 taining the buds, a cloudy day, or an early or late 

 hour, should he chosen, on this jirinciple, that the 

 leaves, being at these periods In a less active state 

 of perspiration, suffer less from being sejiarated 

 li'om their parent plant. They are preserved 

 li-esh, and may be sent a great distance by insert- 

 ing their ends in water or moist moss ; though In 

 general they should he used as soon after gather- 

 ing as possibli! ; indeed, as In grafting and in 

 arching, the whole operation should be perform- 

 ed with tlie greatest celerity. 



" Kinds of buddinsr. — Professor Thoinn enume- 

 rates twenty-three species and varieties of bud- 

 ding; but we shall here describe only four, of 

 whicli but one variety Is in general use iu Brit- 

 ain. 



•' Shield-budding, or T budding. Is thus jierform- 

 ed:— Fix on a smooth part on the side of the 

 stock, rather from than towards the sun, and of 

 a height depending, as in grafting, whether 

 dwarf, whole or half standard-trees are de-ired ; 

 then, with the budding-kniiti, make a horizontal 

 cut across the rind, quite through the firm wood ; 

 from the middle of this traverse cut, make ;; slit 

 downward, perjiendicnlarly, an inch or more 

 long, going also quite through the wood. This 

 ilone, proceeil with all expedition to take off a 

 bud; holding the euiiing or scion in one hand, 

 with the thickest end outward, and with knife In 

 the other hand, enter it about lialf an inch or 

 more below the bud, cutting near half way Inio 

 the wood of the shoot, continuing it with one 

 clean slanting cut, about half an inch or more 

 above the bud, so deep as to take off jiart of the 

 wood along with It, the whole about an inch and 

 a half long; then, directly, with the thumb and 

 linger, or point of the kiiih; slip olT the %voiidy 

 part remaining to the bud; which done, observe 

 whether the eye or germ of the bud remains per- 

 fect ; if not, and a little hole ajipears in that part, 

 it is improper, or, as gardeners express it. the bud 

 has lost its root, and another must be prepared. 

 This done, placing the back [i.-irt of the bud or 

 shield between your lips, exjieditiously, with the 

 flat haft of the knife, sepaiate the hark of the 

 stock oti each side of the (icrpendicnlar cut, 

 clear to the wood, for the admission of the bnd, 

 which directly slip dow n, close between ih"? wood 

 and bark to the hollom of the slit. The nextoji- 

 aralion is to cut off the top part of the shield, 

 and protrude granulated matter between It and 

 the wood, so as to effect a living uiiiun. 'i'lie 

 parts are now to he immediately bound around 

 with a ligament of fresh bas.s, previously soaked 

 In water to render it pliable and tough, beginning 

 a little below the lioltoiii of the perpendicular 

 slil, proceeding ii|iwiu-d, closely round every part, 

 exce|it just over the eje of the hiiil, and continue 

 it a little above the horizontal cut, not too tight, 

 but just sutficient to keep the whole tight, anil 

 exclude tJie air, sim and wet. 



" Scallop-bmlding consists in pairing a thin, 

 tongue-shaped section of hark from the side of 

 the stock ; and in taking a similar section (roni 

 the shoot of buds. In neither case removing the 

 wood. The section or shield containing the bud 

 is then laid on the corresponding .scallop In the 

 8tock ; Its upper edge exactly fitted, as in sliieid- 



budding, and at least one of Its edges, as In whip- 

 grafting. After this, it is tied In the usual way. 

 The advantages of this mode aie, that it can be 

 [lerformed when the wiiod and bark do not sepa- 

 arate freely; on trees having very stiff, thick, 

 snberose (cork-like) harks, and at any season of 

 the year. Its disadvantages aie, that It requires 

 longer time to perform the opiMatioii, and is less 

 certain of success. The l-'rcMich ganleners often 

 hud their roses in this m.-mner in spring; and If 

 they fail, tli(!y have a second chance in July, by 

 using the common mode. 



'^Budding ivith double liguliires is a mode in- 

 vented by Knight, and described hy him [Horl. 

 Trans, vol. I. p. ]i)4) as "a new and expeditious 

 mode of hndding." The opcuiitioiis are perform- 

 ed In the manner first above described; but. In- 

 stead of one ligature, two are applied, one above 

 the hud Inserted on the transverse section through 

 the bark; the other, which had no further ofiice 

 than that of securing the bud, was applied below 

 In the usual way. As soon as the buds had at- 

 tached themselves, the lower ligature was taken 

 off, but the otheis were suffered to remain. 'The 

 |)assage of the sap iqiuards was, iu consequence, 

 much obstructed, iuid the inseited buds began to 

 vegetate strongly In Jidy, (being inserted In June;) 

 and when these had afforded shoots about four 

 Inches long, the remaining ligatures were taken 

 off to permit the excess of sap to pass on, and 

 the young shoots were n.iiled to the wall. Being 

 there pro|ierly exposed to the light, their young 

 wood ripened well, and afforded blossoms in the 

 succeeding spring ; and these would,' lie advls, 

 • no doubt have afi'orde<l fruil ; hut that, leaving 

 my residence, I removed my trees,' &c. 



'•Future treatment. — In a fortnight, at furthest, 

 after budding, such as have adhered may be 

 known by their fresh appearance at the eye ; and 

 in three weeks, all those which have succeeded 

 will be firmly united with the stock, and, the 

 p;uts being somewhat swelled In most species, 

 the bamlage must be loosened, and, a week or 

 two afterwards, finally removed. The shield and 

 bud now swell In coninion with the other parts 

 of the stock ; and nothing more reqiiires to he 

 done till sprinir, when just beliire the rising of the 

 sap, they are to he headed down close to the bud, 

 liy an oblique cut, terminating about an eighth or 

 a (juarter of an inch above the sliield. In soiric 

 cases, however, as in grafting, a few inches of 

 the stock is left for the first season, and the 

 voung shoot tied to It for protection from the 

 "wii.ds." 



Mr. Abner Landrum mentions a mode of treat- 

 ing the stock, and recenlly inserted bnd, some- 

 wliat diflfercnt from that of Mr. Knight's method 

 of using a strong ligature above the inserted hud; 

 he adopts the following: — As soon as it can be 

 ascertained that the bud will live, which he says 

 may he In about a week. If the stock be small, 

 let It be nistantly lieaded d<iwn, just above the 

 hud to be nourished. If the stock be large, am- 

 putate the principal branches; .■u)d the conse- 

 quence will be an immediate bursllng of all the 

 latent buds, together with the inoculated one. 

 As the inoculated blanches multiply, diminish 

 the original one till nothing leniaius but the new 

 tree. 



Mr. Biiel, of Albany, in a note to A Treatise on 

 Gardening, written hy Mr. Arinslrong, says, "The 

 modern, and, from experience, I do not hesitate 

 to call it the best, method, Is to insert the bnd 

 ivithont separating the icooil fromil. 1 have bud- 

 ded, the two last years, in jiwn-. If thus Insert- 

 ed early, and ihe stocks headrd down when liga- 

 tures are removed, the liiuls often make half a 

 year's growth the same season, and are not so 

 apt to snfli'r from the severiiy of the winter, as 

 those which remain dormant." 



Anecdote of <^eu. Lee. 

 Gen. Lee was rcin.iikahly slovenly in hisriress 

 and manners; and has often by his appearance 

 been subject to ridicule and insult. He was once 

 attending General Washington to a place distant 

 from the camp. Riding on, he arrived at the 

 house where they were to dine, sometime before 

 the rest of the company. He went directly to 

 the kitchen, and demanded soiuetbing to cat; 

 when the cook, taking him lor a servant, told him 

 she would give him \ ictiials in a moment, hut he 

 must first help her take off the pot. This he 

 complied with, and sat down to some cold meat, 

 which she ]ilaced for him on the dresser. The 



