106 



^l)c iiinnei's iHontl)li) lUoitor. 



tlifii- liiiid, where o|)|.orliiiiily exists, miil il i 

 Aiiii-Ciiin L;i>v League imiy vi.-iii oilit-r rdiinuify, 

 wIkisi- luar ot' our expo'tations will tln'ii \n- nrriil 

 Foi- il. is i|iiile clear, tliM if all tlie hiiiil in tliif 

 I'duntiy tliiit leiinired it, were perd-clly (Ir.iilieil 

 unci ciiliiviitiMl, we slioulil lie (jiiile as aide to ex- 

 port our Miperfluoiis eorir niid ineal as inir siiper- 

 nlpiiiiilaiit cotton; a result Hevoiitly lo he wislieil, 

 when we coiisiiler ihe eft'ecl of ample fooil and 

 einploycMMit lo onr lahoi iiit; population in a inoriil 

 pliNsic.il, anil so<>i.cl point of view — to say iiolli- 

 inu ol the innuense p(-cnniary advaijlajje of ein- 

 ploviiiL'onr capital at home, instead of leiuliii;; 

 it to other nations, to ei'ahle them to compete 

 wiih our own already insnfficieiitly employed 

 counli) men. 



1 am. Sir, 



Your oliedient Servant, 



J. J. MECHI. 

 P. S. As ten pounds jier acre is deemed ex- 

 trava^'anl hy the t^ssex jjenllemen t'ov peniirineiit 

 ih'airiai^e, the Hillowing calciilaiioiid will prove it 

 to he the cheapest: 



Twelve scorp rfuls per nrrc, done temfKirn- 

 rinly wilh !>ru(ls, bushes. Ice, al £1 per 

 ncre, {Mtcutnlei] in UhI ten ye.rs — 

 Inlerest on £-1. at 5 |jer cent., 

 I'rincip.i) sunk in ten years is 8s. per 

 year, 



Annu.T I rti.irge, 

 Interest on my permanent druinins at 5 per 

 cent. — 



Aamiftl cti:vrge, 



d. 



4 

 8 



12 



10 



Annual saving per acre in KiTfir of my 



plan, 2 



We find, dmiiif; the lasl iveek, that wliilst the 

 stone tiiid pi)«' drained jiait of one field is per- 

 fi'Ctly ilry ami friaWIe, (he seiid-draiiiod part of 

 the same field, dune the sane depth, dislaiu^t;, 

 &c., (ahoiil three ai'ies,) is a liirtnighl Inter in its 

 dryinjr. This is an iiiiportaiit fact worth nolin;:, 

 the soil heiiii,'exa(^lly the same. It is well known 

 lliat after six or sevei> years, the scud and hush 

 ilrainiiif; hecomes aniinally less and less efti'c- 

 tive. If so, how pre-eminent must he the per- 

 vinnenl draiiiiiiijs in jznin as well as in saving! 



I Mill say nothing,' of the i-alcnhnioii that one 

 extra sack of ori/.t w<inld p:,y this draiiia^'e charf;e, 

 hesides twenty olher ailvaiila^es that miyht he 

 named. Somi limes a irhole crop di'pends on a 

 i/ni/ or tim — wiliiess the clover seeds of 1842, 

 rarleil into the \ji:nls for m«"i/rf, all for want of 

 draina>;e, which uoiilil have matured them a week 

 or fortnight earlier. 



I.F.TrER III. 



4, I.KAnK.MlAI.I. .Sthket, 

 Loiiilnii, June J]//i, 1844. 



Sir: — With refercnci: to my Improvements at 

 'I'iprnF.F. Ham, (ihe expenditure of £tj^00 on a 

 Farm of l.'iO acres that only cost il'\l',Q as ex- 

 plaiiie<l in my two former letliMs,) I am fn con- 

 slaiilly told, in tones varyiiif; from tlouhl and pity 

 to ridicnie .iiid censure, ihal ''It never can pay," 

 — " Von « ill never sec jonr money a;.'aiii"' — "Yon 

 are a h.iM iiian" — " Il is impossihie it imii answer, 

 the cost is h.o •;rral," and soon — that 1 musteii- 

 dc.ivor to till np ilie oiillim; of my plan with ile- 

 t.;ils. and tr\ lo rrpnvince those wliosi^ compre- 

 llen.■^ion of my success is impeded hy prejudices, 

 ihi- naliirat result of Inn^ estahlislicd nsaue.s, 

 whose coniinnily would almost pn-chide a ijnes- 

 tion as lo ilicir propriety. 



IMost (d' my operations are .ipproved id" sepa- 

 rately, liiil Iheic is a dre.-id ol the sum lol;il, as 

 il' what wer:; imlividuMlly ri^jlit could iit- collect- 

 ively wroii;;. 



I shall .-liow, then, 



Isi. Ilovv ihe i'"arin is to pay me, as Landlord, 

 an addilional rem <d .C240 per .•inniim, with an 

 increasi'd heiiefii lo the 'J'uiiant as compared with 

 his liirmer holding'. 



'2d. 'I'lii; inlriidi'd course of eriipjiiii^', stocking;, 

 ami ntan:(;L,'ement (d' the I'^arnt. 



:id. I will remnrk on the «ejik points in the 

 prc^rnl slati: of land and system ol fiirnnn};. 



4lli. J shall sohiiiii il fc'vv (Lteneral oh.'iervalions 

 on the noii-ap|ilication ol'capilal to land; and on 

 ihc importance of aiiilciihiirnl improveiiKMits in 

 an eeonomical, soi-ial, and olher points of view. 



It is on!) jiistiei' lo remark, that I am liirlnnaii 

 in having lor my Tenant a man of temper, in 

 tejiriiy, and inlelli;,'eiice, who, with dunhlsut (ii.-: 

 as to th" correctness of my views,. mud with an 



nnexpiied lease of five years, assisted zealutlsly, 

 iiiilhfnlly, and at no .sm.ill personal tioiihle, in 

 cairyin:.' out to the letter my various iiiidertak- 



IllffS. 



In making the followin;r estimates, I have ad- 

 hered sirictly to matters of fact, which I am pic- 

 pared lo discnss and snhst.mliale. J have e.i- 

 pressly imdervalned the lienelits, hecanse I know 

 iiow suspiciously and sceptically my statement 

 will he si;rmiiiized hy those whose minds are pre- 

 occiipii'd hy donhts and prejudices, rather than 

 hy cak'iilation. 



STATEMENT OF GAI."< OR SAVING. 



10 



21 6 



21 



i!0 



10 



15 



20 



UX) 



200 Trees removed — estiaialeil to damage by 

 iheir riint.^- and by their slrLcle, Is. e.ich. . 

 9.W Line.ir Hiids (5^ yards each) '<\' reinuved 

 Binks and Kence.< (Ditehes filled up,) av- 

 eraf^iiig ivvo yards vvnle — some were tour 

 yards wide, but the difl'erence is set off 

 ay.iin^l a (ew new dilcii'-s. Il is estima- 

 led that (aril red ot* Ihcse tcnces and 

 b.ifiks dania^i'd G(/ by their n-ots, llieir 

 stiadi*, their eMeuura;;enienl ol' weeds and 



verm in 



1-Glll saved in horse labor and wear. (This, in 

 tlie Trizc ICssay olllie Royal Agrieullnral 

 .Si ciely's Journal, vol. iv., p.irt 2, p. 3ri6, 



is estimated at l-4th) 



l-8th ditto in Manual labor 



J^even Acres gained in Fences, Banks, DiLeii- 

 es, Bug, and Waste, which produced no- 

 thing, but cost the Tenant, Kent, Kates, 



Tithes. &c., 36s. peracre 



Profi.i in culltv.ition of the above seven acres, 



at 1 j.s. per acre 



105 Qn.irlers of Wheal, llirashed by machine, 

 g.on in quantity l-2Sth, or 2s. perquarter. 



150 Ditto Son 111^ Corn, at Is 



Saving Ml Tliaichiiig. removing blacks and 



Straw. \\ .Isle by Birds, &c 



Liquid Manure Tank, calculated to contain 

 liO.OUO gallons, bill we only reckon up -n 

 20.000 gallons, at 50.». per thousand (each 

 lOUO gallons being equal lo4 cwl. guano) 



Improved quality ol' solid nyinure 



Increased vilui; ot Slock, by warnilh, dryness, 

 •and diloinislied consumption ol food.... 

 General Increase on 90 seres ol Corn and clo- 

 ver crops, arising from perfect drainage, 



at U. per acre 



Saving III qiianlity ol' seed sown 



Twentv Acres llial used to be long lallowed, 

 ot an expense ol' 3/. per acre now calcu- 

 lai'. d to p.iy their expenses, if not a profit, 



hy iiean or root crops 



A iirsl-rate House lu live in. with every com- 

 f'iirl and convenience — the lower rooms 

 eleven ieet liiuh, Ihe bjd rooms len feet 

 high and convenient rooms I'ur the Bulitf. 

 (The Ten. ml eonid not reside in tlie old 

 dilapidated hovel, which was dinip. un- 

 licalthy, and caused several deaths b) le- 

 ver)..... 



£128 2 



To slim lip, whereas the former irross animal 

 relnrn of the Farm «as under £.5 peracre, «e 

 shall try to 'increase it to £10 pei tiere. 



To this ought he addeil several coniiiif^i'iit ad- 

 vaiitajres, of i-onsideralile value, hnl not so easily 

 rednced lo fij^'ires. 



1st. The being able to lat at least 100 lo 150 

 sheep more than Inlore, of a heiter '|ii.ilily, and 

 earlier l;imh.-. I'lie leniiiii coiilil breed, Iml never 

 tlioiHMigiily liiiien a lambor sheeji on the I'^ariu in 

 its (ornn'r cold, wet and exposeil >ia'e, willi its 

 liomesle.id open to llie coning lioitli-east winds, 

 wiihool •;nners or drainage. 



'.id. 'I'he taciliiy of cooking and sieamin^ food, 

 and Ihe ecimnmy of several acres that were re- 

 ipiired for Horse Food, hy growing Lucerne, 

 fares, &c. 



.'M. The very iiiipottanl henefit of early sow- 

 ing and harvi-sting. We reckon we shall f;.iiii at 

 least a foiinighl ill hoili, as proved last year, with 

 snperioril\ ol' sample, and avoidance ol'a calchy 

 week in September. 



4ili. A pcrlict independetute (hy onr ellicient 

 drainage) of n very wet season, which has often 

 iiiined the cio|i« o.ii lUi.s Farm; witness I84'J, 

 when the oals y'lelded hut tlij"ee (pi.-irtios two 

 liiisheds per aero, and an inferior sample. 



Liisily, riie ngreeahle feeling of having a com- 

 plete I'arm, with good Koads, comfoitahle llmne- 

 stead, and good ('rop.<, mslead of Ihe former di- 

 l.ipidaled, Ixjjjjjarly, and povorly-strncU land and 

 preiiiisi's. 



The saving of Horse and Maimal Labor iscon- 

 sidiiahly miderrated, w lien \oti consider the rea- 

 dy enmiiiniiieaiion with each part of ihi" Farm, 

 the aholilioii of all sliorl lands, the facility of 

 idonghiiig or caiiiii;,' ai almost any time with less 

 power, the land being firm iiiid mellow, iiiiiteud 



30 



of piiity-und-paste-like ; — no idle days in wet o 

 cold weiither, there being emplovment under 

 cover for men and horses, j^rinding, ihaft'-cuttinsj, 

 or tlir.ishin!,'; — the tiicility, at harvest, of drawing 

 the loaded carta into the hays of onr large barn, 

 and ;it onc-e depositing the' sheaves ;--tiic ease 

 wilh which they are trainferred from both barn 

 and stacks to the tbreshing maidiine, the straw 

 being delivered by the maclmie into a gallery over 

 the very sheds, yards and stable-, where il is re- 

 (piircd;^iio time lost or accidents in leading 

 horses or cattle to waler, llieru being tanks in ev- 

 ery yard, and a yard to every stable — .dl the 

 tanks filled siiniiltaiieonsly from a single pump. 

 There is another nilvantage of whirli no v. dila- 

 tion is taken, I mean the Fanner or BiildF's lime ; 

 whilst writing up his aci-oimts or arranging his 

 plans, by stepping from one room to the olher, 

 he can at once see every man, hoy, horse, or 

 sheep, (Ml any part of the P''arm, except ahoiit 

 four acres. .Any accident, mistake, neglect, mal- 

 Ireatiiient, or pilfering, is perceptible at ;i glance. 



THE COCRSE OF CROi"I"l>G 



Will be regulated by marketsaiid circnmslaiices. 

 It may be slated generally, that on the heavy land 

 wheat will alternate with lieans and a little (do- 

 ver a' d tares: and on tlii! light land barley suc- 

 ceeded by rye lor feed, ami then rool.s, so as lo 

 have one corn crop, one green crop, and one root 

 crop in two years. Should flax or Indian crirn 

 be found profitable, we may grow them. It is 

 intended lo adopt Mr. Ilewilt D.ivis's excellent 

 practice (which is Jetliro Tidl's revived) of a si nail 

 rpiantiiy of seed with wide intervals. For car- 

 rying out this, no instrniiieiit .'ippears so well 

 sniled as Newberry's Dibhiing Muchine, wlrtch 

 will deposit three pecks per acre of vsheat Jaiid 

 other corn in proportion) at intervals ofsi\ inch- 

 es in the row. and the rows twelve inches from 

 each other, (beans, |>eas, and roots we mean to 

 place twenty-seven inches beiwecn the row.s.) — 

 My affording a snfiicient space for freipieiit hoe- 

 ing and cl< aning, this will do a^^ay wiiii long fal- 

 lows, secure heavier crops (on dr.iined hiiiil) and 

 avoid that conipetilion torsoppori v\liich prtahic- 

 es, in ln.\iiriaiit showery seasons like iln; l.ist, 

 roinonsly laid crops, and lean miserable kernel.j, 

 which diminish the value of the samjile by lei> 

 pounds in every hundred. 



We have found Crosskill's clod-crnslier roller 

 of exiraordinaiy benefit In pulverizing our slifT 

 land (disordered by drainage and cariimf,) and 

 shall use liill's pulverizing plough wilh .Mason's 

 knives: in (act, lake every opporiiiniiy, by means 

 of snhsoiling,. scarify ing, i&i-., to oluain a line and 

 deep tillli tree troiii weeds; nor shall we. deb.ir 

 onr.selves from purchasing guano orailifieial ma- 

 nures, should such a course appear occasionally 

 ite.sirable. Our great obj 'it will be lo grow the 

 very nti)ki>sl thai the hiiiil can produce by forcing ; 

 bearing in mind, that in doing so, we virt'ially 

 decieasi^ the expense of rent, labor, seei\, tithes, 

 rales, and olher charges, ihei'eby increasing our 

 profit, and improviog the l.iiid iiir the fiitiire. — 

 W^e are now using one bushel of hoiie-dnst, dis- 

 solved ill fiirly pounds ol' pure sidphnric acid, 

 lo all our rooi crops, in addiiioii to ot.'ier inanure. 



THF. STOCK 



Will consist of tivelve bead of c.-illle fed in stalls 

 or boxes(oii ilie prliicipl(! so ably ^l.ited and jtr.ac- 

 lised hy .Mr. John Warm-s, jim.) wilh steamed or 

 cooked linseed, clover, cli.ilf, pulse, polatoes, «S:c. 

 These entile \\\\\ be considered our iiiaunf.ictur- 

 ers of inanure, as the l.iucnlnsliire F.irmers call 

 them, and if they occasionally pay for their U'ei\ 

 or a prolil, so much tln^ belicr. .\s we shall grow 

 annually thirty to forty acres of roots, we ho(ie 

 to he able iiereafter to produce fiiod enough fiir 

 •iCA) to ;)00 sheep, to be lidded on Ihe land or \'et\ 

 in the yard, according lo weather and cir- 

 cnmstances, having an especial regard to the w idl 

 established fact (as proved by Proft>.s.sors Play- 

 lliir, Liidiig, and others,) thai, w ilh wnrmlli and 

 dryncs.s, a little food fallens ipiicker tli.in a gr> .it 

 deal wilh C(dd ;iiid wi;I. Compare the sleek, 

 pliiuip, tboiigh naked, .Milcaii, thriving on light 

 vegeiahle food, wilh the fur-clothed ICsipiimaiix, 

 ol iIk; Norlhcrii Hemisphere, trying to maiiUHiii 

 his vupply of carbon by swallowing daily some 

 eighl or len pounds of seal's blubber or olher 

 animal food. ,^ll our straw will lie cut into tine 

 chalf, lik(? saw-dust, flu' litter. There appetir 

 many advantages in this, such as the diminished 

 space It occupies, the readiness with which il 



