i 



.?, "'"' '^"'-'"y every moniins, each tn.in cnr- 

 lyiiis.' 100 loiis of (imirliim.lizt-, riiPMiiii- ;u .-in 

 «v..r,-,.,r ,.,ae oC Vi ,„iles m, ho„r, or 100 n.iles ,, 

 d.v M„-I,„l,n!j s,„p,,n.res. A l,.,r.se ,v„„l,l ..,„-ry 

 J^OO n,s over ;l,„ ..K.untnins, 25 uuU-.s per ,1,,/. 

 DivHie ti„. load of il.is one K,v/,„e liy ]'>00 uwi 



he nu„,l,..,- of ,„,,-se. fbr^5 7Mil..si„.,l„v's 



, loKllOO „Mle. each ,l.y. I|„,u.e the in.,. 

 h.,..e ,s every day, fi„r o,- foul, doing the wo.li 

 01 woik of 668 horses. 



^l)c iTarmcr's illontljlij Visitor. 



1 ME Shoe Bus:,>f:s3 ,n Natick.-A corrcs- 

 po„h.,,t of the Lowell Courier, writing f,-on, Na- 

 n<K, lis., oives the following account of the shoe 

 "'■•"";l"!->iinii^' in that pleasant town, this l.nsi- 

 uess I.eing la.-gely rarrie.l on l.y the inhahitants- 



Anrii'^i^J- h'^^' °''-^'""' '-"•'" ""^ '^'"f 

 ■M"il, If-lo. tlicro wei-e niannfartiiiej in this 



own Ul4m) pairs of shoes ami 19,150 pairs of 

 Loots, valued in all at ahoni .$420,000. The nnin- 

 Vo- ' '",■■'•■"' «""l'l"yeil, 557 ; nnniherof females 

 «a; n.akmg ,n all 1002 persons-all of tl,e,n' 



.owever, do not reside here. The a.nonnt paid' 

 toi lahor, though notnsceiiained l>v the assessors 

 cnunotheless than .sl2;),000; so' .list.-ihu.e.l ,s 



.Tlir I '^ '•"""l'-'^: li«i>ig §139 average to 



Thi.s l.,-anch of husines.s, second to none in the 

 »'■> e in importance or a.nonnt, has increased 

 vnh g.-ea, rapiduy during, the last levv ^ uti 

 tlHs Phu'e. lu ]S;i;3 only fo,u- persons we e e 

 S»ged as ..,an„f;,c>nrers now ilea.lv hf y are so 

 ei.aged; ,|,en less than 70.000 pii,. oV loo't^ 



(man ■ ''" '"""^"^'-■""'-'1; "ow more than 

 •30,000 pan-s are n.annliu-tnred. In l83(i-7, when 



1 .^2 r )0n"" 7";" '"'"""«-'"'ed, valued at 



t...,-L(l n, 11,.. inanulactui-e of them. The husiness 



v.-.s .nnoduced he,-e al.oiu 1&30, so you ee h a 



,s heen do„e „. , he short spae^ of 'fifteen year 



hvd f,;;«yo''7''''''':"'' ""'^ ''■•*^ "'•"' '-"« i-un- 



, , ' 1 i " '"" "'"■"^'^" iHindie.l, a,„l is now 



■Mippo.^ed to he ,no,-e than seventeen hundred 



:::7.l;er3^:l-i;;tii^!-'-£'^^^ 

 .^'ri!p;e,:i':i-':^,;ir:ir'= -- 



by those who receive the henelitsoZri,",^^^^^^ l.andl d wh „ 



has Jn': ";f' '" """■" '" "••^"^ "-" ">'■■ 'i '^i ; - ^-■"- • .*':':'^^^^^ ".-.-urage, wi!;:;;: 



has olien given ,„e g,-eat pain. J have e.nM|ov,.d 

 '" I'O co,u-se of n,y husine.ss a g.eat man • in ■ 

 ■■""I lean.s, both with oxen and iforses, and J ne V- 



"lio <ii,| a g.eat .lay's work; nor have J s, 



u.own such a one who ke|,t a li,t tea,,,. The 



best trun who ever did me any labor was a good 

 substantia fanner; his o.ven w'ere always litrad 

 j^ pry ns colts; he would never, hilch them to ay 

 tli.ng winch he knew they could not draw; of' 

 course they were not discou.-aged ; and he ha,'dly 



•'"i convlnce.l is not the fact. I have "raised as 

 •nany h.„ses as most fariners of my a",, in ,1,1! 



.o,,gl, yet whole-it has been in oZ ^-^t 

 n OS a huu.lre.l yea,-s-which .says, ' Tram m, 

 ehdd II, the way he shouhl go, and when 1 iTis 

 old he will not .lepart fro,., i,."' T.ain up beas s 



=Kl:^=i;-',i;"v:^,t,;=,j:!ii'y»^:;;5 



a k to them soothingly, aud encourage then, 

 ben he had a hani job on hand, which was one 



he case. Alte,- making a heavy p„|| |,e wool 

 s mnelnnes pat them o„ the back, hut i ..n-ely ever 

 knew h„n to strike or wor,-y his team. He carl 

 ned a slen.ler goad with a sho,t lash to .mhlp 



,emw,ih anda n,e,-e swiug of the whip was 

 sufficient (or Ins purposes. I have known seve- 

 ral .s.ich persons in my life, ami J do not hesitate 



. — „,,.j, ^^ ii,L-i, .)wi,e,'s 

 Onlraiwnor Oxen to hnc]< a Carl. A w,-ito,' for 

 be Maine Farme,-. will, the sig,ian,,-e olVri", 

 le'N E P '•"'""""r".-" -as re-publishe Tn 



tio,,:^ ,'■''"' "^" ''"'y ''"'<= i'"a''y atten- 

 -on IS paid by our farme,-s to learn their steers 

 10 hack; hut as they hecon.e able tod,-aw a ve.'v 

 .•onsjdeiable load fbrward, they are often iminer^ 

 ^^Mh heaten on the head and face be,-au,se ihev 

 will not back nVn,-, r... .,,„,, ...:., . ^^ . '^J 



to say that any perso , w o'Jo , , ^'s b h? T ''f ? ^" ""= '"^-' «"^' f^' 



will >t more' labor at le.ss ™C 2\ with ■"' '"' '""^'^ ^ *""';' °'- ^^'"^'l ^i"' - large a load 



.ore ease to hin,self; ihan by uSh;,; y , u ' Ini "ll^e'l''''^^^'?''^^ "''f' '°'-'^-"i"g "^t "''^ ^ 



-A vvl„pp,ng method so much p.ac.iselio.r .:;'',!, T' '=''<'•-">" '<=■•"" ""=m to d,-aw well 



'""' '''"I'PV'.f ,"'e'l'"<' so much piaclised in our 

 ;:oun tiy. All the diffl-i-ence with 'hese people s, 

 la be one m.de,;stands ami studies the nature 

 and d,sposition of his animals, and the other does 

 not. An even temper a„,l a steady ha,)d' ought 

 to he the leamster's tuotto, the world over" 



Ibefolow.ng valuable observations on the 

 subject of breaking steers and colts are extracted 

 rom a communication written for the NewEi,.'- 

 and Faruie,-, -hy M,-. J,„„es VValke,-, of Frye- 



u;:;;';^iL';: ii^'"" '^"'''^''<^^ ■" ••- •--■■ ->- 



I call niy young cattle calves till they a,-e one 



From tl,e Complete Farmer. 

 Oxen 



^wa,.l hut none to lean, then, to push hack- 

 wa,d. To ,-en,edytl,e occasion of this thumn- 

 .n.^ and the delay, which is always disa^eeahle 



as It IS calle.l, and lo draw forwaid, I place their 

 on a ca,t where the land i.s descending i a fa 

 'l^firee. ]„ tb,s situation ihev will soon li^ar . 

 ".; ease to bad< it; then I place them. r:. el 

 o l,.,(.k a cart up la^nl „ ||„|e ..j,, , 



■avn.f; no load in it ,|,„s ft,. When have 

 learned theni ,„ stand „p to the toujue as I ! 



a £ I T: .'7\"".<""Pty cart, I nex? eithe, ,nu 

 a s,„all we,!fht ,,> rdo ^.,... „.. .„i._ .. ■ i'"t 



^d ox, acconliu. ,o Dr.\):;^u^, aiVih^e : tllicK 

 neail, glossy, s,.,ootl, horns; la,-ge and shaL'<rv 



sl,o„lde,s; broad reins; a la,-!;e hellv • thick 

 nin.pand ,l.i,|,s;a straight l^ack; alJn. 'u' 

 Tit CiTf "'" ','"'■= ^''"'■' -'" '^'--l l"oolk 



^onM'bl^-.l^ner'""'""'"''^'^^^'"''^-'-'- 

 e,-'lh?M".' "T ''■"'■'*'^'' "' ""^ >°'^'^ '» »et weath- 



ri,e following ,-e,na,ks on the management of 

 W,.,,. oxen a,-e from the N. E: Fan,~^^ 

 "Do no, ,-eta,-d the growth of your beasts of 



b^N, han wlule young. But the" yonn 4° they 



^I'rn^rX^^'"""'-''''''^ n,o,-<^ d^c;;: 5 

 ■ v,i, ge,ie,ally hecome. ■ 



"An Eughsf, writer recommends cardin-r oxen 

 ,;l,'ays: ',l,eo.v, af.er the sensation K?,^ 



""I''!;-, -eceives pleasu,-e fion, the ope.-rti m 

 «.l wdl mo,„entarily fin-ego his nieal ti rece ;' 

 -•e bill eujoy.nent. His Ite.ler perceives ,|, 

 ad hr,^ .es the part which giv,.s !,,e no p ' .' 

 r-.TI;*^ ox -shows his g,-at„„de by wa-o i, I 



^ 'a,l ; the feeder in return calls hi,,; by .T^rme" 

 "I n,gra„ates bnnself with h„„. Thus not",?' 



anuitimacybuta mutual affection is for^::;, 



|:2:ji';;:rthe::.t::,Kd-s^r!-^^ 

 ■'Mf'irai^'^ik^Tihri^s;;:^^! 



"' I'and, and the shoulder hau,lle mellow f I nm",'N".^' '"'T»" ""' "^""■^' >""' ''° ""^ ''■•'^■ 



"leuow. Jt , un all over the i.asture for horses ; they can 



year ohl. Thave a'^litlle' yoke'made with a s,-„;i; I „ 'Zl'u ."7"."" ,«'"l"y 



and ring in it. J ,ell ,ny-|„„e bo'^t" y^ke ip ht' ' n/,'^^^^^^^ '="- then, wh'e,e 



tbeirca|yes:asmallboycandoi,;a,,ditisqute .niose Thtis i, i^ '"T"' ''r^''^ ""^ ^^"'"^ 



a imstune to then, ; they being so .^oung, are n u o >ack well ,n , 'T/'"'^' "'? "r"" ^^ ''■■'"■'led 



luir tf.nr lio ^o.. ..- ,• "^t . •• ) .y "^' ^ vveii, citKi Know liow to flu ir, wliicli hy a 



Till oxen are four yea,-s old they are nsu-illy so'!^ n"" /" "'i"'",' ""^ ^""'"^ ^° >"""?■'. ="- ' o t obackwell ,',,'!, T/'"'^' "'? "r"" ^^ ''■■'"■'led 

 died stee,-s; afterwards oven Tl,^ !l , ■ ""'" '"" '''=" ''" "-an manage then, w ,h ease • lliile ,,«„ ,r , ''°*'' '" ''" "' which by a 



.od o.v,acc.;,..li,,,,„D,. DX;a,e Lsf H.icl" wir''""',' f'^'^"'' '"'^ — -- 'o drive Ue„' y , ,e -T'lb I "' "'" "'""' '"'■^''- '''"' 



wi.h,andthereisnodimg;;.o,^;,, I, ,' r,^ ^ X,=' 1-^ , ,, ....,., „„i 



being hm-t. When be can drive theu.^vl ere I e to lack -^ oa Iwl '"'' '""' ''■"i"'"'^y »« -ant 

 wishes the.n to go, which will soon he the case car I nnd ho! " "r "''""' """'^ "i"' «"'• 



.0 will In.ch them to a small piece of wo,,doi'. ^,,;.',,r'T riy'"^'''"'?'^ "'^ '° ''"^^ 



il ni wmier put then, lo a l,.^„'l...,,.,, ., ': '" '"attie fiat k well, why should we not learn 



I.em for the tune when we want them hus t" 

 layout their strength .= Besides, it save ,1° 



:":^^j;::i:Xnr-snr;;-rt'i"''^'''^ 



n.lmare,rainedwh;;;';o.mg'-m:^^.:o:^|rS 



lahlo and obedient, which adds u,ucl, to iheir w ill, Ui"^., . ' ^":^V' '"'til Ibey will hack 



Il Ml winter put then, to a baud-sled, aud dnve 

 round w,th that; they will soon becon.e docile 

 J b,ne ,s no trouble with them afterward, espe- 

 c.al ly ,f they are yoked a few times the LecJnd 

 wmter; ,t makes then, foud of their mates. Ox 



,,K. ,1 , , , y. -■..,.... ..s aie much ino,- 



pliable and ohed,eut, wbi.d, adds n,ucl, to iheii 

 value: .stee,-s that r„„ till they are three or four 

 years o d are dangerous animals to encounter 

 with; they aie always running away with the 

 ca,t o,; sled whenever tl,e,e is a chance for then, 

 and often .ser,ous injury is the result. I wonhl 

 not ieco,ninendwoikiiigsteers hard while youii.r 

 as It would p,eyent their growth; there is a dif-' 

 ference between working them and barely tiain- 

 ing then,. ■' 



"Colts I begin with very .soon after they are 

 (oaled; the ma,-e should be bridled and led to 

 Ihedoo,-, and given a little salt. When the colt 

 IS one or two days old, take him by the neck, 

 handle l,,n, genily ; he is then so youni' that be 

 IS not al,a„l, if his dam is near by l,"in, ; continue 

 tb,s p,-aciice, and he will very soon hecome foud 

 of bis owiie,-, and will come on i.u rpo.se to he 

 handled after two or three weeks. It does not 

 burt the mare or the colt to use her moderately 

 if .\ou want to goto meeting oi, the Sabbath 

 Harness lhe.ma,-e into the chaise or wagon, and 

 be the colt to the ai-n, of the cuTiat'e : he may 

 be a htile obstinate at fir.st, but in going a few 

 rods w,l| he peaceable and very orderly ; ifthei.e 

 are many other horses about, your coli is always 

 Willi you : if you want to stop at a place any tinle 

 let yoi.r colt loose ; he can be taken again without 

 difhculiy, and hefo,-e you sla,t off tie your colt 

 agam ; in this way there is no troid.le o"f the colt 

 lollowuifi- other horses away. When they be 



with ease any reasonable load, and I would ..ive 

 [a ve,y cons,deral,le sun. mo,e fbra yoke o fo'ven 

 tlHKs tutored than for a yoke not thus ti^iiled " 



O.xen so,net,mes contract a had habit of pul- 

 nigorhanluig agamst each other ; and some- 

 nmes crowd each other, so as to render them ,1 

 nost entirely useless as laborers. It is laid I at 

 ly tniTung then, out to Vee,! i„ the yoke the w 



be'h-ibits'ofV'll""""',' "'"' ""'^ '«= '''■^^'^'> "f 

 ti,e fiahiis of imllm^r and c-owtUnsr. 



Theory of Dew. 



Notwith.standing ,he ,-esearcl,es of D,-. Wells 

 and o,he,s upon the subject of dew.s, there a e 

 niany who s,il remain either in total igni^rane 

 ,, ,. ' j;''";'^;'''«« "^ "■« deposition of the mois! 

 n,e calle, dew, or lol.l lo the old theory that t 

 IS canse.l hy the ,nr alone becoming colder. The 

 annen, (,eeks observed the fi,ct,^hat dew was 

 ilepos.ted m clear nighis and not in windy or 

 oudy ones, and eye,-y ba,-efooted boy who goes 

 It ea,ly m the morning knows that 'it is inuch 

 moie abundant on the g,ass by the ,-oad-side 

 than It is i-pon the sand or g,-ayc:| i,, i|,e ,-oad it- 

 .sclf. D,-. Wells, of England, made many evpe- 

 rnnents upon the subject, and fro,n the fiu'ts thus 

 ascertained, explained the cause of the phenome- 

 non in a treatise which he published some time 

 ago. He ascertained the cause of the dei.osit of 

 n,o,stn,-e m the foru, of dew to be the radiation 



co.ne old e,io,,gl,7o;%^e;-vi;e;>o,,'dr,;'ot' liTve''to whi ''ir:i'"" "^ ,"'^ '-'■■' ""''''-1 Kv the sun, 



rnn all over the pasture for I orses t ey can a I n , . T"'" "'," 1'"'"'''^'^'^ °^ "'" '''«' ^°'"e 



1 loi nor.es , they can a|- 1 „, contact with it and causes the moisture which 



