[Tr""1^' '■«^'^*''"'"-"m 



®l)c Jatmcr'e inoiatl)l|) faisttor. 



133 



vigorous suckers. It is only in Mich siuwtions 

 in llieir wild state, that the phiius are loinid 

 pioiluctive; on linht mid thin eoils, Jiml m higli 

 and exposed situation?, the growtli ol ilio suck- 

 ers is hmited, and tlie fruit scarcely ever at- 

 tains any size. Nature thus leaches the proper 

 mode whicli th'e cultivator should ailopt ui the 

 crowlh of the plants; and it should he Ins oh- 

 ject to follow her, rather than to divert and thwart 

 'her in the course she has pointed out lor us to 



'' Bm*^ how different is the cnltivniioM of llie 

 raspherrv from what we should iuler Irom na- 

 ture to lie most conducive to its healthy jrrowth. 

 The plants arc frequently set out in light anil 

 poor trolls, crowded together, lefi untruumed, 

 choked up with a profuse growth of weak stems, 

 and what little fruit they produce is near y dried 

 lip, from the arid situation in which they are 

 placed. On the coritrarv, in cool, deep and moist 

 soils, in a sheltered and partially sliaded place, 

 Ihe plants throw up .suckers to the height ot six 

 or eight i'cet, and produce a prolusion ol large, 

 handsome and well-tUivoied herries. iSo well 

 assured are the most eminent English cultivators 

 of the raspherrv, of its love of a cool and moist 

 soil, that some writers have strenuously reconi- 

 inended the use of hog earth and rotten leaves, 

 in the place of the richest loam. We are well 

 assured that the many complaints which are 

 made of the meagre produce of many raspher- 

 ry plantations, may he attributed wholly to the 

 liiiht and droughty .'Oils in which iliey lue often 

 plained. 



We would not here omit to mention the pro- 

 duc.lion of seedlings lor the purpose of securing 

 new sorts. By hyhridization of the kinds, and 

 hy selecting the finest and largest fruit, from 

 which to save the seeds, we are ceilain new and 

 su|ierior varieties can he raised. 



To induce cultivators to give .uoic attention to 

 the raspherry, is the ohject of this article; and 

 to render our information the more useful, we 

 shall treat of its growth under the following 

 heads: Situation,— Soil,— Procuring Plants,— 

 Planting Out,— Winter Treatment,— Summer 

 'I'reatment,— .Autumnal Dressings,- Prnning,-- 

 General Remarks,— and Descriptions of the dil- 

 ferent varieties. 



Silnalioii.—A cool aspect is of material conse- 

 .pience; an.l to secure this, the north side ot a 

 fence or trellis, which will form a screen from 

 the sun, is the most favorahle: on the north side 

 of a shruhberv, or row of fruit trees, is also a 

 Kuitahle place." If neither of these situations are 

 to he hail, an open, spot in the garden may be 

 chosen, alwavs being careful to avoid the south 

 Ol- east side of a fence. A temporary shade may 

 he effected in the open garden, by planting a row 

 of running heans on the souiii side. Having 

 .selecti?d a proper place, proceed li> prepare the 

 soil. 



Soil.— A good soil is the most importr.nt requi- 

 site. Having marked out the size of the bed, if 

 the earth is not naturally very rich and deep, 

 preparations should he made to trench n. Fust 

 cover the surface with thieeor fourmchfa of hog 

 earlh if to he |nocured, or, in it.s place, leaf soil, 

 and if these are not conveniently to he hiul.good 

 old rotten hot-bed manure, which has laid at 

 least six or eight mouths: that from hot-lieds 

 made in April will do lor use in the following 

 Octolier, and if a portion of the bed was leaves, 

 it is so much tiie more to be preferred. Having 

 !^(. read the manure upon the surfare, it should 

 then be trenched in two sjiades deep, or about 

 eighteen inches, placing the manure at the bot- 

 tom of the trench. Level the surluce, and spade 

 in an inch or two more of the same kind ot ma- 

 nure, and after allowing a week for the bed to 

 settle, it will be ready for planting. 



Procuring Plants.— 'Ute success of planting 

 out depenfls considerably upon a judicious se- 

 lection of jilants. Suckers of all sizes are gen- 

 erally thrown up, and many cuhivators would 

 naturally select the largest: such, however, are 

 not the best; those of medium size, neither loo 

 large nor too small, have the finest roots, and 

 spread more rapidly than the others, lu select- 

 ing, reference should be had to the roots rather 

 than the tops. , , , , . 



Planting o«<.— Having prepared the beds, and 

 secured a sufficient number of plants, prepara- 

 tions may be made for setting out. A spade, 

 a rake, and b garden hoe will \k the proper im- 



plements to accomplish this. The bed being 

 marked out, stretch the line across the bed, from 

 east to west, at the ilistance of two feet from-the 

 walk: commence on either side of the line at 

 one cud, hy taking out the earth the width and 

 depth of the spade; place in the plant against 

 the lliii', and throw the soil out of the second 

 hole to hll up the first: in this way proceed un- 

 til the whole bed is planted, treading the soil 

 li"htly around each plant ; with the rakesmooth 

 and level the whole, and the work is finished. 

 The rows should be three feol apart, and the plant 

 three feet apart in the rows. 



Winter Treatment.— On the approach of cold 

 weather it will be necessary to tiroteci (he plants 

 llir the winter. The best method of doing this 

 is simply to bend the branches down to the 

 grouiul, and cover them with four or five inches 

 of ihe soil. Some cultivators use leaves, and 

 others coarse muiinre, but we believe nothing 

 answers better than the common soil in which 

 they grow. 



Summer Treatment —An soon as danger ot cold 



weather is over. 



which is generally the first of 



in good condition, ine neust^nouiu uavc 

 iing of two or three inches of compost 

 intumu. This should he laid on in Octo- 



weaiuei IB v^v^^i, •••'• -- c).--'- .' 



April, the i)lants should be uncovered, and a stake 

 daced to each, to which the stems should be 

 securely tied : the first summer very little must 

 be expected from the plantation, and only a few 

 suckers will be thrown up from each plant; but 

 hy the second year they will be more numerous, 

 and produce considerable iiuit. As soon as the 

 plants are tied up, proceed to level the ground, 

 and give it a neat finish with the rake: the only 

 after culture is to keep down the weeds, and the 

 surface loose, hy occasional hoeings. 



.iutumnal Dressings.— EtmcWms the bed at 

 time of planting is not suflR-ient to keep the 

 plants in good condition. The beds should have 

 a dressi 



every aniuimi. .......-- -- , 



ber and lightly forked in, bearing in mind that 

 a mixture of bog earlh, or leaf soil and manure, 

 is better for the plants than all manure. This 

 will encourage the growih of the roots, and in 

 the spring the suckers which are thrown up to 

 (brill the bearing plants of the next season, will 

 be much stronger. , ., , • , 



jPruii!«a'.— Th-c raspherry can hardly be said 

 to need pVutiiiig in the common acceptation of 

 that term. All that is required is to shorten the 

 most vigorous bearing stems, and to cut away 

 the old wood after it has produced its Irtiit. The 

 second summer after planting, the plants wil 

 throw upa qiiantitv of suckers: if nuinurous and 

 small, four or five of the best should he left then- 

 entire length; if large and strong, they should be 

 shortened to tour or five feet, and the superflu- 

 ous ones rooted up, unless wanted to torm new 

 plantations. , • • j 



Genera/ Remarks.— As the raspberry is a rapid 

 grower, after it once lakes hold of the soil, quan- 

 Ulies ol' suckers will spring up, which, in the 

 coniseof lour or five years, will weaken the plants. 

 On this account new' plantations should he made 

 every tilth or sixth year, and the soil trenched 

 and renewed by the application of the compost 

 already mentioned. , , , 



The ras|)berry is rarely attacked by insects. 

 We are not aware that we have ever been trou- 

 bled with any during our cultivation of this fruit, 

 for upwards of fifteen years. On this account, it 

 requires very little care at the hands ot the culti- 

 vator. As u market fruit it is particularly worthy 

 of attention, requiring less care than the stravv- 

 beri-y, easier (licked, and the finer sorts command- 

 ins a good price. . 



The following is a list of the best kinds now 

 cultivated A few of them are new, and, as yet, 

 not very extensively known. The kmds we 

 would recommend are the white and red Ant- 

 werp, and the Franconia ; for larger gardens, 

 all the others may be added, which will affoi;d a 

 L'reat variety, and a succession of Iruit. ihe 

 names, with the exception of the ihiee last, are 

 according to the London Horticultural Society s 

 Catalogue. 



Description of the Different Varieties. 

 Red Antiverp.—0( fine size, excellent flavor, and 

 productive ; one of the best. . 



Yelloiv Anlwerp.-Syn. White Aiitwerp. Simi- 

 lar to the last, except in the color ol the ber- 

 ries; n delicious fruit, but does not bear car- 

 riage well. . . , 

 Barr,H.~Syn. Cornwall's Prolific A f^ne, large 



red fruit, productive and excellent, but does not 

 bear carriage well. 

 Comtnon Red.—Syn. Old red. The old kind of 

 the garden. An indiflferent bearer, and of in- 

 ferior quality. 

 Double Bearing.— Syn. Perpetual hearing. Said 

 to he a good and productive kind, having the 

 merit of producing one crop in July, and an- 

 other in September. 

 Franconia.— Syn. Seedling Grape. Quo of the 

 most productive and finest kinds euliivated 

 around Boston. Fruit red, large and hand- 

 some. The origin of this sort is unknown.^ 

 It was originally received from Vilmorin, of 

 Paris, by S. G. Perkins, Esq., of Brookline. 

 JVeic Red Antwerp.— ll promises to bo, so fur as 



wo have tried it, a very fine variety. 

 Cretan Red.— A fine variety, the fruit large and 

 handsome, rather more tart than the Antwerp, 

 and continues in bearing a long lime, which 

 renders it highly valuable. 

 Besides the above eight sorts, the new Turkish 

 Turban, Victoria, Brentford, Spring Grove, and 

 the 0/ii'o Ever-bearing, are recommended as very 

 fine kinds. To those who have room, we would 

 advise a trial of them. . 



[Since the above was written, a new variety of 

 the Raspberry called the Fastolff has been intro- 

 duced. It is highly extolled in England, but has 

 not been tested in this country to any extent, but 

 roots are in much demand this spring.] 



Meteorological Observations at Concord, 



Tal:tJi junt before sun-rise ami 3 o'clock P. M. 

 BY A. CHANDIiER. 



Ckaraetcr of Clouds, etc. 



1 31 

 76 



2 50 



M. 4 



T. 6 

 VV. 6 



T. 7 

 F. 8 

 S. 9 

 S. JO 

 M. 11 

 T. 12 

 W.13 

 T. 14 

 F. 15 

 S. 16 



T. 19 

 W.20 

 T. 31 

 F. 22 

 S. 23 

 S. St 

 M. 25 

 T. 26 

 W.27 

 T. 28 



69 

 76 

 67 

 73 

 69 

 .'4 

 62 

 81 

 69 

 80 

 71 

 80 

 73 



so 



75 

 81 



;9 



82 

 74 

 85 

 78 

 80 

 76 



.40 77 



.61 68 



.65 



.66 



.70 



.79 



.81 



29.66 

 .85 

 .90 

 .87 

 .87 

 .84 

 .82 

 .75 

 .76 

 .76 

 .77 

 .76 

 .75 

 .7) 

 .70 

 .67 

 .69 

 .70 

 .66 

 .54 

 .44 

 .33 

 .33 



W. 



— licirrus. 



. W. 3 



— 

 H. 2 



— 

 S. 1 



— 



— 

 



S. W. 6 

 S. W. 9 

 S. W. 9 

 N. W. 9 

 — 

 N. W. 4 

 N.W. 1 

 N. W 



75 

 71 

 79 

 70 

 -.74 

 .80164 



29 



N.W. 3 



— 

 S. 2 

 S. 1 

 S. 3 



— 

 N. W. 2 



— 

 W. 



— 



N. W. 1 N. VV 



Oj W, 



2 — 







1 







[67 

 30 52 



68 

 31150 



m 



.72170 

 .74 80 

 .80 73 

 .7879 

 .74 74 



— 1 



N.W. 10 

 _ 

 S. 6 

 S. 10 

 — 9 

 10 



N.W. 



W. 

 N.W. 



S. E. 



S. E. 



S. E. 



.66 

 .65 

 .70 

 .73 

 .68 

 .68 

 .67 

 .70 

 .67 

 .60 

 .64 

 .69 

 .66 

 .75 

 .90 

 .99 

 .92 

 .70 

 .55 

 .55 

 .58 



S. E. 

 S. E. 



E. 



9. E. 

 S. E. 





 1 

 

 

 

 2 

 

 2 

 

 3 

 1 

 1 

 

 N. W. 2 



— 

 N. W. 1 



— 

 N.W.I 



— 

 N. E. 1 



— 

 N. W. 1 



— 

 S. 3 



S. E. 1 

 _ 

 _ 



N. W. 9 



cirrus ami foggy. 



ciiiniilo-stratUB. 



cirro-stratus. 



cirrii and cumulo Btralus. 



dense fog. 



cumulo- stratus. 



cirro-stratus. 



cumuli. 



cirro-stratus. 



faint-cini. 



cirro-cumulus. 



cirro-cumulus. 



dense fog. 



cirri and cumuli. 



cirro-stratus. 



sprinkling of a ehowftr. 



dense fog. 



cumulo-slratus. 



cirro-stratus. 



cirro-stratus. 



cirro-stratus. 



cirro-stratus. 



cirrus. 



ciiro cumulus. 



cirro-stratus. 



cirro and cumulo-stratu?. 



cirro stratus. 



cirri. 



cirro-stratuo. 



hazy. 



dense fog. 



hazy. 



cirro-stratus and mist. 



cirro-stratus. 



cii-ro-slralus. 



cumulo-stratuf. 



dense fog. 



haze. 



cirro-stratus. 



all kinds. [night. 



clno-st. light rain in the 

 S. 10 cirro-stratus 



10 tight rain. 



S. E. 9 cirro-stratus. 



— dense fog. 



— 4 cumuli. 



— 3|cirro-stratus. 



— Sicirrus. 



S. E. 



S. 



N. W. 7 



N. VV. 2 

 S. 10 



N. E. 10 

 _ 



N. W. 7 



— 

 S. 4 

 S. 9 



— 10 



— 



— 



cirro-stratus. 



cirro-cumulus. 



cirro-stratus. 



cirro-stratus. 



dense fog. 



cumulo-stratuB.' 



dense fog. 



ciimulo-stratus. 



cirro-stratus. 



cirro-stratus. 



dense fog. 



clear. 



Prom the third of July to the twenty-first of August, there 

 did no7 more than a quarter of an inch of ram or what would 

 moistenXgroSnd about an inch deep, fall at uny one time. 

 ?hL whole amount of rain between tlie two dates being less 

 o,.n one inrh^ The whole amount in July and August being 

 •a'ruttuHnchesTand three quarters ot- It fell the three .Irrt 

 days of July and the last week of August. 



To Preveist Moulding in Books, Ink, Pa3t«, 

 AND LF.*THER.-Collectors of books wi I not be 

 sorry to learn that a few drops of oil of lavender 



