^I)e ianncr'js iHciutl)lt) lUsitor. 



149 



where it wns ealen by the stool;. A loa<l was 

 (■aiiitjd to a siDall lot near iho harn, in the al'lor- 

 iioon of the same day, and ihssloc'U were turned 

 in the liijlowinj; niorninir after the cows were 

 milked, wlieri!The fodder was eiilen n|i- clean. — 

 bi this way it was all fed ont green, lnjing a Utile 

 wilted. ■ • 



The prodnct of two acres anil aliont lliirty-lwo 

 rods, led ticiiili/ cows in inilk, or in ml/'ilii/, one 

 heili'r over two years old, twdsloek ladls, ;;rown, 

 and five sprinj; calves, for seven weeks and fivn 

 days. 'J'his was all the green (bod my stock had 

 lijr that lime, except what they conid pick np. 

 from a pasture burned np, in which they hud run 

 dnrinj; the season. In live days afler feedinjr on 

 corn fod(ler,'my cows increased tlieir milk one 

 can full, or ten qnarls. 1 did not lest the quality, 

 of the milk by my lactometer; but I preHimie it 

 was ecpially .-is rich as from grass. 1 am a prelly 

 pood livin<:- Icrlomcter, as I take about three tuni- 

 blers-fnll of milk, as a substitute for tea, ev(U-y 

 day, nu(l I pronounce it as rich fnuii corn-fodder 

 as iVoui f,'ras.s. 



J am satisfied, lUDSt fully, that the corn fodder 

 taken (roni ".2 K-KiO-itcres, was equal to 15 tons 

 of the very best Kirglish hay. 



E.vcuse this ta.f on your patience, and believe 

 me, dear sir, 



Voilr 6b'[ serv't, 



GEO. R.-VNDAF.L. 



Potato Rot. 



To THE Editor of the N. E. Farmer: — I ob- 

 serve in fiiu'opean newspapers recenily arrived, 

 that the French Academy of Arts and Sciences 

 deputed !\Ir. Charles Morren, of Liege, to exam- 

 ine into the cause of the |)Otato rot. That the 

 French should have selected aforeigner for this 

 purpose, says more for the hij^h esteein^in which 

 Ifis talents aie held, thaiT any thing which can 

 enjaiKite from nic. 



This gentleman has stated ibe result of bis in- 

 vestigation to be, that the rotis caused by a fun- 

 dus, the spores .or seeds of which exist in vast 

 quantilies in the anno?pliere, and this opinion 

 has been generally received as true by the best 

 informed circles in Europe. I have not seen the 

 paper by Professor .Morren, and therefore do not 

 know wbeiliei- be sng^esls any remedy or Hot. 

 You well remendier that the result of riiy obser- 

 vations on this disease, published in your paper 

 last year, perfectly accords with that of Professor 

 Morren, and that the remedy I proposed, of salt, 

 was foiunled on the power of this substance to 

 dissolve anil destroy most of the fungus fimily ; 

 hence, wliere there was salt, the spores coidd not 

 vegetate. I also regretted, (and much more re- 

 gret now, as the disease has caused such exten- 

 sive devastation,) that I did not possess a micros- 

 cope of sutticieut peileclion to enable me lo pur- 

 sue my examinations both into ibe disease and 

 its remedy : the waul (if this aloni! made me 

 drop all iiu'tber investigations on Ihe sfdiject. 

 But previous to ibis, I repeated and considerably 

 extended my experiments wiib various i-bemical 

 salts, and drew up a paper of .several closely 

 written pages, containing the details, with all inv 

 views on the sid)ject — which pa|ier, by request,! 

 sent to the New York State Agrictdlural Society, 

 ast December. Of this communication, .as well 



of one accompanied by eight or nine samples 

 3f various qualities of gnano, with the analysis 

 ■jf each, they did me the honor not lo take the 

 lightest notiee. 1 am . very sorry that 1 did not 

 ieep a copy <if this paper, wliicb. of course, is 

 low aiTiougst tilings lost or forgotten. 



I have no doubt that this disensejs completely 

 Jiider the dominion of science, and that a pcr- 

 ect remedy for it exists. 



Yours, truly, 



J. E. TESCHEMACHER. 



Boston, m Oct., 1845. 



From the N. B. Parmer, Oct. 8. 



\rrival of the Stock imported by the i>Jass. 



Society for the Promotion of A:;riculture. 



During the last week, the ship Chaos arrived at 

 lis port, in 29 days from Liverpool, having on 



loard the stock purchased for the Slate Agriciil- 

 ral Society, by Mr. Alexander Beckett, who 



vas sent out to England and Scotland, lo make 

 selection of the best animals that could be ob- 



ained of the Nortli Devon and Ayrshire breeds. 



The passage was rather rough, but every ar- 



ani;ei(ieut was made for the safely and comfort 



of the auimal.s, that could be devised, and not- 

 wiihstandiug the iiniiivoralile influences of a sea 

 "voyage, they came out in line order, most of them 

 fat enough f(u' the shambles. 



They consist of foin- .\yrshire cows and one 

 bull, and four. North Di^vou cows and one bull, 

 and a lino calf which was dropped by one of the 

 North Devon cows on the. passage. Their stable 

 was situated between decks, under the main 

 hatchway-^a location favorable flir air, and to 

 guard against injury ti-oni ihe rolling of the ship. 

 .The following am|ile daily allowance was pro- 

 viiled for each animal for fitly days, viz: 10 lbs. 

 of hay, 10 lbs. of oil cake, 1 qiiart of bran, 1 

 qiiijrt of crushed oats, and 10 gallons of water. 

 The fi-eight bill for the cattle, together with the 

 expense of titling up the stable, and for «ater 

 casks, independent of the food, was 140 pounds 

 sterling, or about .^i/OO; this, with the iirst cost of 

 the cattle, and exiien-'es of ftlr. lieck<'tl, will 

 in.;ike the round sum of something like.'jilfOOO — a 

 very generous outlay by the S<ieiety for the im- 

 provement of the stock ot' our State". 



The animals are Tery fine looking, and, we be- 

 lievf>, gave perfect satisfaction to the President 

 and other officers of the Society, who were pres- 

 ent. on the wharf li) witness their landing. The 

 cattle were driven out to Lexington, to llie farm 

 ■ of Fj. Phinney, Esq., where they will remain for 

 a short time, until the Trustees of the Society 

 determine where lo locate them must advantage- 

 ously for the public benefit. 



'I'lie North Devon cows were purchased of 

 Lord Leicester, of Uplkham, Norfolk county, 

 England; the bull,li-om Mr. Bloomfield, of Wau- 

 hani, in the same county, of whose stock Mr. 

 Col man has stated that be bad seen noire supe- 

 lior. 



■ If there may be prejudices in the minds of any 

 against the Ayrshires, our farmei'scan have none 

 against tlie North Devons, as ihey are an im- 

 provement on the best fine red cattle so deser- 

 vedly popular iiionrState. The purity of blood 

 of the individuals of this breed imported by the 

 State Society, is indicated in iheir peculiarly 

 white waxy horns, clear nozzles, yellow ring 

 about the eyes, yellow in the ear, ;ind being of a 

 very dark red, approaching to chestnut color, 

 without a spot of white. or any other color upon 

 ilieni. As they were driven through the streets, 

 a fiirmei' fixed bis eye upon one of the heifers 

 and inquired the price, su[]posing they were for 

 sale, and remarked, vvbeii infbinied lo the con- 

 trary, that it was the most perfect animal of tire 

 kind be had ever beheld. 



The Ayrshires were also thorough bred, per- 

 fect in their kind, and the cows had the appear- 

 ance of being fine milkcr,s. Two were purchas- 

 ed from the slock of Mr. Andrew MacGregor, 

 Dandiead, near Kilm.iruock, Scotland ; one from 

 Mr. John Young, of Kilmanrs Alaine, near the 

 same place; and one fronrMr. Hamilton Cap- 

 prainstone, Draghorn ; the bull (iom Hugh Kilk- 

 wood, llighlongmair, near Kilm.uirs, Scotland. 



We have seen many fine, high bre.i animals, 

 and liAve |i)rmed an opinion as lo what points 

 are desiiable in dairy stock; and according to 

 the views we entertain, we think the selection 

 Mr. Beckett has made, highly c-ediiable to bis 

 judgment, and of Which the Society may be just- 

 ly proud. Surely, the object which the Society 

 have in view, of improving our New England 

 stock, Ts one highly commendable, and we have 

 no doubt will be j'ustly apjireciated by the agri- 

 cultural community. 



— Htid while a black-jack clay soil yielded seven- 

 ty bushels to the acre, this tine" bottom land 

 would not average fifiy. One brother wasstead- 

 ily. growing rich on poor laud, and the oilier 

 steiulily growing poor on rich land. 



OiVe day the bottcmi-land brother came down 

 lo see the black-jack oak farmer, and they bogim 

 to talk about their crops and farms as "farmers 

 are very apt to do. 



"How is it,". said the first, " iliat.yoii manage 

 on this poor soil to beat iiie in crojis ?" 

 The reply was, " / work mi/ lanil." 

 That was if, exactly. Some men have such 

 rich land llial they wonh work it, and they never 

 get a step beyond where they began. They re- 

 ly on ihe soil, and not on lal>or, or skill or care. 

 Some men expert their lands to work, undsome men 

 experC to wokk their f.aivd — and llial is just the 

 difference between a good and a bad farmer. 



When we h;id written (bus l;u-, and read it to 

 .our intbrmaut, he said, three years ago I travel- 

 ed again through that section, and the only good 

 farm I saw was this very one of which you have 

 jnst written. All the others were desolate, i'un- 

 ces' down, cahiiis atiandoned, the settlers dis-' 

 coiiraged and nifiving off. 1 thought F s;iw the 

 same old stable door, hanging by one hinge, that 

 used to disgust me ten years befiu-e ; and I saw 

 no change except for the worse In the whole 

 connly, with the single exception of tbi;; one 

 farm. — bid. Farmer and Gardener. 



Manure Making. — ;Tlieie is one means of 

 making manure on every farm which is.too com- 

 monly overlooked or not availed of — we mean, 

 from the wash and waste litpiors of the house. 

 Carta load of loam near the outlet of your sink, 

 and carry ibe spout on to it; shovel over the 

 heap occasionally, and in six or eight weeks the 

 mass will be enriched and a fresh lot may be 

 brought to undergo the same process. Thus, in 

 the course of a year, several loads of manure 

 may be made at a trifling co.st, and of a quality 

 hardly inferior to that from the barnyard. Thi.'« 

 hint is worlb something. — A*. E. Farmer. 



Getting Poor on rich Land, aud Rich on poor 

 Land. 



A -close observer of men and things told us 

 tlie following little history, which we hope will 

 plough very deeply into the alteniion of all who 

 plough very sballovv in their soils: 



Two brothers settled together in ^ — coun- 



t.y. One of them. on b co?i), iigiy, clay soil, cov- 

 ered with black-jack oak, not one of which was 

 large eiioiigb to make a half dozen rails. This 

 man would never drive any but large, (lowerful, 

 Conosloga horses, soitio seventeen hands high. 

 He alvvavs put three horses to a large plough, 

 and plunged it in some ten inches deep. This 

 deep ploughing he invariably practiced and culti- 

 vated thoroughly afterwards. He raised his sev- 

 enty bushels of corn to the acre. 



This man had a brother about six miles ofl^, 

 settled on a rich While river bottom-land liirm 



Frnni Ihe .■Vlhnnj- Cultivator. 



The New York State Fair at IJtica. 



The extraordinary interest which for a few 

 years past has attended our State Agricultural 

 Fairs, was fully kept up by the exhibition nt Uli- 

 ca. Taken as a whole, there appears to have 

 been no diminution in the superb display of ag- 

 ricultural products, in the vast collection of farm 

 im|)leii:ents, and in the multitude of fine domestic 

 animals, of all kinds and classes, which add so 

 much to the atlraction and great utility of these 

 truly noble exhibilions. 



'Ihe number of persons in altendance could 

 not have been less than forty thousand ; and 

 among the distinguished individuals present, 

 were many fi'oiii a large portion of the other 

 Stales of the Union, Ironi IMaine lo Mississippi, 

 evincing, by the pains they had taken to witness 

 the exbibilion, the high estimation with which 

 snc-h scenes are regarded. 



The ground selected was about one mile south 

 of the city, about len acres of which were inclo- 

 sed by a high lem|iornry board fence, and within 

 tills boundary all the vast miiltitnde of objects 

 constituting the exhibition were collected. " 



The grounds, which were of an oval shape, 

 were entered by three carriage and ihree foot en- 

 trances, and so great was the concourse that 

 these were hardly sufficient a ]iart of- the time, 

 for the ingress of the spectators. Ne.xt lo the 

 boundary fence, within, a broad carriage road 

 extended the whole distance round; and within 

 this, with the exception of the fiont side, was a 

 continuous and parallel row of posts for cattle. 

 Parallel with lliis row of posts, and still fiirlber 

 within, were the lines of pens fc^r sheep, swine, 

 calves, &c. The central portion of the grounds, 

 consisting of about seven acres, were occupied 

 with four temporary buildings, each 100 feet by 

 30; by the various agricultural implements, tents, 

 &c. 



Compared with the previous year, the show of 

 animals was generally more extensive at Utica. 

 The whole number of horses, cattle, sheep and 

 swine is stated to have been GS3, which are enu- 

 merated as follows: 114 horses — viz : 28 stallions, 

 3G matched horses, 7 geldings, 32 mares and 

 colts :^274 horned cattle, being 48 Durliams, 11 

 Herefbrds, 9 Devons, 4 Ayrshires, 21 Natives, 124 



