^[)t iTarmcv's iHouthlij biLntov. 



185 



every oiiiiic, iliey Imd liecome perlijclly callous 

 to all bielise of slianio and rciiiorsf. 



"To make viiioiiti nml iiliaiiilonril |ic<>|)le liap- 

 ]iy, it has (^eiieially liei^ii supposed necessary: 



lisliiiieiil Ims existed, not a blow Iiub lieeii ttivoii 

 to luiy one; not even lo a (-IdUl liy his iushiic- 



fi'rsl to make iheni viriuou-i. I$iit why not re-\ Account of the lakitig up of the Be/^gars at Munich 



verse lliis order? Wliy not make tliem (irsl 

 happy, and iIumi virtuous? IT happiness and 

 virtue be inse/iiiiable, the end will he as reriaiidy 

 obtained by the one nielhod as hy the (Jtlier ; and 

 it is most uudonhledly much easier lo contribute 

 lo the happiness mid c-uud'orl ol' persons in a 

 slate of poverty and misery, lliau hy admonilions 

 null pimishnieuts, to reliirui their morals. 



" Deeply sIrueU with the importance of ihis 

 truth, all my measures were taken accordiufily. 

 I'^very thing was done that c<Mild be devised to 

 make the poivr people I had to deal with coiti- 

 lorlable and happy in their new silualion ; and 

 my hopes, lliai a hahit uT eojoyiiii; the real cum- 

 liirts and couvenienri'S whifli were provided fur 

 iliem, would in lime sullen their hearts,— open 

 their eyes, — and render ihem jjracelul and docile, 

 were not disappointed. 



" 'JMie ple.isure I have had in the success ol' ihis 

 t.vperiment i* much easier to be conceived than 

 ilescribed. Would tolJdd that my success niiijlit 

 encour.i;;e oihers lo Tollow my example I If it 

 "were •.'eneially kiu)wn how little ironhle, and 

 how little expense, are required lo do much 

 ,!;ood, ihe hearifell salistaclion which arises (Vom 

 relieving the wants uuil |)romotiMi; the happi- 

 ness of oiu- lilhiw creatures, is so jireat, that 1 

 am persuaded, acts of ihe most essential charity 

 woidd he much more fiTcpieiM, and the mass of 

 misery amoii;: mankind would conse(|ueuily he 

 tuucll lessened. 



•'Having l.ikeu my resoluliou lo make ihe 

 roml'url of the poor people, who were lo be pro- 

 viiIimI for, the primary ohjeet of uiy alleuliou, 1 

 eousidered what eircumslaiice in lili', afler ihe 

 necessaries, fnod and raiment, coulrihntes most 

 lo coud'ort,and J found il to be clcanlinfss. And 

 so very extensive is Ihe influence of eleunliuess, 

 that it reaches even to ihe brute cn-alion. 



■• Willi what care and allenlioii do ihe lealher- 

 ed race wash lln'tiiselves and put iheir phnnajxe 

 in order; .ami hoiv perfectly neat, clean ami ele- 

 ;,'anl do lliey ever appear! Amou;,' ihe beasls o( 

 ihi 



" New- Yeai's day having, from time immem- 

 orial, been considered in liav.iria lis a day pecu- 

 liarly set .'ipart for giv'mg alms; and the beggars 

 never liiiling to be all out upon that oci'asion ; 

 I chose that monieni as being the most liivoi.ible 

 for beginning my operali<ms. ICarly in the mor- 

 niiiL', of the firal ot January, I/IJO, the olliceis 

 ami non-commissioned otficers of the regimenis 

 of infantry in garrison, were stationed in the 

 ditlerent streets, where they were directed to 

 wait (in' fnrthei orders. 



"Having, in the meantime, assembled, at my 

 lodaings, Ibe tiehl-oflicers, and all the chief mag- 

 istrates <d' the town, 1 made ihem aicpi.iinled with 

 my inlelilion lo | roceed that very morning to the 

 execulion of a plan I had fmined for taking up 

 the beggars, and providing (in- the poor ; and 

 asked iheir inniiediale assisiunce. 



" To show ihe public, that it was not my wisli 

 to carry this measure into execulion by inililary 

 force alone (whieh might have rendered ihe 

 measure odious,) bnl that 1 was ilisposed lii shew 

 all becoming deference lo ihe civil authorily, I 

 begged the magislrales lo acompauy me, and llie 

 field oflicers of" ihe garrison, in the execution of 

 the first and most difficull part of the nmlerlak- 

 ing, that of arresting the beggar.i. This lliey 

 most readily consenled lo, and we immedi.nely 

 sallied out "into the street, myself accompanied 

 by the chief magistrate of tlie town, and each of 

 the field oflicers by an inferior magistrate. 



" We had hardly got into the street when we 

 were accosted hy a beggar, who asked ns for 

 ahiis. 1 went up to him, and laying my lianil 

 gently upon his shouhler, told him, that lioiii 

 liienielbrwards begging would not be perniilled 

 in Munich ;—lh.-it if he really stood in need of 

 assisiunce, (which would immediaiely be ii'i|uired 

 into) the necessary assislance should certainly lie 

 given him, bul ihat begging was forbidden ; arul 

 if he was delected in it again, be would he 

 scveiely punished. 1 iheu delivered him over lo 

 an orderly sei'^iealil who was follouing nii 



with 

 (ields «e (ind that those whieh are the most (|i|-,.(.|jons to conduct him lo ihe lowii-hall and 

 idy ai-e -merally the most gay and c.licerliil ; [ ,|elivei- him iulo ihe hands of those he should 



or are distiuL'uisheil by .i certain air of traiKpulily 

 and conleiitiiient; and singing birds are always 

 iiMiiiukuble for the neainess ol' iheir plumage. 

 And so great is the eti'ecl of cleanliness upon 

 man, that it I'Xtelids ev(ui lo his moral cha;ai-ler. 

 Vn'liie never dwelt long with fillii and n.-isiiness ; 

 nor do i beliiv(! there ever was a |iersou scnipa- 

 lousii/ ntlentivc to cIcaiiHiiefs, who Mas a cousum- 

 male villian. 



'• Il was with a view lo bring ihe minds of the 

 poor and nnliittun.ite people 1 had to deal with 

 lo ibis stale, ihat I look so much pains to make 

 them e.omfin lable in their new silualion. The 

 siaiv in which liiey li.id been u.sed lo live was 

 certainly most wrelclu'd and ileplorable ; hiil 

 liny had been so long aceuslonied to it thai lliey 

 were grown insensible lo their o" n misery. Jl 

 was ihererore uecess.uy, in order lo awaken their 

 alleiilitu, to make ihe cimlrasl helwceii tlieir for- 

 mer sitnali and thai s\ hich w;i ; prep.-ired for 



liiiun, as slrikill^' as possible. 'Jo this end, every (n; n,iind in tlie streets 

 ibing was ilone ihat conhl be devised to make 

 them really comfortable. 



"Alostol ihem had hi. en used lo living in the 

 iiinst miserable hnve,l.«, in ibe midst of lermin 

 and every kind of fillbiness ; or lo sleep in ihe 

 sireels, ii,:d nuder ihe hedges, half naked, and 

 e.xpo.sed lo all the iuclemencies of the seasons. 

 A large and commodious building', filled up in 

 ibe neatesi and most cond'oit.-lile manner, was 

 now provided fur their i'i.'ce[iliiin. In ihis.-igree- 

 abie relreal, they found sjiaciuns and eieguiil 

 .•ipartiiients, kejil with the most scrnpiilous neat- 

 ness, well warmed in winter, ami well fmhted; 

 a gooil ovarii! dinner every i\:\y, irmlis, cooked 

 au<l served up with all |possihlK allenlion to order 

 and cleanliness ;— materials and lUensils for those 

 who were able to work ; — masters, gnitis, for 

 lliose who required insiruciioi) ; — ihe most gen- 

 erous pay, in v:oney, for .all ihe labcr perfoneed ; 



find iherc lo receive him: and then turning lo 

 ihe officers and magislrales who accompanied 

 me, 1 begged ihat lliey wnnld lake nolice, lli.it J 

 \\;i\ tn\!-v\C ivilh my oivti Afi»i(/.v arresled the first 

 bcL'gar we niel ; and 1 reipiesled iheni not only 

 to follow my example themselves, by anesling 

 all the beggars lluy should meet wilh, hut ihat 

 ihey would also endeavor }n persuade others, 

 ami parliculai iy ibe officers, non-commissioned 

 oflicers, and soldiers of ihe garrison, that it was 

 by no me.iiis derogalorj lo thi'ir cliaracler as 

 soldiers, or in anywise disgr;ic:efnl lo tlieiii, to 

 assist in so ti.sej'ul and Idiiilabk an nudcil.-iking. 

 These gentlemen having ebeerfnily and imani- 

 mously promised to do lluir ulmo>t to second 

 me in ihis busiiu\--.--, dispersed into diiPere:!! pails 

 of die town, ami wilh ihe assistance of llie m.li- 

 lary. which lliey found every where Wfillng for 

 (Uilcrs, llie lowii was so thoroughly cleared ol' 

 hej:gars in kss than an liour, th.il not one w.is to 



few good spinners of those iinicles were engaged 

 n.s instructors; hut by far tin- giealer miinber of 

 the poor began with spinning of hemp ; and so 

 great was their awkwardness at first, that they 

 absolutely ruined almost all the raw ninlerials 

 that were put into iheir liand.». 15y an exact cal- 

 ciilntion of profit and loss, it was found lli.it llie 

 manulaclory actually lost more iliaii 3,000 florins 

 upon ihe articles of hemp and flax, ibiring Ihe 

 first three mouths; but we wcue noi discouraged 

 by these unfavorable beginnings: they were in- 

 deed easy lo be foreseen, considering the sorl of 

 people we hud lo deal with, and how necessary 

 il was to pay them ul a very high rale for ihe lil- 

 lle work they were able lo perlbrm, in order to 

 keep up their courage, am! indnf-e them to per- 

 sevi're wilh eheerfnlness in acipiiring mort^ skill 

 and address in iheir labor. 11 Ihe esiablisli- 

 ment was supported at some lilile expense ill 

 the begiimiug, it afterwards richly repaid these 

 ilisadvanlages. 



"During the fir.«it three or fi)ur davs, that these 

 poor people were assembled, it w.is iiol jio.ssihio 

 entirely to prevent cuufiision : there was nolhiug 

 like mulinous resismnce among them; but their 

 silualion was so new lo llieiii, and lliey were so 

 very awkward in it, that il was diflicnit to bring 

 them iulo any tnlerahle order. .\l lenglb, how- 

 ever, by dislribniing llieiu in llie diii'erent balls, 

 and assigning lo each li's parlicniar place, (llie 

 places all being disliiiguished hy nuinbi'is.) lliey 

 were brought into such order as to enable the 

 inspeciors, and instructors, to begin their opera- 

 tioii.s. 



"'I'liose who uiiderslood any kind of work, 

 were placed in ibe aparlmeiils where the wiirk 

 they understood was carried on ; and the others 

 being ela.'-sed accoiiling lo iheir sexes, and as 

 much us possible according lo llirir ages, were 

 placed nmler ihe immediate care of llie difliorenl 

 iuslruelors. By much ibe luigr.r number were 

 put to spinning hemp ; oihers, and purlicniarly 

 ihe young children from linir lo seien years of 

 age, were t.iuglit lo kiiii, and lo sew; ami the 

 niosl awkwaid among the men, and (larticularly 

 ibe old, Ihe lame, and llie infirm, were put to 

 carding of wool. Old women, hIioso sight was 

 loo weak to stiiu, or wlio.^e hands iremhh (I " illi 

 palsy, were m;idu' lo spool _\;uu for the svcuvers; 

 and young children, who were loo weak to la- 

 bor, were placed upon seals eiecled fiir that 

 purpose ruuud the roniii- w here oilier ehihheii 

 worked. 



"As it was winter, firi's were kept in every 

 part of ihe building, from inoi hing lill uiglil ; 

 ami all the rooms were lighted up lill nine o'- 



aud llie kindest usage from every person, from 

 the highest lo ilie lowest belonging lo the estab- 

 lishment. Mere in this asylum for tiie indigent 

 and uufortuuate, no ill usage, — no harsh language 

 is ponnilted. During five years ihal the estab- 



Emphjmi nt pivcn lo the /?tgg-"r,t vpun their l/einir 

 assembled at Ihe House of Indialrxj. 



'• As by fir the giealer purl ol these poir cic-i- 

 lures were loi.dly unacqiiainled wilh evciv kind 

 of nseliil labor, it was ueces.-ary lo give Ihem 

 such work, al fust, as vv;is very easy lo he per- 

 I'ornied, and in which the raw materials were ot 

 liule value; and linn, by d.'grees, as ihey be- 

 came more adroit, lo employ ihem in munnfac- 

 iuiini» more valuable arlicles. 



".As hemp IS a very cheap couimodiiy, and as 

 the S|)iuning of hemp is very easily perfiirmed, 

 particularly when it is designed for very coarse 



and ordinary inanufacliires, l.j.UOO p ids of 



ihat article were iinrcbr.scd in the I'alaliuale, and 

 transported lo Ajunich; and several hundred 

 s|iiiiiiing whi-els proper for spinning il.uere pro- 

 vided ; and several good spinners, as iuslruelors, 

 were engaged, anil in readini'.ss, when this home 

 of industry was opened for the reception of the 

 jioor. 



"Flax and wool were also piovided, and some 



clock in ihe evening. I'Aery room and slaircase 

 w.-is neatly swepi and eleaiii d twice a day ; once 

 early in the morning before the p< iiple were as- 

 sembled, ami once while they were at dinner. 

 Care was taken, by placing veiililalor.s, and oc- 

 casionally o|)eiiii g llie windows, lo keep the air 

 of the rooms perfecily sweet, ami fr.e from all 

 disagreeable smells ; and llie rooms were not 

 oiilv Iheinselves neally whiU'-".isbeil and filled 

 lip, and arranged in every respect wilh elegance, 

 bin care wus t.ikeii to clean I In- windows very 

 ofleii ; — to clean lie courivnil every day; — and 

 even lo clear aw.iy the lubhish fiimi ibe sireetin 

 front <it' ihe building, lo a coiisid.-i:ihle dislance 

 on every side. 



"'I'hose who freipieulrd lliis i slahlishmeiit 

 were expected lo arrive at llie Am d hour in ibe. 

 morning, whicli hour varied accurding lo the 

 season of the year: if tl.ej came mo late, they 

 were irenerally repi imamled : and if ihey per- 

 si.-li'ii in bcie^ lardy, w ilhoiit lieing ;ihle to- give 

 a sntncieiit e.M:nse lor mil emniug sooner, they 

 were punished by being deprived of iheir din- 

 ner, uhicli ollieruise lliey rereivi d e.ery day, 

 g nil is. 



•'At the hour of dinner, a large hell was rung 

 in tlie court, when those at work in ihe dilb-rcnt 

 purls of ihe building repaired n. ihe diuing-hall ; 

 where ihey funnd a wholesome and nourishing 

 repast; eonsisfmi: of nbouMi jiauni und a quar-^ 

 /e;-, uvoirdiipois weight, ol a very rich soup of 

 peas and hurley, mixed wilh cuiliugs of hue 

 white bread; and a piece »( excelliM rye bread, 

 weighing .•;i;r<Ji iiunecs : uhicli la:-l liiey coin- 

 inoidy pill in their pockets, and carried home lor 



thrir'supfier. Children were alli • ' ■'■" ' " 



poriion as grown persons: ami u 

 iiail one or more youn 



ed liie same 

 iriolher, vv bo 

 cliildreii, was allowed a 



poilioii for each ol th( in. 



