Ql\)c iTavmcrVi iilont!)!!} bisitnv. 



13 



are lliorou^lily cleansed. In lliis manner, we I <rooil size, you slionid let your calves siiok for a 



nutiil)crofnioiillis in llie natural v\;iy. Tlu-y will 

 Ilicii lip If'ss siilijcct lo the scours and other coiir- 

 lil.iiiils than « lii'ii they are ti:(l vviili artificial t'uod. 

 And yon will oCien make cows ot' your heifers one 

 yi'ar sooner than yon otherwise would; for they 

 will lie lar^'e enoiiiih to liriuf; calves when they 

 are lint a little over two years of ape. 



Your .steers too will have finer forms as well as 

 a MKire rapid growth, for if you are not very at- 

 tentive, when you re;ir liy ariitieial means, \ oiu' 

 youii;; rattle will lie illsliajiHii, pod bellied, and 

 |iooi'. — Muss. Plous;hman. 



.'hi, with two men and two dof,'s, wash ten 

 tlionsaiid, if at hand, in one d;iy. 1 



We cut wild prairie hay from land owned liy I 

 •.'overnment and speeulaKn's wlfo do not occupy. 

 On contriiet it is deliverd in our yards atone d<il- 

 lar each ton. 



The yearly cost of keepin;: our sheep cannot 

 be over thirty cents per head. One boy we em- 

 ploy the year at eiplit dollars , a month, lie has 

 the sole char^'e of the Hock with the aid ot' two 

 .shepherd's dof;s, w hihli we could not do without. 

 They aiil in yarding' them nights, and keep oft' 

 lln^ small prairie wolf. 



A Seotchmim by the name of Milchcl, raises 

 and trains thesi! shepberd do^'s I'roni a pair of 

 J^coicli collies, imported by .Murray &. Co. He 

 sells bis puppies at .•diout four dollars each. 

 Yours, i.Vc., Tri'man ..t Isa/vc llAP.yr:v. 



Ln Salle, Illinois, Sept. •25!li., IMo. 



Care of Cows with Calf. 



Cows that are cxjiecled lo calve early must 

 have more attention than others. It is barbarous 

 to lie a coiv to a stanchion near the time of ealv- 

 iriL'. liCl her have perfect freeiliun, in a pen or 

 yiud, but let her not have .access to cold water. 

 'J'bis h.-is caused llie de.'illi of many a fine cow. 

 After calving, warm drink may be given in any 

 ']Uantily: but you should be cautious at sneli 

 times not lo feed so high as to cloy the appetite, 

 or create a fever. Warm swill will be drank by 

 cows thai have been early laiight to drink it. A 

 quart of meal may bo stirred in, for one cow, and 

 many cows will drink warm wuier ^^ith meal in 

 it, when they would not drink s» ill. 



We have generally thrown some hot embers in- 

 to a nail of water, at such times, and cows will 

 drink it, for they are then very willing to diiidv 

 what they would not at otln-r times, or when they 

 have access to pure water. .Many C(u\s, at such 

 limes, will drink ibeir own milk as soon as it is 

 drawn from the udder : and ibis is always good 

 liLu- them. 'I'be calf svill not want it all .and the 

 calf should be kept so short ib.at he will worry 

 the udiler and draw out every drop of the milk. 

 When cows are seen to in season, and milked 

 clean immediately after calving, they are not like- 

 ly to snti'er with .swollen udder.s. 'J'he calf may 

 lie with the mother lin- the first tiventy-lbur hour.s 

 If' yon draw away all the milk yon can beliire be 

 has access to the teats. Alter this he should be 

 separated from her. 



On Hearing Calves. — Various practices pre- 

 vail in dilferent pl.ice.s, in nursing calves intend- 

 ed to be kepi for stock. Far in the interior, 

 where keeping and milk are cheap, some farm- 

 ers snfi'er calves lo run in the paslnre with their 

 niotbeis. and snrk during the summer. S(uiie 

 let them suck fiir thiee months, .and then take 

 them off and let them pick for tbeniselves. 



Some farmers take them away from the moth- 

 er immeiliately, and fed them on milk u liicli they 

 are taiigbt to drink from a pail, or trongli. We 

 have known some to fatten their calves for the 

 butcher by lianil feeding. But lalior must be 

 cheap aiui milk dear to make this practice prof- 

 itable. 



There c;m be no doubt that milk sucked from 

 the cow, is better liiod for the youngling than any 

 that can be furnished. The calf draws it gradu- 

 ally ; it physics him jusl enough, in ordinary ca- 

 ses : and it is just warm luioniib liir his stomach. 

 When calves drink milk from a pail lliey swal- 

 low lofi rapidly and the system is disordereil. il 

 is pbysiced too mucb, or not enough; il is imt so 

 agreeable to n.alnre, ailepartnre li'om whose laws 

 must be practiced with caution. 



Yet, when strict attention is paid lo imitate iia- 

 liire, we have seen t^nod animals ibat were reared 

 !iv band. Anil wia'li grain is che.-ip, comp.ared 

 with mili<, slocrk can be reared cheaper on the 

 skimmed milk, meal, and ront.s, iluui on the nat- 

 ural loud that is furidshed by the mfither. 



Calves are taugbl to drink by putting your fin- 

 gers into their mouths and their mouibs into the 

 drink. After a little |ii;iclice very young ealv<'s 

 will soon learn lo drink without .any nipple in the 

 • inoulh. l\' they are not apt at it you can fiirni a 

 bit of leather into a teat and nail one end of it 

 fast to the bottom of the trough that holds ibe 

 nfdk. Put this into the calf's month and it will 

 answer uti gooil a purpose a.s \ our finger. In a 

 few days they will drink wiibont a te.-it. 



.\fler all, if you would raise tir.=t rale flock, of 



Care of Sheep aud Youug Luinb$. 



Many lambs are lost lor wain of aitiuilion ; 

 and many l()r want of skilful shepherds. When 

 sheep drop them early, while the weather is(!old, 

 Ihey .-ire very apt lo lose them. \\ ben wool is 

 the chief object of the farmer it is not advisable 

 to have early lambs. In this Stale many farmers 

 keep sheep with a view lo make a profit on the 

 meat, p.articnlai ly the lamb'.s meat, and lliey 

 choose to bavi! their lambs come ;is e.arly as Marcli 

 to fit them for an early market. When this is 

 the .system, particular care should be used to save; 

 Ibe young animals and prevent their freezing, 

 for their clothing i.s very thin during their first 

 week. It is not enough to carry ibem into the 

 b.uii, or before a fire, when ibey are found on 

 the snow and unable to stand. VVe have kn</Wn 

 them to die with too mucb warming and nursing. 



.1. A. Morton, Esq., of I ladley, tells us bis meth- 

 od is when his lambs are chilled and uiiahle lo 

 help iheuiselves, lo take them to the house, put 

 them into a tub of w:rrm vvater, more ih.an blond 

 warm, ami nib ibem gently for twenty or thirty 

 minutes; keeping tbetn long enough in the wa- 

 ller to warm t'iem through. He then take.s them 

 out and rubs them gently wiili fiannel till they 

 are (|nile dry. 



Then, in.ste.id of cramming their stomaebs, as 

 many unskilful people do, lei them runabout the 

 rocni! and keep warm by exercise. In a little 

 tune an ;ippeiite will be created, and the little 

 fellows will come round you and ni.ake a teat of 

 almost any part of your clothes. 



When you find they have a sharp ap|ietite for 

 food, give tbern a little warm new milk, or cream, 

 vvilb molassi's in it. This physics ibem. as the 

 first milk from ibc mother always doe.s, and they 

 will soon be able to draw their .sustenance horn 

 tire udder, yheep will not always own their <ift- 

 spring when they ar-e in a large floi'k. 31r'. M. 

 says, in such cases he confines the sheep in a 

 separate pen, and Ire finds no difficrrlty aboirt re- 

 lationship'. 



8lirtfirig the stonKrcb with food, while the lamb 

 is cold and the stourach rmable to act npoir il, is 

 the wor.st policy that can be adopted. Let the 

 stoniacdi crave fond befoi'e it is ailmirrisler'ed. — 

 .Mr-. M. Iras liKinsbt to life lainbs that wei-e so 

 ihoroirghly chilled that they coirld not move a 

 lirtrb. If a linrb is partially tr-ozen it must be put 

 inio cidd water first lo take the frust out gradu- 

 ally. 



VVe tliiirk there is rrriicb i.'ood philosophy iir 

 Mr-. Mnrioir's tri>atirrent of lamlis, anil we hope 

 sheplri rils will coirsider- it well. iMany are lost 

 every year'. They are thrown on lln; drmg heap 

 from despair of their recovery. Some uren hang 

 them on apple trees, a moriument of their own 

 car'elessuess aird folly, vvber'e they look worse 

 ili.'in so many nests of cilerpillers on the limbs. 

 — Mass. Ploii^hninn. 



Study of A;rieulli:re. 



Why should Irol— asks Dr-. Lee, of the Genesee 

 Farmer — a persorr .fliuly the profession which 

 Ire is lo follow ibrough Irl'e r Is lire skillrri culti- 

 vation of iheeartli a |inrsriit not snfficienily hon- 

 orable lo be regarded as a profession'? Or is 

 a:;r'icnllirre of too small iiirporlauce to be studied 

 as a science, as well .as prndiced as an nr<? Why 

 this resolute, Ibis protriieriMl, this hitherto snc- 

 cessfirl opposition to the stirriy of rural econoitry ? 

 We cannot comprehend it. 



Is there really danger that the rising genera- 

 tioir will know loo nrnch ahorrl the natiu'c ;ind 

 properties of' the things which tmrst ever fornr 

 all llreir airmral crops? ."^re we yppieherisive 

 llrirt, if they study ami understand the unerring 

 laws of N.'itnre, so far as they rel.-rte lo lire im 

 prnvemeiil of the soil, aird llie production of bir 

 man fcood, we shall have un over svpphj of ihe 



necessaries and comforts of life ? Perhaps it is 

 thought that nothing can be le;rrneil rdiont the 

 things thai rmile to f'ornr the 20 birshels of " in- 

 crease" from one of seed, that God gives lo re- 

 ward the well diri'cted mil of the buslmndmirn. 

 If this is the stnmliling-bloek, let us see if we 

 cairnol remove it out of lire way. 



A fiirmer sows one bushel of wheat, and har- 

 vests twenty. From what sourci! iloes he derive 

 the irineleeir, to say nothing of the straw that 

 supports the whole crop.' Unless the whole in- 

 crease is an eirtire new creation of mailer-, of 

 coui'se it rrrust all come from somewhere. i\ow, 

 it is obvious tbrrt it would be of no corisequiurce 

 whatever, iclirm this mailer came from, or irhat 

 it was composed of, provided God gave an " in- 

 crease" precisely according to ihe amoirnt of la- 

 bor heslowed, ii res|iective of the folly, igirorairce, 

 or misapplicnlion that nrigirt direct the same. 

 Hut all cxperii'uce confirms the Iriitb of the re- 

 mark, that lle.iven does not so rewnid the labor 

 of the liirnrer. The Author of our being inter- 

 feres by no special |iroviileiice lo save the erring 

 children of rrren from hunger-, disease and death, 

 pi-ovided they violate lire laws of Ntiture. If an 

 inrrocent child pl:ices its finger in the iJatne of a 

 l.-rnrp, neither its imrocenee, nor its ignoi-aiu'e of 

 lire pioperlies of fire, will save it frour lire lull 

 iiijruy ami pain of a burn. 



God Iras coirferred rrpoii man, not only a sense 

 of just accornrtabiliiy to bis IMaker and Iris fel- 

 low nrair, birt rerisoiiiiis: faenbies, memory, and 

 other pmvers, which, when lirlly developed, will 

 understand all the iratrrral laws that concern his 

 subsistence and happiness. These nior-al aird 

 intellectual tircrrlties seem to be ci-ealed to no 

 purpose, unless they are awakened imo life and 

 isefubress, by the physical ami merrt.-rl wants of 

 ruriranily. As a stiniulus lo rural iiiilnst|-y, our 

 IMaker li.-is created a necessity (iiir man to "eat 

 bre;ul in the s«e;it of bis frii-e." This necessity 

 is, nioreovi;r-, 'the nrolher of invention," and the 

 par-eirt of knowledge. Man's necessities arising 

 bom hunger, cold and nakediress, led Irinr lo the 

 use of fire, and to make a ihonsand discoveries 

 in the art.s. These necessiiies still exist in full 

 force. Undoubtedly the Ci-eator could easily 

 have fornred every acre of land, so that the most 

 ignorant nr.-rn alive, might plough and sow it, and 

 reap 100 bushels of wln-at on the saure, year after 

 year-, for his whole lile-tiine, without impairing 



ils fertility. I5ut such al dance vvorrld have 



been an enduring bormiy oir ignorance, if not on 

 vice and crime. Knowledge is necessary lo reno- 

 vale<my large tract of cormtr-y, which has been 

 nrnch injirred by unwise tillage; and ibis knowl- 

 edge can be best .-required jiy uniting the sludy 

 with \\\K prartice of agrii-irbirre. 



The siurly of agricultural science implies no 

 rrrine iror less tlrarr the invesligation of lire laws 

 of our own lieiii;:, as soci.-d, physical, inoi-al and 

 ralioiral crealmes. It is only ,-i question itt' time, 

 when we shall begin to learn what it is that forms 

 good bi-ead, milk, butter-, cheese, pot.-iloe.«, beans, 

 peas, le.-rii meat, wool aird bone. VVe cannol go 

 on forever, inire.-islng hiurgry nroirihs to be fed 

 three linres every day, :ind uasling to lire trrrreof 

 irirtold millions, lire constilirents of'our daily fijod, 

 and \\M pay lor our follj. 



Every body knows tiiat ibere would he some 

 (lif?"ei-ence in a loaf of hre.-rd, whether it was 

 iirade out of a pontril of ;;ood wlieai flnm-, or a 

 poirird of oat str.iw ! VVe are wondcrfirl nice 

 about our o\Mr fiiod, hut we expect our w Irerrl 

 plants lo elaborate fai, muscle, brain irird boiro 

 for us, and to use for ibis, riraterials as liu'eign 

 fiom human tlesh ami blood, as copper-, ar-seiric, 

 ami lead! We are all e.xceedirrgly loird of good 

 bread, milk and potatoes, «hile we heartily des- 

 pise the patient study that uill inform us what 

 are the simple elementary bodies that unite to 

 trrake these arlieles of food. Wegr-eatly maiini- 

 fy the iitrpor-tance of blind, Imrd work. To siudy 

 ibe n.-itnre iitirl pr-operlies of the substances that 

 Nature mnst have lo fbriii 80 birshel.s of corn on 

 air aci-P, is a [lerf'ecl waste of lime! .-V knowl- 

 edge of these ibiirgs can Im of no possible use to 

 the pracli(-;il fniner! Who cares to know what 

 there is in a kei'uel ofcoirr or a mealy pol.-ito ? 

 These things ca'i be made fiiit of nolbiirg — only 

 work hard enough! A galloir of human sweat, 

 pomed evenly ovi-r- an ncie of land, is better 

 than all the agriculrrir-al srievee in the world, be- 

 cause il carr be bad or .■•old any day in August 

 lor fj'ly cents! 



