40 



She ianncf g itl ontl)li?^t6itor. 



meal the meadow and llie vutnure of llie Ariieii- 

 can farmer, and we can hut feel alive to its liisto- 

 ,V as well as its cultiviilion. For cattle and lioff!', 

 there is no produce of the field that can tqiial ii; 

 nnd for inan it only h'ives precedence to the lui- 

 tritiousness of whe»U~ Phtadelphia Farmeis 

 Cabinet, ^ 



Fortbe Farmfr's Monthly Visitor. 

 Guano. 

 The remarks of your correspondent in the last 

 number of the Visitor, .ipon the application of 



Mianures, is worthy, as I H'ink, ol innch atteniioti. hin. 



the throat, is looped to the reins and passes back 

 so as to he convenient to the ilriver, « ho can a 

 pleasure draw it tight and thereby stop the wind 

 „f the animal, when he most sto,,. 5ui tins pro- 

 tection, like all other retiiedies should he m coo , 

 self possessed hands, for if the driver is ln,«ht- 

 ei,cd as much as the horse, he may not think ot 

 il iind liorses that start suddenly ultcn do al the 

 „;-,schicf before e^en coolness could choke them 

 into subordination. Where a horse is excited, 

 and is bpcomiufr firadually nnmanageable, tlien 

 almo-^t any one could keep him under by letti 



ing an act absolutely prohibiting llie importation of for- 

 eign wheat until tlie prin^ in our markets had becn.for 

 lh°ee consecutive month.s above 80s. per quarter. An- 

 other law was p^.sscd in 1822, prohibiting the importa- 

 tion of fernign wheat when the prices were at or under 

 70s. per nuarter; admitting it when between TOs. and 

 80s. at a duly of Vis.; when between SOs. and 8ofi., at 

 a duty of .5s.; and when above 85s. at a duty ol Is.— 

 This law, however, never came into effect, as it was 

 provided that its operation should be delayed until 

 wheat rose ;ibove SOs. per quarter, which did not occur 

 before another aUeration look place. Karlymlh-', 

 Mr Canniii" brou^hl forward a series of resolutions lor 



,., any one could keep hm, im.^r ny nn . ^. ^ ^^ =■„„,,;- i..,o a corn law. He pro- 

 know that be .sunder suhjeilion, '"'^^ ' ''H '"^^ P"''". ,.„„ ^,, .^ =,,p,,rlv similar to the one alter- 



iTthe manure or siiiunlant contains ihal wliicl 

 enters into the material of the crops, be it corn, 

 wheat, potatoes or turnips, &.<:, ihis, with a sm- 

 table preparation of the soil, is the way to obtairi 

 Qffoodcrop. Last season guano was applied 

 in a small quantity, with great success, upon In- 

 dian corn, while upon potatoes no perceptible 

 difterence in the .pianlity resulted from its ap- 

 plication : and where stable iiianure,lull ot straw, 

 was used, a great additional yieUl was had. A 

 crop, it would appear, will no more thrive from 

 the application of manure not adapted, than an 

 animal from food that is refused and rejected. 

 Some soils require lime to make them fertile; 

 others have already a siilTiciency. Plaster acts 

 with wonderful advantage in some instances; in 

 others it appears to have little or no effect at all, 

 and upon farms where it has been used for a long 

 succession of years with advantage, at length its 

 happy influence is no more jierceived. What 

 can this be owing to, but that the soil has a suf- 

 ficient quantity of plaster, and has now become 

 exhausted of some other ingredient that enters 

 into the material of the desired crop ; and it 

 would appear to be the business of science, to 

 furnish this knowledge from the analysis of its 



soils. , , , , 



No farmer, but lias remarked that there is a 

 diflerence in his land in one field and in another. 

 Here a sandy soil is adapted to the growth of 

 certain crops, and there a stiff clayey soil is suit- 

 ed to another. If be changes his crops, he might 

 as well fold his arms and sit idle; all are aware 

 of this; but we are not yet aware, perhaps no 

 man yet knows to the full extent, what is requir- 

 ed in all soils, to give the amplest return for our 

 care and labor. Experience is valuable, very val- 

 uable ; the recorded results of trials sets us to 

 thinking. These are the effects, while the caus- 

 es are hidden from our sight. We have already 

 accomplished much in the w.iy of information ; 

 but chemistry has had a field as extensive, anil 

 we trust, more profitable, than she bus yet achiev- 

 ed in the mechanic arls. 



Some simple, perhaps cheap aihliiion may yet 

 be found, that will render the most barren wasK.s 

 productive ; and men may be foi.ml with a knowl- 

 edge at once to instruct what is best adapted to 

 any and every kind of soil. This branch ol 

 knowledge has already commenced, and as tin- 

 inquiries are pushed and facts multiplied, print- 

 ing, the great preserver and diffuser of huiii;in 

 kn'owledge, will lay them up in store for fuliiri' 

 additions. As agriculture advances, so move the 

 arls, so progresses murals and refineiuent ; the 

 plough is the hiimble iiislrnineiit that uccoiii- 

 plislies so much good for the liiimaii race. Let 

 us do our part, in our time, to give it speed 



..leatlv subdues and breaks the temper and in 

 Mibordinate spirit of a horse ; but, as said al- 

 ready, as in every thing else, there must be judg- 

 ment and coolness in the driver. 1 was remind- 

 ed of lhi» Ibo other day, by the remarks ol a 

 verv wortliv manufacturer of harnesses, to two 

 of ills customers who came in some ten minutes 

 apart, and who inquired about this preventive 

 for broken hones and broken carriages. ' 1 have 

 no opinion, friend I'., of these choke si raps lor 

 horses; do you make many ol ibem ; do they 

 seem to answer the purpose ?" "Not at all, not 

 at all tbev arc a cruel thing; every young chap 

 who -etsbehind a horse wiih oneol these stra|.s, 

 is cunmis to try it; be .Mrains away, chokes the 

 poor animal down ; he falls as if he was knocked 

 on the head with an axe,and nine tunes out ol ten 

 breaks ihe sl.alk of the carriage." ' ^ on are 

 riolit, sir; they are good for nothing but mis- 

 chief and jobs Hir Ihe coach-maker." 



Presently another came in :-" I i':xvc a very 

 bad horse, friend P.; the rascal is well fed, and 

 runs from mere mischief. My wile has quit ri- 

 dinc with him, ami lam half inclined to part with 

 him for a quiet animal." " Do not do that ; the 

 so.rel, is it-he is one of the finest horses m 

 town. 1 can fix him for you ; there is the article 

 iusl here, that put to the bridle and st.q. his wind 

 for him ; it is the very best thing that ever was 

 contrived, and renders the worst horse as quiet 

 ■IS -1 kitten." It is not among the worst traits, 

 'that the dealers in leather suit the tastes of their 

 customers. A hundred years ago, when the red 

 deer was among our bills, and stopped to slake 

 his thirst from our slreams, almost every man 

 and boy wme buckskin breeches. If ihe eu.stom- 

 er on trviu'.' tbem on found them tiglit-"just 

 the thin"", sir; v.e always make them so as to al- 

 low for" their stretching." If loo large, ;' they 

 will be exactly the thing when they shrink to 

 your Shape, and last the longer for being loose. 



posed a sliding scale, nearly similar to the one a Iter- 

 wards carried by the Wellington cabinet and which 

 remained in force until Sir Kobe rt Peel's bill m 1842, 

 which now regulates the admission of foreign corn.— 

 English prijicr. 



P. 



For the F.inncr's Monthly Visitor. 



Choke Rein or Cord, tor Young or Scary 



Horses. 



Many persons in the country are aware, that 

 colls may be stopped when rimiiiiig with their 

 riders, if the latter put the hand to Ihe throat and 

 pinch or sipieeze ihe windpipe, and thereby stop 

 their brcalbing. This is most often done by 

 boys, who catch the colls in the pasture and back 

 tbem for a ride, without sadilh; or bridle. This 

 practice may have suggested to some one the 

 idea of a rein or cord to effect the same object 

 where a horse is in harness, that runs from per- 

 verseness or from fright; and in Scotland it ap- 

 pears to have been first piM in practio', with, as 

 IS said, very complete success. l''or this purpose, 

 an additional pair of reins, or a covered cord is 

 ]icrbnps better, to pass ihrougb rings, one on each 

 side of the l)ridle,jnst below the cirsof ihc horse, 

 so as to bring the cord when drawn, to choke 

 the horse at the root of the tongue, and where 

 the windpipe projects; this cord, passing under 



Sketch of the Corn I,aws.— A short summa- 

 rv of the history of the Corn Laws cannot tail at tins 

 moment to prove interesting. The lirst act lor regala- 

 tin» the rates of duty, was 13th t.co. HI., c. 48. I re- 

 viotis to the passing"of that act, the statutes or orders 

 in Council on the subject were rather dictated by cir- 

 cumstances, such as prosperous and deficient harvests, 

 than any intelligible and settled principles. Usually, a 

 oreater quantitv of corn was gr.iwn than was required 

 for our own consumption. W h,Mi there was a scarcity, 

 Ihe exportation of all kinds of grain was prohibited, 

 ■irid even bounties otVered for importations from abroad. 

 When (Ml the other band, there was a glut in the coun- 

 try bouiitb-s were ollbred for its exportation. 1; rom an 

 early period, certainly as early as the reign of Henry 

 VI the principle of protection to homc-giown corn, 

 has'heen iiiviiri;ibly maintained by our legislature. In 

 the reign of James 1., the importation of loreign wheat 

 was prohibitid when ihc price in the Lnghsh market 

 was below ;!2s. per quarter; and in the rcign ol I liarics 

 II., when the commerce of Rnglaud became more ex- 

 tended, il seems a complete sliding scale was estabh.sli- 

 cd, the duly on foreign wheat b.iug U.S., when he 

 price here was 53s. per quarter or under; 8s. when bc-- 

 iwuen r,:h. and SOs.; and when above the last price all 

 imports to he allowed free. The s imc line of po.cy 

 m:,y be tr.iced pervading the whole of ihe succeeding 

 .■hanges in the laws until 1713, when lliey assumed a 

 more ronstiml and regular shape, liy the act ol 1.! 

 (ico HI., the dnlv was 24s. 3d., when wheat was un- 

 der .'iOs. per euart'cr, and when the price was at or 

 above 64s. the duty was 6d. These rates seemed to 

 h.ivc been fixed wi'th a view of keeping the price ol 

 wheat as nearly as possible at SOs. per quarter— winch, 

 rcg.n-ding the greater value of money in those d.iys, 

 would piaihably he about e.pial to lias, the ipiarter at 

 Ihe present time, t^hortlv after the comm.'n.-em.v I ol 

 the last greal war the pivot was r:,ise.l, and when llie 

 price was below tiSs, per .p.arter, the duty on loreign 

 wheat was 30s. 3d., filling to 7id. when the price 



Capt. Fremont. 



We never perused an article concerning the rise of 

 an American youth with more satisfaction than we fe.t 

 while reading the following authentic and carefuly pre- 

 pared account of Capt. Fremont «f 'h^ I- "'«•'! ,^'^''^* 

 Army, the explorer of Oregon and C ahlornia. In the 

 rise and progress of this gentleman, our young men 



m see an example that cannot but exert a beneficial 

 mfluence. This paper was tirsl published in the New 

 York Mirror, from a correspondent, and It should be ex- 



'"tS'rZ^i, whose celebnited explorations in the 

 fartherest west is now the theme of anivprsal applause, 

 is a n.ilive of gouth Carolina, the son ol a widow, and 

 the architect of his own fortunes. Left an orphan at 

 four years of age, with a brother and sister youriger 

 than -himself, his mother until be was seventeen pro- 

 vided for his support and education ; at that : ge he be- 

 .an to provide fcr himself, and lor those comiected with 

 him. For three years he taught mathematics, perfect- 

 in., his own education, and giving all li.s earnings be- 

 yond his necessary support, to his mother ind the two 

 younger children. At the age of twenty, his skill .n 

 •mathematics procured him employment on 'e railroad 

 explorations undertaken by the btate of ^outh Caro ii a, 

 to connect the Atlantic ocean and the Ohio river at the 

 iwo points of Charleston and Ciucmnali, and 'b's gave 

 him occupation in the mountainous region of ISorth 

 Carolina and Tennessee, and hrst inured him to moan- 

 t-i'in life and led him to commence the scientihc obser- 

 vations of the heavens and earth, he has since extended 

 over so vast a field. While engaged in this business 

 an increase was made by Congress m some hranohes 

 of the regular army. <;en. .lackson was iheu I resident 

 of the luited States, and directed one half ol the new 

 appointments to be from this class of citizens; and out 

 of this class the young Fremont oblamcd a place among 

 the junior otficer.; of the Topographical engineers. 1 he 

 wise and patriotic decision of General Jackson opened 

 the door for this appoiutmcut, but it required the ...erit 

 of the applicant to obtain it. 1 be Topographical Corps 

 is eminently scientific; aiul the young Iremonl, never 

 having been at the national .Military Academy, had to 

 stand an examination before he could be appointed.— 

 \ board of eminent olbcers examined him. He stood 

 the lest of this severe ordeal. He triumphed m his 

 examination, and thus won his way to a place which 

 the enlightened palriotism of Jackson had laid open to 

 the coumelition of friendless merit. This was a first 

 fruil-a rich one-of having been a teacher of mathe- 

 mitics W hat m encouragement to young men who 

 have hi advance themselves In ihcir own exertions. 



No sooner was he appemted than he went into active 

 service in the licKI. and spent the first year in the Che- 

 rokee country, in the topographical surveys (under 

 Capt Willian.s') which the apprehended hostilities cf 

 the Southern Indians rendered necessary to the expect- 

 ed military operations. The next year he was^sent as 

 nn assistant to the celebrated Astronomer Mr. Nicollet 

 to the valbv of the upper Mississippi, and was engaged 

 two years ,n that remete region, in aiding that eminent 

 savan in collecting the materials, veril) lug the lads, 

 and instituting the seventy thousand meteorological ob- 

 servations, upon which the great hyerographic and to- 

 pographic map of Nu-ollet and Fremont was construct- 

 ed? and from which so many publishers ol n.aps h,, o 

 levied •• contributions- wi.ho.,1 ackMiowledgiug the 

 source from which tbev came. In 1843, Lieut. Ire- 

 monl lirst became commander of a separati; •'^P'^.'h >™ 

 and explored the country bctwc.n 1 ,e Mississippi river 

 aud the Kocky mountains to the South I'ass of V reiiiont 8 

 Peak; and the brief, modest, military and scicntihc re- 

 port vlhich he made of this explnration m.mediatelv 

 '„,„,„ l,is name known in I.urope and America as o„c 

 of the distinguished , xplor.is ol the ago. 1. 84-4 

 he went upon his great exploration to Oregon an. Nmth 

 Califoruia the report ol which, published by oriUr ol 

 ,-. Iress isnow' attracting univcsa attention. In 

 1S45, ho was gone upon his third expedition, deern, li- 

 ed upon a coiirpletc military and scient.lic '•M-l"''- "" 

 of all the vast and almost unknown regions between 



;eac'hed litis. These duties were advanced soon affr- "'""'""; j;j;j;;i,;;'"„'i,d ,he 'i'ucilic OCCail, and bc- 

 ward., and in 1815. Mr. Robinaoi. succeeded in pass-' the Ko.ky Mouuiains 



