iij. .m.m H m>n}' wu 'rm 



^\)C laxnufs illouti)li) lliriitor. 



47 



as f,'i)i)(l, anil, indeed, is just llic satue as the best 

 nl' laiK! sugar. We gcia-rally find it hi a suiiiu- 

 u hat iMi)nire state ; conlaiiiiiip: a |ioi-tiiiii of tlir 

 aslriiii;eiit iiiatter id' Ihe iiia|ili', ami, oC course, 

 dit-colured In a|i[ieaiaiicf, and nut |ini-e to llie 

 lasif. Almost every oiiu vviio makes sngar lias 

 some rule ol'liis own. A year or tuo a^o we re- 

 t-eivBd some from a friend in Alt. Vernon, tluil 

 was perlectly ciyslalized, but we liavo not yel 

 iiscerlained llic |iroces.s liy uliieb it vvas done. — 

 As u general tiling', lliere is loo lillle care tiikeii 

 ill keepin}; the sap and llic kettles clean. 'J'lie 

 sap is most commonly canj;lit in rude troil.ylis, 

 tliat probably bave lieeii out ill ibe weatber ibir- 

 injr several seasons; and wlien eolIecte<l, poured 

 iiiU) Ibe kettle witlioiit slrainin;.'. No alteiiliuii is 

 lid U) ibe condilion of tlie .sap, wlielber it be 



no 



pii 



Physiology, Health, &c. 



Wilboiit btallli and streni;lli, a farmer cannot 

 accomplisb miicb. Tb€se blessinf,'s depend so 

 inncb ou tlic kind and cpialily and quantity of 

 our ibiily food [but ibe Ibllowiu^' lablcs must be 

 iiiteresliujr to ibose wlio desire to know soiiit- 

 lliin;; of tbc mailer. 



Tbu first table sliows ibe comparative nulri- 

 ment contained ill 1000 pans of tbe various ar- 

 licles of food iienerally used. We find il in tbe 

 " .'biji-to Jlmeriam," in a review of a book by 

 Jolm Siiiilb, eiililled " i">»i'(s and Fiirinureii, tlic. 

 Proper Food of Mim.' 



w liellier it 

 sum- or not, vvbclber il be clean or not, and 

 iroiiblu taken to clarify it. 



Among tbe iiiaiiy directions given fortlie man- 

 uliiciure of ibis kind (d' sugar, we like best ibose 

 given by iMi-. li. W.Clark of Oswego, N. Y. VVe 

 btilieve be oblained a preuiinm for some of bis 

 sugar. The following are the directions be gives 

 lor ihe |,rocess : 



" Wlieii tbe syrup is redueed to a consistency 

 of West India molasses, 1 set it away liH it is per- 

 feclly cold, and then mix vvilb il ibe clarifjing 

 Oialter, vvldcb is iiiilli or eggs, I prefer eggs to 

 iiiilk, bc'causc vv1k',ii beal-iMi, the whole of il ciir- 

 ille.s, whereas milk produces only a small portion 

 of curds. The eggs should be well liealen, niid 

 etleetiiallv niixi'd vtith thefyrup wbilet'old. Tire 

 syrnp siimild then be Jiealed iiulil just belore it 

 vvonld boil, when 5lie ,c*u<l litses, bringing vvilb it 

 every ii;ipjjrity, even ihe C'doriug mailer, or a 

 greai pfirlion ol'it, which it bad received from the 

 smoke, kettles, buckets, or reservoirs. The boil- 

 ing should be i!be.cked, and the seiiiii carefully 

 re'uioiext, when the syrup should be slovvly turned 

 into a thick woolen strainer, and lel'l to run 

 ihrougb at its leisure, i would reuitirk that a 

 great proportion of llie sugar thai is made in our 

 counlry is not strained after cleansing. This is an 

 error. ' lfe.\amined in a wine glass, iiimimerable 

 minute and almost iiiiperceptible particles of curd 

 will be seen floaling in it, wliicdi, if not removed, 

 render il liable to burn, and otberwioc injure the 

 laste and color of it, 



"A Daiiiiel strainer does this much better than 

 a linen one. Jt is indeed indispensable. As to 

 tlie (piaiilily of eggs necessary, one [liiH to a pnil- 

 fidl of syrup is ainply siifficieni, and balfas much 

 will do very well, I now put my syrup into an- 

 other kettle, wbiLdi lias been made perfectly clean 

 and bright, vvbnn il is placed over a quick, solid 

 fire, and soon rises, but is kept from overflowing 

 by being ladled with a long dipper. When it is 

 siitlicicntly reduced, (I ascertain Ibis by dropping 

 it iVoiii the point of a knife, while hot, into an 

 inch of cold water — if done, it will not iinniedi- 

 Btely mis with the water, but lies at the bottom 

 in a round l!at drop.) it is taken from the fire, and 

 tbe foaming allovve<l to subside. A thick wliiie 

 scum which is usable is removed, and the sii^'ar 

 turned into a cask, placed on an iiielined |ilat- 

 foriii, and left undisturbed lijr six weeks or long- 

 er, vvlieu it should be tapped in the bottom and 

 Ibe molasses drawn off. Il will drain [lerleetly 

 dry in a few days. 



"The eugar made in this way is very nearly as 

 white as lime sugar, and beaulirully grained. — J 

 We have always sold ours at the liiglie.«t price of 

 Mnseovadoes; and when these sugars bave sold 

 at eighteen cents, ours found a ready market at 

 Iweiily. Two hands will sugar off 250 lbs. in a 

 day. From the scum taken off in cleansing, 1 

 usually make, by dilntiiig and re (deaiislng, one- 

 fiixtb as much as I bad at first, and of an equal 

 quality." 



Maple sap makes a very palatealile drink, and 

 those who bave only a tree or two in their vicin- 

 ity, can, at the present lime, supply themselves 

 very easily with it by lapping and catcbing llie 

 8ap. Il is also made into a very pleasant beer. 

 It is excellent to feed bees with, and is the first 

 thing that offers itself, of Ibe sprinj iiroduet, for 

 that purpose. — Maine Farmer. 



lioi.cs 510 



Muuon ~'M) 



Clucken "-'0 



Bed atiO 



VmI 2ill 



liiO 



Mil 



T2 



I'.irk 



Bl 1 



Cotllish 



Bi:iili 



drapes 



A|>ricols.. . . 



Putiilet-s... . 



cs.. . . 



. il.iO lV':ic: 



, 9.10 

 1)20 

 . !)9G 

 .890 

 . 830 

 . SOO 



(Jdnsburrics 



■\|M'les 



Pears 



Bpel Root 



Sirau burries 



Cnrruls 



J'ilCalihnne.. 



. .240 



..210 

 .. 210 

 . . 200 



,..200 

 .. 2(JU 

 . . 250 

 , . . 200 

 ...190 

 .. 170 



. . ii;o 

 ...lis 



...120 

 ... 93 



Haddock , 



While ot Efi 



MilU 



Wheal 



iSuls 



Peas(Ji7) 



Barlev 



Morris 



Beans (dry) 



Hicc 



({read 



Rye 



Oats 712 Turnips 1-2 



Almonds C50 Melons X 



'rauiariiids SIO Cucumber 23 



Plums 290 



Anotiier element of licallb. says the Reviewer, 

 aiul consf.'iuently of slreiigtli, is ihe l;iciljty of 

 digestion. From Dr. Beaumont's Tables it ap- 

 fU'.MS llial llie following articles were converted 

 into elide, viz : digeiiled, in lUa times indicated : 



U. M. 



.1 

 .1 30 



. 1 45 



..2 

 ..2 30 

 .,2 4.5 

 ..3 

 ..3 15 

 ..3 30 

 .,1 

 ..135 

 -.2 3 

 ..2 39 



Frazier says — " 1 certainly blame no young la- 

 dy, who has been accustomed to the ordinary el- 

 egancies of life, for refusing to marry a poor 

 man ; but must beg luy sweet friends to recollect, 

 though a man without money is iioor, a man 

 wilb nothing but money is poorer. 



Rice, Uoiled soil ,.,.. 



Ap[)les, sweet and ripe 



Sago, boiled • 



Tapioca, Barley, stale bread. Cabbage, willi Vine 

 gar, raw, b.iil'ed MilU and Bread and .MilU,coid. 



Po"taloes. roasted, and Parsnips, boiled 



Baked Custard... 



Apple Dumpliiii,' 



Bread Corn, baked ; and Carrots, boiled 



Potatoes and Turnips, boiled; Butter and Cheese. 



Tripe and Pigs' I'eet 



Venison •• 



Oysters, undressed ; and Kggs, raw 



Turkey and Goose 



Eaus, solt boiled. Beef and Mutton, roasted or boiled 3 

 Boiled Pork, stewed Oysleis, Eggs hard boiled or 



Iried 3 30 



Domestic Fowls 4 



Wild fowls ; Pork, sailed and boiled; Suel 4 30 



Veal, roasted ; Pork, and salted Beef o 30 



Both tbe preceding tables are instructive, and 

 deserving of attention. 



VVe have already observed (be continues) that 

 food tnay be loo nutritive for health. Innnniera- 

 ble instances might be adduced in support of 

 this fact. Take one or two in regard to infeiior 

 animals: 



" The dog fed by Majendie on white bread and water, 

 died in the course ot seven weeks ; liuL another led by 

 him on brown soldier's bread, (pain de inunllion) did not 

 suffer. When dogs were led on sugar and water, lljey 

 died in a month ; but if a considerable portion ofsaw-dusl 

 be mi.^ed with Ihe suaar, their heaUh will not be afTecled 

 by it.allhough Ihey are naturally carnivrrous animals. — 

 It was also shown that an ass led on rice died in filteen 

 days ; but if a large (|uanluy ol chopped straw hail been 

 mixed with the rice, he would have continued to live and 

 be well. ' Horses ted exclusively on meal or grain, will 

 die ill a short time ; but mix their meal or gram with a 

 suitable proportion of tut sliaw or wood shavings and 

 they will thrive and liccoinc fat. And it is an interesting 

 fact, that if horses be led on grain alone, with tbe excep- 

 tion of water, for a number oi' d.iys, they will instinctive- 

 Iv gnaw the boards, or wlialever woody substance is with- 

 in their leach.' ■' 



We cannot close ibis article better, made tip I 

 as it is of extracts, tlian by copying the following 

 rules about diet, eating, fi-c. Dr. Beanmont of 

 the U. S. Army, gives the following inqiorlaut 



rules: 



1. Bulk. or. loodpossfs.singa due proportion of innutn- 

 cioua matter, is best calculated to preserve the pernia- 

 nenent welfare of the organs of digestion, and the general 

 health of the system. 



2. The food should be plainly and simply prepared, with 

 no other seasoning than a lillle salt, or occasioually a very 

 little vinegar. 



3. Full and deliberate mastication, or chewing, is ol 

 great importance. 



1. Swallowing the food slovvly, or in small quantities, 

 and at short intervals, is very necessary. 



5. A quantity not exceeding the real wants of economy 

 is of prime importance to health. 



Ij. Solid aliment, thoroughly masticated, is lar more sa- 

 lutary than soups, broth. .Vc. 



7. Fat meal, butter, and oily substances of every kind 

 are difficult of digestion, offensive to the stomach, and 

 tend to derange that organ and induce d'seasg. 



8. Spices, pepper, stimulating ami heating condiments 

 of every kind, retard digestion anti injure the stomac!^'. 



9. Coll'ee and lea debilitate tlie Bloniacli, and impairHi.- 

 gcstion. 



I'l.OUOHING NEAR THE Salerno. — The fields' 

 being without li^nces, have nu open look; and 

 ibe mingling of men and women together in llieir 

 cnltivalion, gives tbein a cbeipicred appearance, 

 and renders llieni very picturesque, lu the mid- 

 illo of !i large green wheat field would be a group 

 of men and women wcetling the grain ; the red 

 pelticoala and the blue spencers of the latter con- 

 Irasting beautifully with the color of the fields. 

 In one plot of ground I s;ivv a team and a mode 

 of plougliiiig (piile imiqiie, yet withal very sim- 

 ple. Tbe earth was soft, as if already broken 

 up, and needed only a lillle mellowing: to effect 

 ibis, a man bad harnessed bis wife lo a plough, 

 w liicli she dragged to and fro wiib all the patience 

 of tin ox, be in the mean lime bolding it bebind, 

 as il' he bad been accustomed to drive, and she 

 to go. She, with a strap around her breast, lean- 

 ing gently forward, and lie bowed over the plough 

 behind, presented a most curious picture in the 

 middle of a field. The plough here is a very 

 simple instrument, having but one handle, and 

 no share, but in its place a pointed piece of wood, 

 sometimes shod with iron, |)rojecling forward like 

 a spear; and whicb merely passes ibrongb the 

 uroutid like a sharp-poinled stick, wilbout turn- 

 ing a sinooib furrow like our own. — Letters from 

 liabj. 



Effi-cts of Crossing on thf, Constitd- 

 xioN. — Those cliisses of Ibe human race which 

 preserve their blood free from mixture with stran- 

 gers, while lliey have less variety in external ap- 

 pearance, an<l [lerbaps less variety in tbe scope 

 of menial capacity, than ibose who cross 

 and recrosR at pleasure, bave more endur- 

 ance in action, firmer atlaclimenls to purposes, 

 and less desultory impiMiiosity. This is a physi- 

 cal truth. Tbe expltination of it is difficult ; but 

 il may be illustrated and comprehended in some 

 degree by those who study the animal fabric, and 

 who are acquainted with the laws of animal eco- 

 my. In briile animals — horses, sheep and cattle 

 — the mixiure of diferent races is observed to 

 chance the qualities, lo improve ibe beauty, and 

 1 to enlarge the size ; it diiuiuishes the huriliness 

 and tbe security of the physical liealtb. In man 

 llie mixture of ditTerent races improves beauty, 

 aiigmenls the volume of the bodily organ.s, and 

 even [lerliaps expands the sphere of intellect. It 

 diininisbes the power of enduring toil, and ren- 

 ders the habit more susceptible to the causes of 

 disease. — Jackso7i's Economy of Animals. 



Old Bread the Best.— It has been found 

 that baked bread on the first day produces from 

 seventy-one lo sevenly-iiine per cent, of nutritive 

 matter, while that five "days old yields from eighty- 

 one lo eighty-two per cent. New bread loses 

 the five per cent, of its weiglit by evaporation in 

 cooling. Aside from the advantages of stale 

 bread in its niitrilive matter, it is more whole- 

 some, more etisily digested, has more taste iind is 

 sweeter; while new liread lies heavily in tbe 

 stomach and is of diflicull digestion. With these 

 advantages il is strange that most people reject 

 slale bread or prefer llie new. It has been fouiifl 

 thai, on feeding llie poor, very stale bread mixed 

 vvilb soup is far more satisfying than any other 

 lliey can obtain. Thus ibe [aboriiig classes con- 

 sume one-eighth more bread than would be ne- 

 cessary if stale bread were used ; or a family that 

 consnined six pounds of bread per day woiihl ex- 

 pend, at the present price, some ten dollars more 

 a year by eating new, than by eating slale bread, 

 Willi all the oilier di.sadvanlages we have men- 

 tioned. 



Cure for Whooping Codgh.— A teaspoonful 

 of castor oil to a teaspoonful of molasses; Give 

 a teaspoonful of the mixiure whenever the cough 

 is troublesome. It will aflbrd relief at once, and 

 in a few days it effects a cure. The same medi- 

 cine relieves the croup, however violent the at- 

 tack. — J^'at. Intelligencer. 



Guano Poisonous.— Tlie Dublin Farmers' 

 Gazelle mentions the case of a man who lost his 

 life by bolding a corner of a guano-bag in bis 

 moiitli, by which a portion of the dust was drawn 

 into histbroat. 



