76 



^[)t jTanncr's iHontl )lij fatsitor. 



nettled at the dislione.n distinclior). If the West 

 liidiniis h.id been liliendly treated by the Oiiv- 

 einiJient, mid allowed the ()|)|)Oitiiiiity of |moi'iii-- 

 iiif; a siillieient sii|i|dy of lahor, they could h;iv(' 

 competeil with the slave ymiver, and the odhiiii 

 under which they now lahor, of stamlin;:; lielwecii 

 the iMOther-coiiiitry and a plenlifnl sM|i|ily of su- 

 gar, would have been reiiiovcd. To exclude 

 slave grown su<;ar, while we admit slave ^'rowii 

 cotton, and nuiid)erless other articles, raised by 

 slave labor, makes the anomaly more palpable 

 and absmrl. , , r a 



The ncconiits which came to hand (rom A- 

 nierica recently had no visible ell'ect on the price 

 of the English securities. The selilemeui ol the 

 Orppoii oil the basis of the 4iUh paiallel con- 

 tinues to be rejrarded as a thing that must he— as 

 a fair settlement, to which the leading states- 

 men on both sides of the Atlantic will combine 

 to give their aid. The interminable discussions 

 on'lhe subject in the Senate bear a striking^ af- 

 finity to the dreary waste of words in the F^ng- 

 lish House of Commons on the Coercion and the 

 Corn Bill.'*. 



The commercial accounts froiTi India, which 

 came to hand yesterday, show an improved feel- 

 ing in that distant land. Peace is restored, and 

 romnierce, the handmaid of peace, will partici- 

 jiate in the general prosperity. A summary of 

 the political and the commercial intelligence will 

 lie found in another column. 



The Canadian Timber trade has painfully ex- 

 perienced the effects resulting from the dispute 

 amongst the masters and the operative builders. 

 Business, in consequence of the stagnation, has 

 lieen suspended, and the review of the last month 

 in this branch is a dreary monotony. 



Imports of Noith American Produce, from ihe 

 1st to the 30tli of April, I84G, inclusive :— From 

 United States: Beef, 1(W9 tierces, 1335 bris; 

 Pork, (il.5 hits; Hams, 138 csks; Tallow, 275 

 bhds, .')70brls; Lard, .323!) brIs, 7041) kgs; But- 

 ter, 257 csks; Cheese, 377 csks, IGGS bxs; Ashes, 

 100 pot; Hides, 5100; Wheat, GGfio qrs; Flour, 

 C8,<J98 bils.— y. and C. Khkpnlrkk. 



Importation of Food from America. — Dur- 

 ing the last few days the importation of provis- 

 ions from the United States, &c., at London and 

 Liverpool, by the following shi|is:— the Wel- 

 lington, Ihe Roscoe, the Coverdale, the (lero of 

 SidcHi, the Hero of Acre, the Jllione, the .Man- 

 chester, the Huron, the Henry Blis.s, \\\t: Hol- 

 lingiier, the Sir C. Campbell, the Lucy Wright, 

 tinj Miltiade.*, and the Lndy Sale, comprise — 

 Bushels of Wheat, 3,000 



JJurrels of Flour, 30,000 



Bushels of Indian Corn, 18,000 



Package's of FJeef, 2,000 



Packages of Pork, 1,000 



Packages of Lard. 4,000 



PackaL'>'S of Oil Cake, 2,000 



Packages of Cloverseed, 100 



Packages of Bacon, 100 



Packages of Hams, 200 



Packages of Bread, 100 



Packages of Tonguc.-i, 20 



Hampers of Potatoes, 10 



African Cotton. — .At a meeting <d" iIk! So- 

 ciety of Arts, a few days back, a paper was read 

 by ^Ir. Hanks, on the colton produced in Hon- 

 duras and Yucatan. The more immedi.ile olijecl 

 of the paper was lo show that the weslern coast 

 of Africa could grow colton enough (iir all the 

 world. .America, the paper argued, supplies us 

 vviih L.'iOO.OOO bales; India and other sources 

 .'iO.OOO ball's. In America ihe avenige crop was 

 400 lbs. per acre ; while experience b.id proved 

 that in Africa 800 lbs., and even 1000 Ih.". per 

 acre might easily be produced. The iialives, ac- 

 cording to the nusslonary aecounis, and .'iccoid- 

 ing to his own experience, were both willing and 

 able to uuilerlake ils ciihure, since, even now, 

 wilhoiit ihe employment <d'auy capilal, the) gnu 

 cotton, and brought it inli) (\vci'llent fabrics for 

 their own use. To couipele with Atucri<'a il 

 would be only necessary lo employ Fnglish capi- 

 lal, and to inlrodiice Iwo iiistrunieiiis usid in 

 America, and by which the coltiui id' that country 

 was brought to its great perlicliiin — \\/..: the 

 flaw cliniii anil the screw press. Hy the liirmer 

 the cotloii is freed of ils impurities; bylhelallcr 

 it was rapidly cut iiilo bales. I\lr. liaiiUs' pinjecl 

 appears to be another of those amiable inoon- 

 Eliine speculations which huvo alrcudy cost Fng- 



land so many valuable lives and so much trea- 

 sure. 



{^y For several years the [lulilic attention was 

 drawn lo the I'^ist Indies as likely to supersede 

 the United Slates of America in the great article 

 of the commerce of the world: all the British 

 experiments having failed there, the philanthrop- 

 ists now turn to Africa which, under the the em- 

 ployment of British capital, may be made lo 

 "compete with America" with the aid of .Ameri- 

 can inventions in raising and preparing it for the 

 market. The appellation of "amiable moon- 

 shine speculations" hy the British editor is very 

 well. We could desire nothing better for this 

 country than the attempt to civilize free negroes 

 and the growth of cotton in Africa by Great 

 Britain: for this purpose the "generous south" 

 would spare them one half of her colored Afri- 

 can race, and make room for soutliern Germans 

 and others as laborers who will hereafter make 

 good American citizens. To grow their cotlon 

 in Africa it should be the policy of the United 

 States to give every encouragement to Great 



Britain. 



"The quantity of cotton twist and yarn ex- 

 ported from England in 1845, was 135,I44,8(i5 

 pounds, and in value £0,0(53,2.35."— Z-i't). Timts. 



The raw material of which this cotlon twist 

 and yarn was made came from the United Slates: 

 its value, in the hands of the British manufactur- 

 ers, was increased four-fold. Wiih the present 

 dependence of Great Britain on America for her 

 supply of raw cotton, we should as soon almost 

 think she would point her artillery against her 

 own parliament house as declare war against 

 America. Her interest, at this time and for years 

 to come probably, will force her to be civil to this 

 country. 



Friendly International Addressf-s. — The 

 Rritaiinia, which sails to-day, takes out five 

 Friendly International Addresses from different 

 towns and cilies in England to the same number 

 (d' cilies in the United Slates. The most re- 

 maikable of these addresses is the one from the 

 women of Exeler to the tmmen of Philadelphia, 

 signed hy sixteen hundred of our fair country- 

 women. 



The nuudier of German emigranls on their 

 way to the Ailanlic ports this season has been 

 estimated at 80,000. 



The sugars of Siam, from the 1st of July 

 next, will not be considered as the produce of 

 slave, labor. 



Large qn.intiiicsof cloverseed, from the United 

 Stales, have been imported into Holland and other 

 European countries. 



Fears are entertained ihat the cholera will visit 

 Western Europe in the course of the present 

 summer. In Germany the alarm ou this subject 

 IS considerable. 



(Jj^ This terrible disease would hardly travel 

 with more celerity than it did in 1832, if it 

 should sweep through the United Suites the en- 

 suing autumn. 



"The winter, whiih was so unusually mild in 

 England, has been succeeded by a cold and dis- 

 agrt!c;ilile spring."— -J^/i'ii. Times. 



Oy* For the three past years we have observed 

 that both unusually pleasant or unpleasant wea- 

 ther, droughl or wet, Iravelled across from I'"ng- 

 land lo New England in llie space of finni four 

 to six weeks and were nearly of identical char- 

 acter. So the [nesent year corresponding, we 

 have six weeks after the first of April very plea- 

 sant, and the lime since the I'^lli of IMay nnnal- 

 iirally cold. 



liui.AND. — The accounts from various parls of 

 ihe country give painful evidence (d' the existing 

 dislriss. i\Iaiiy of Ihe districts are sullering the 

 horrors of famine, and fever is on the increase. 

 The Uallinasloe .Advertiser stales ihnl ihe dislriei 

 hospilal ill that town is very crowdid. There 

 are many fever case?. The Gulaway fllcrcury 



gives an account of a relief meeting in that dis- 

 trict, where the sniii subscribed was totally in- 

 aflequate to the emergency of the evil. In Mal- 

 low, fears of an oiitliicak have been general. In 

 Clogheen, oatmeal and coarse flour had been dis- 

 tributed to above 1000 starving creatures. In 

 Waterlbrd, the respeciahlesum of £850 bad been 

 subscribed in one day, and other sums had since 

 been added. In Traltre, money had been r.iised 

 and provisions distributed to the famishing popu- 

 lace. The accounts from the districts on the 

 south and south-western districts are nearly uni- 

 form in their statements of the destitution, and 

 apprehensive for the continuance of the peace. 



II 



I 



The Massachusetts Essex County Agricultural 

 Society publishes annually a pamphlet, on legible 

 fair type and good paper, covered and stitched, 

 containing all its transactions for the year with 

 the annual address. We are indebted to the kind- 

 ness of Hon. Daniel P. King, member of Con- 

 gress from Essex, for a copy of tlie Transactions 

 of 1845, in which we are glad to see him appear- 

 ing in the character of an experimental farmer as 

 he is a politician and scholar. The Transaclions 

 present the better part of practical liirming in old 

 Essex, where more actual pioHis are derived from 

 the proceeds of labor on the soil than in almost 

 any other district of the United States. In confir- 

 mation of the theory of cnmpost manures which, 

 the editor of the Visitor is most anxious to de- 

 monstrate, may in a short lime double and treble 

 the fiirmer's products wilhout the purchase of 

 more land, we present from the Transactions the 

 following. 



We commend to other agricultural associations 

 an annual publication such as has issued from the 

 Fanners of Essex for more than twenty years, 

 making several volumes of interesting matter to 

 all such as delight in the progress of agricultural 

 improvements. 



From Transaclions of Ihe Essex Ag. Society for 184.'). 

 DAVID wood's STATEMF.NT. 



To (he Committee on Manures tind Composts : 



Ge.ntlemf.n : — At the request of several prac- 

 tical agriculturists, I am induced lo call your at- 

 tenlion to a compost of manure, prepared on my 

 farm duriiiff the present year. 



The heap is composed of materials as at foot, 

 and placed in layers of from six inches to a foot, 

 according lo the nature of the materials. The 

 heap has been saliiraled from time to liini- with 

 leu hogsheads of soap boiler's lye, and two hogs- 

 beads of mine from my stable tank. The liea|) 

 was coumieuced in August, 1814, and increased 

 from time lo lime as the maU'rials reipiired re- 

 moving, or at "odd jolis," when there was no oth- 

 er enqpluyment for my hands and leani, and fin- 

 ished in December. It was, however, opened in 

 January, (not having frozen on top during the 

 whole winter,) at the e.'unest entreaty ol'a ncigli- 

 lior, whose horse had died and he wished the 

 body inlerred. 



The heap consisls of — 

 4G Loails of strong manure from ihe hog yaril, 

 71 " salt meadow sods, ("rom the hanks of the 

 IMerriiiiack, 



8 " loam, lop soil where a road was formed, 

 5 " lime and hair frnin the Ian pits, 



G " decayed chips from ship yard, 



9 " aulhracile coal ashes, 

 1,5 " polalo vines, 



2 " refuse sizing from sleani factory, 

 2 Carcasses of liorse.s, brought In the spot, 

 2 Hogsheads of mine iVom my stable lank, 

 10 " of so.ip boiler's lye, hauled from 



Newhuryport. 

 The materials lierc used, w illi ihe exception of 

 the mamiie from my stable, and live loads of mai- 

 ler fiiim tin! tan yard, cost meit'ly ihe labor of 

 liaiiliii". The heap was llu'o\vn over last week, 

 fill' ihe first time, and upon opening, "ith the cx- 

 ccplinn of about eighleen iuchen on ihe tides in 

 thickness, which by re.ison of an uncommonly 

 dry summer, were baked hard, it was fiiuinl in a 

 perfect ina.«s of dccompo>iiion, of iiboui the con- 

 sistency of brick layeis' mortar. emiltiiii; an odor 

 so pow'erful that I observed those occupied in 



