84 



<S1)C Jarmci's iiloutl]li) btsitor^ 



butter, and as many vaiielies of vr.gctairtes Jis he 

 clioosti', three liines a lUty, ami have a "chicken 

 ill his put" not only "on i^un(hiy," hut on any 

 oll;(;ril:iy in ihc wclIv! .^lorr ihaii lliis. lie Ciiii 

 send liis cliildren to school five or six niontlis in 

 the year, milil lliey are Iti or 17 years old, and 

 can, a<id olien docs, educate lliein to the learned 

 [iroiessions. Great as the difference is, however, 

 benveen the cx|ienditures— the "outgoes" — o( 

 the Aniercati and Irisli farmer, it hy no means 

 explains thu jnotistiuus discrepancy hetweerj a 

 given amount of land supporliiif; sixty persons 

 or only six. Nor do the hiyliest market prices at 

 « hicli products are sold in Ireland, explain il. 

 Sayin? nothimr alxnit the people, the amount ol 

 slock kept on the lanil shows conclusively, as 1 

 have helorc stale*!, that such farmers as those 

 whose funis and stock are enutneralcd in the 

 foregoing table, actually obtain a much larger 

 product per acre, than the proprietors of the best 

 American lands. The <piesiion ajiaiii arises, 

 whence is il ? This is best answered by consiil- 

 erin^' the .system of husbandry under which lliey 

 ohlaln these results, the jieiii system, as it is calleil, 

 introduced hy Mr. lilaker. 



Mr. B. found these small farms imperfectly 

 drained, notwilhstauding they were cut up into 

 various small plats or fielils by numerous ditches. 

 Mr. B. inlrodnced llnrow-draining, and urged the 

 levelling of all the sin-face ditches. This result- 

 ed in a considerable saving of the land, — and the 

 whole laru), with the exception of the enclosure 

 about the bacns, &c., is thrown into one field. 

 The crops are then put in in "stri|>s" across the 

 entire farm. This ol' course is fulloweil hy the 

 practice of soiling the whole stock. Mr. B. con- 

 tends that two cows can be thus summered from 

 the same land one would rucpiire if pastured. 

 He also recommends a larger proportion of roots 

 and other cjops lo be feil green, ihan we know 

 auyihiug about in this counlry. This is ncccss:,- 

 ry where the soiling system is pursued, and it 

 leads loan indefinite increase of manures. These 

 manures, increased by coiri|iosts, tmd protected 

 from the weather, are sirfiicieut in many iiittun- 

 ces to give a dressing to one-ihird of ilic whole 

 f»nn I 



Such is a bare outline of the systeni. How 

 much of it would be applicable here, the good 

 sense of each one must determine. That it has 

 wrought a gre;it aii«! ameliorating change in a 

 portion of Ireland, under the auspices of Lord 

 Gosford and Mr. Blaker, there can he no doubt. 

 It is rapidly extending in that country. .Agricul- 

 turists — some of lliem tenants — tutored under 

 the eye of Mr. Blaker, are constantly going out 

 to take charge of other estates, thus siueading 

 the system far and wide. Success to them ! 

 Success to the pioneers in this philanthropic 

 work ! Across the w ide .\tlantic, we tender them 

 the meed of American sympathy, and American 

 praise. 



From the New Genesee Farmer. 

 Purchasing Batter. 



"Is your butter gooil.""' said 1 to the farmer. 



" Good ! my vviiii has made butter these twen- 

 ty year.^, and I slioidd think she imi;ht tojciiow 

 how to make good butter by tltls time !" 



He was evidently offended. 



" Well, let us examine it." The cover was ta- 

 ken off the tub, the clean white cloth (which had 

 been wet in brine) rolled up, and the yellow trea- 

 sure rcveale<l. It certainly did look good. 



"It tastes sweet, hut how very sail it is." 



" We always make our butter salt, to have it 

 keep at this season." 



" Let us see if the buttermilk is as well worked 

 out as the salt its in." 



Some of the lolla were pressed down with the 

 ladle. 



"Now, my friend, if your vvife^ins made butler 

 these twenty years, she does not know how lo 

 make good ; for no butter can bo good until the 

 buttermdk is worked out. If that is done, you 

 need not salt it so had to havi' it keep well in any 

 place. A very little care and labor would have 

 made ibis excellent butti'r ; lacking ihat liitic, il 

 is only u second (piality,as you shall •■icknowledge 

 when I show you a sample of g-ooi/ l/iilUr." 



VV<; went in, and 1 took up a roll from a crock 

 of (irst-rate buiier. It was smoolb, clear and 

 handsome ; the hand of wunum had not been on 

 it from the time it had lid't the churn until now; 

 all thu work had been done with the ladle. 



" If J oil get a drop of buttermilk fiom that bul- 

 ter, yoii shall have tiic whole free." 



" Now, taste this, and your own, and say, bon- 

 e>lly, if V" would not ^ive n higlic r price for 

 this lliaij for your own. Look at il— see how 

 clear and Iransparcnt ihese minute globules are, 

 and how inlimalcly they are blended with the 

 mass. Ij'ntil these all disappear the butler will 

 keep sweet, and no butter will keep long when 

 thev are ever so slightly coloreil hy the niilk." 



The liiriner simply remarked thai tl.-ere was a 

 difi'erince in all buller, and leftlo find a less crit- 

 ical and more ready customer. 



It is strange that when every body loves good 

 buller, and is willing to pay for it, our liirmers' 

 w ives and daughters do not take pains to make a 

 better article. It is the women's fault that we 

 have poor butter generally, and we shall hold 

 them responsible. 



It is perfectly easy to make good butter. The 

 onlv rc(Mii.site is care, (iood bolter will always 

 coiiimand a good price in the dullest market, 

 w bile poor butter is a drug at any price. 



When any of my lady readers make butler 

 again, just let llicm imagine that I am lu have a 

 nice bit of bread and butter wiili them, and that 

 I shall detect the least particle of milk, and that 

 1 am not fond of too much salt. 



cii.ly (iir a " nali\e" cow, which from the 21st of 

 iMaylo2lst September, 'gave 4,817 lbs. 4 ozs. of 

 milk ; II) lbs. of milk rtas ascertained by trial to 

 \ield on en average -one Ih. of butter, which 

 makes the milk equivalent lo MiJ Ihs. of hntier 

 for the four monlhs. Her keeping is slaierl lo 

 have been grass-feed, wilh the exception of 

 seven weeks, when she bad two (juarts of shorts 

 per day. 



Will. Averill took the second premium at the 

 sami! liine, for a "nuiive" cow which in four 

 monlhs, from the 20th May, I6i5, ;;ave 4,;J7j lbs. 

 milk, which milk yielded by actual m.inuliiciiire, 

 211 lbs. 2 ozs. butter. Her keeping was grass- 

 leed wiib the adililion, during the drought .-md 

 shorllicss of feed, lijr five or six weeks, of one 

 ipiart of Indian meal and one quart of r^e-meal, 

 mixed together, per day. 



Fiuni tlie Albany Cultivator. 

 Importatioiv of Sheep. — We learn that Rlr 

 S. W. Jewell, of Wejliridge, Vl., has lately im 

 poried ten ytailing ewes Horn the Merino flo<'l, 

 of the late Lord Western, of Felix Hall, Kng- 

 land, 'i'heiuigin of ihis iiolf-d fiock was lorly 

 ewes selected by Lord W., tioin five bundled 

 which were presenled lo King George 111., hy the 

 Spanish Corte.<, about the year 1608. We have 

 frequently seen liivorable nolices of Lord West- 

 ern's Hock in the English agriculiural books and 

 pel iudii'als. Tie :M(.-iiii"s are siiid lo have been 

 mucli improved in his bands — the original fiue- 

 .nessof wool having been preserved and consid- 

 f rable added to the v% eight of the fleece. From 

 a stalemenl puhlislied in li!39, it appears that the 

 year previous, 315 breeding ewes of this flock 

 gave an average of 4 lbs. 10 oz., and 122 yearling 

 ewes an average oft! lbs. 1 oz. of wool [)er bead, 

 "washed ('lean on the sheep's back." 



We have not seen Mr. Jewell's iiiqiorted sbecfi, 

 hut from tlie reputation of ihe flock (i<uii which 

 they were taken, we there is no doubt that they 

 will prove valuable to the country. 



Several of ihe newspapers have mcniionedthe 

 myslerious disappearance of Beiij. P. Johnson, 

 Fs(j., ex-president of the New York Stale Agri- 

 culiural Society. He left home on business at 

 Newburgh anil New York, about the first of 

 April; but no intelligence has been received cmi- 

 ceiii'ing him since bis arrival at the city of New 

 Yoik, and but little doubt is now entertained that 

 some fatal cataslrophe h.'{S bd'allen him. lie hail 

 long inaintaincil ihe cliarader of an u|>right and 

 honorable man, and had filled with credit to him- 

 self and satisfaction to the public, several im- 

 |iortaijt situations of trust. There was a rc|init, 

 some time since, that his body had been found in 

 the ri\i'r at New York, but such was lu.t the casi' ; 

 and we have great reason to fear, so long a period 

 has now elapsed, that his fate, like that of the 

 hilu Cliaucelliu' Lansing, who was seen in New 

 York for the last time some years since, will ne- 

 ver bo disclosetl. 



I*iiosi>ECTS Of TiiF. Wheat Chop. — .\ccoimis 

 from nearly all pans of the country represent the 

 wheal crop as viry promising. In the best wbe.it 

 districts oi' Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michi- 

 gan, the <inly I'e.ir in reganl to il is said to he iis 

 great rankness, in some cases, which may be tid- 

 lowcd hy rust. We have heard of hut liille in- 

 jury from the fly, but u htlcr received from Thus. 

 Hancock, dated Biirliiigtoii,N. J., May I8tli, slates 

 that considerable dani'er had been done by llie 

 insect in that iieighburbood. 



I'lioriTAni.E Hens. — Charles W. Greene, of 

 Koxbury, Mass., tVom 4.') hens, had 41 dozen eggs, 

 ill January lasl, and 2ti<i dozen the first ](! days 

 of February. Ho keeps his hens warm in a well 

 lighted hoii.=;e, fiicing the south, the front being 

 made of gla.s.s, like a green-house. The eggs 

 .sold liir ISO to ;)8 cents jier dozen. 



I'uouLtrivE Cows. — Henry Creesy took the 

 I first iireiniuin of the Ea6e.\ Co. (Muss.) .Ag. So- 



Waste Land in Ireland. — The idea seems 



qilile pn-v.nh'lit in llii.s country that the miseries 

 of the Irish popiilalion are owing to tlie number 

 of iiibaliilaiils heiiig too great for the extent of 

 territory. From the statistical reiiirns, it appears 

 liiat the prqjulalioii of Ireland isiiot nowasgrcat 

 in proportion to the means of subsistence, or the 

 prodiiclion of food, as it was at the cominenre- 

 mciit of the present century. Improvements in 

 argricullure have made very considerable pro- 

 gress on that Island within a few years; many 

 acres of waste land have been reclaimeiL ami 

 the production of oilier lands increased. But 

 there is still a large qiiantiiyof waste lai d which 

 is susceptible of ciiltivalion — not less, accord- 

 ing lo ihe goveriiinciit reports, ihau o,COO,Ol.O 

 acre!-'. 



Some years since, an associaiioti was formed 

 under the name of the Irish Waste Land Im- 

 provement Society. From a notice of the fourth 

 report of this society, which we find in the Eng- 

 li-li . !-;r!c)i!lnrul Giizdie. it appears Ihat several 

 thousand acres of these lands have been brought 

 into cullivalion under the auspices of this socie- 

 ty, and now furnish support to three thousand 

 iiiliahilalils. "They are now," says llie account, 

 "pursuing their wonteil avocations in order and 

 peace, in the midst of the distress and coiise- 

 ipieiit recklessness prevalent around them, with 

 employment secured to thein during the ap- 

 proaching trying season, and with every prospect 

 (if a siipjdy of uliolcsoiiK! food lor llieir support 

 iiiilil the coming harvest." ^ 



If the Irish popiihition could be employed and 

 supported in bringing into cullivalion their waste 

 and unproductive lands, not only would their 

 [jrcsiMil miseries be alleviated, but an efl'i-cliial 

 safeguard would he piovided against fiiliire scar- 

 city and suffering. To this end, therelbre, the 

 Society iiientioncd is directing its etfori.s, and so 

 fir with very encouraging success and I'lvorable 

 prospects. Parliament has moved in the case, 

 and has removed the |irincipal legal difficulties 

 which have heretofore olistrucled improvement; 

 so that in the language of the editor of the Agri- 

 cultural (Jazelte, "it appears that there is harilly 

 any country wlu're ilie iuvestment <if capital in 

 fanning should pay so well as in Ireland." 



How to sustain aud improve the quality of the 

 Soil. 



It has become an important impiiry ainnn<» 

 many of our farmers, how they shall fertilize such 

 of their lands as are yielding large burthens of 

 produce, which are taken off the premises for 

 sale? Where rcinole from a large city, or i_da- 

 ces for supplying manures, this is a most impor- 

 tant query, and one which ihey are highly inler- 

 csled ill having answered correctly. It is ahso- 

 lutely ccrlain, that Ilirmcrs cannot annually rob 

 llieir tiiriiis of large crops of grain, grass and 

 roots, without cither supplying niunure to the 

 soil, or lo>lng rapidly in its lerliliiy. We shall 

 hrielly indicati' some of the most olivious resour- 

 ces lor siislainiiig and improving the productive- 

 ness of the soil. 



In the first place, not an ounce of animal iiia- 

 niirc sliotihl he siitlercd to be wasted, either liipiiil 

 or solid. When not dro|.pcd on the feeiling 

 grounds, but around the stables and yards, it 

 should be carctiilly saved and treasured up, where 

 it cannot waste tiil used. This should be care- 

 fully and judiciously compounded with turf, or 

 peat, or vegetable matter, so iis to retain all its 

 gases, and not be iiermitted to drain away, and 

 as soon ns n proper tiiiio oftcrs, it should ho car- 



