lied onto tlie tii;lils!indiitoiirc iiini)]|,oriited will 

 llie soil. Anoiliei- resource lor iiiariv oCour ensi- 

 eni f;iriiiers, is tlie iiiiinense stores" of pent iiiul 

 tniick tlj;U are u iiliiu ili,;ir re;icli, and « liii-h leuds 

 irn'iilly lo lienelitliii'; ii lii;lrl, saiidy <.r iuaiuv solL 

 All the niiimal inarier, iislics, leaciii'd or iinr.'arli- 

 e.l, sl.oidd he cireliilly i-oilertf,! and applied to 

 lli<-ir land, and any other li.-riiliziri^' sulislaiice 

 wliirli IS lo 1)0 found around the prcii.i^ies or can 

 l>e collected at rjot too f;reat an expeliss in lljc 

 ni Jiililiorliuod. 



iJnl in many cases where the stock of cattle is 

 not larj;e, and the produce solil frouj the land is ' 

 considerable, some more delinite and cerlain 

 means for siistainini; a farm must he resortc<l to. 

 »Vnh the most imeliiirent and systemalic a^'rjcid- 

 Imist,--, a proper rolaiion is .al'opieil, which has 

 •een found by cxjjerience, to be adapted to the 

 ocahty and products. lt\ ihis is meant, a re;,ru- 

 lar succession ofcro|.s on the same Heli! ihroiTidi 

 a series of years, which at their expiration, a"ie 

 again rofieated. They arc so arraiiijed that two 

 Kiaiii crops never follow each othei-; but are sep- 

 arated by root crops, grass, &c. This system lire 

 venlsthe necessity of the soil vieldiiiir similar 

 mjrredieuts tlirou^di two or more successive sea- 

 sons, which II will seldom do to nn extent snfli- 

 cienl to produce a good second croj,. Time is 

 required (or it to decompose such of the ingredi- 

 eiils which it eonlains, as are necessary lo"form 

 u hat are called the inorsauic portions ofihe plain 

 in such conditions as to be taken up and api.ro- 

 pri.itcd by the plant. It also enables the c'llti- 

 vator to apply his f,'reen or putrescent manures 

 to such crops as are most properly adapted to 

 receive ihcin. Such are corn and roots, and near- 

 ly all the objects of cullivalion exceptin- the 

 smaller graius. ° 



The great object of rotation, however, is to .rive 

 the land rest, as it is termed, when allowed to" re- 

 main III urass or meadow; or lefreslinient when 

 clover or other n-rlilizin;; crops are plouched into 

 t|'e soi lor manure. Such crops carry back lo 

 lie soil so much of its materials as ihey have ta- 

 ken from II and in addition, important elements 

 w liicli i|j,-y have abstracted from the atmosphere • 

 nnil tliey are found by long practice, to be of »reat 

 hencfil 111 suslaiiiiiifr ihe f'rliliiy of the soil. Ke- 

 Uny passin;; o,, lo a consideraliim coimrcled with 

 this particular point in the subject, of the lu.-hest 

 importance, we would say, ihat a large share of 

 the benefit to the land, derivable from ibis prac- 

 tice, may be secured, by feeding the clover to such 

 unimals as will consume it on the jiroiind We 

 say a part only, for all ihe food which !;oes to 

 snpply the respiration of ihe animal, which is no 

 inconsiderable share, passes off again into the 

 air, and is lost. Another part is stowed up in the 

 augmenled size of the animal, for it is cerlain 

 that whatever weight it acrpiires while feedin- i« 

 at the expense of the .soil. Jf ,„ilcl, cows ''are 

 jiasuired, the abslra-lion of valuable ingredients 

 IS still irrcater, as it has been found that pasture, 

 letl oti (or a long lime by cows, have been robbcl 

 of large amounis of pliosphale of lime, and oth- 

 er important mailer. If horses are thus fed and 

 taken on to the roads or elsew here to work it i^ 

 evident [hat large (]Uaiiliiies of ibis niaunie will 

 thus be lost to the (ields supplying ihe foo.l. 



bheep are undoubtedly the best adapted to the 

 object we have in view. They remain siationary 

 n the saine fields where they feci, and return To 

 them all tuey have taken, save what escapes by 

 respiration, evaporation, or is stored up by the 

 wool or carcass. They also drop their manure 

 on the highest and driest parts of the ground 

 where it is more beneficial than elsewhere; and 

 we would most earnestly recommend the intro- 

 fli-'ction of sheep hiisbandry on a more or lessex- 

 t'-.r.Pd scale, to any farmer who practices the 

 system o( turning in crops for manure. Tlie ne 

 ce.ssity of carrying: them llimiigh the winter, will 

 still (uriher provide the materials for fertilization 

 t>y accumulating a .store of manure from this 

 source, which wiihout the sheep or full enuiva- 

 leiit in other stock, would not be thus secured 



ilut to recur lo the subject of turning in <,,een 

 crops. It is evident at a single glance, thaF this 

 system does not accomplish all that is necessary 

 in sustaining the full measure of fertility of land 

 subject to close cropping. In a rotation consist- 

 ing of c over and wheat simply, we find that the 

 wheat abstracts large amounts of phosphate of 

 ime, potash gypsum, salt, &c. &c., which if no- 

 thing be added to the soil, except the clover crop 



_gl)cJannei-^q iilontl)l|j bisitox. 



85 



will m a (ew years reduce any ordinary soil to so 

 low a point, Ihat it cannot yiel'd profitable reinrns 

 I he land may comimie to yield (or a long lime ; 

 but It IS evident that it is losing properties at ev- 

 ery snce-essive liarve.r, which must be supplied to 

 It, or It tvill eventiiallv be eviiansled. 



The true and only 'remedy for ibis', is, to ascer- 

 tain by analysis, either of your own, or iho well 

 esiaolished researches of others, precisely what 

 of llio morgaiiic materials, such as are iidierent 

 in the soil, and not found lo any appreciable ex- 

 tent m Ihe almospliere, are taken from the land 

 Dy cropping or feediii-, and not reimne,| to it by 

 straw, manure, or oflal of any kind, and return 

 lliose materials to Ihe lauil in siidi available shape 

 lis will enable future crops lo supply themselves 

 wiih all they rcipiire. This i.s indispensable to 

 a succession of good crops, ami prolongs fertility 

 and no (armer is wise who iie:;N:eis this praciice 

 lorasmgle year, however seemingly wm|| his 

 adopted system may answer, which dues not eni- 

 hrace the (oregoing practice.— .ifniencad ./J^rkvl 



or .some other '• t-V po</," we are not .piite sure 

 who It IS, says, ' 



The Dandelion. 



Every body knows this bright, golden, open 

 hearted flower, that bursts out all at once, early 

 Ml toe spiiiijr, as soon as there is green grass 

 enough for it to lean upon, and sometimes before 

 the frosts have ilone whitening the face of the 

 carilionigliis. It is an honesf, jocnml flower, 

 not parlicidar as to where it shall place itseli; ami 

 by no means ashamed lo look yon in the face, let 

 It l)e in what comi-any it may. It is a great fa- 

 vorite wiih the children, and yon never saw one 

 ol ihem walk out in a sprimr mornint.', when they 

 are in bloom, without filling llieir" bands witii 

 lliem, and somelimes grieved to ihink lliey can't 

 grasp more of ihein. And then, the older school 

 girls love to pick them, and splitting and wettiii.T 

 the long sterns, to hang them as curls in spiral 

 ringlets in their hair and about their brow« in 

 mnoceni sport. They ar<: a riidi ami a gay flow- 

 er, and It is pleasant and cheering to see lliem 

 sparklingand flashing like gold spots in the .'reen 

 tml, looking, as Mrs. Chikrsays, as if ihe "'stars 

 luifl come down to sleep upon the grass." Nor 

 IS lis gay and showy appearance its only rccom- 

 niendalion. It is vahiable in doniesiic "arrainre- 

 nients, both as an article of diet and as a medi- 

 cine. 



Jt is eagerly sought for by many as n very ex- 

 cellent plant for greens. A" very wholesome and 

 |.le.-,sant beer is made by subs'liiiiiing it (roots 

 and all ) for spruce. 



In medicine, it is considered an excellent tonic 

 and corrector of any deransements of the func- 

 tions ol the liver, dyspepsia, and chronic diseases 

 Ol tlie digesiive organs. It may be used for these 

 pm-poses in two way.s, viz: in decoction and in 

 die form of an exlr.ict. 



For .lecociion, take, say root and herb, washed 

 clean, halt n pound; water, half a gallon; boil 

 down 10 a pint. The dose from one to I wo wine 

 glas-ses full once or twice per day. 



'J'o make the extract, lake fresh roots, bruise 

 them, say a pound and a half; pure, soft, boiliii.r 

 water, two gallons ; let it slniid luentv-fonr hours'; 

 then boil down to a gallon, strain'il while hot 

 uud simmer it away gently to a thick waxy sub- 

 stance. Bo careful not to burn it in tbe'latler 

 slage of Ihe process. It should be a brown, hit- 

 ler aioimitic substance, an. I easily diss.dved in 

 water. The dose of this is from ten grains to l 

 tinny grains. 



Sometimes when the diL'eslive organs are very 

 weak and easily disordered, the dandelion will 

 iiol agree with them. 



The chemist will tell you that the expressed 

 jiiice of this I'lant contains gum, albumen, gluten, 

 an odorous priiici|ile, an extraclive and peculiar 

 biller prineifde, soluble in alcohol and water, 

 'llie Botanist will tell you that it is a native of 

 Greece: that it was known to ihe aiicienis, anil 

 IS probably ibe plant which Tlieo|,liraslus des- 

 cribes under the name of nphakee. He will also 

 tell yon that the genus derived its name from the 

 toothed or jagged afipearance of the leaves, re- 

 sembling lion's teeth, and hence, called Leoiiio- 

 don, which is the Lalin for lion's teeth, and that 

 the common name, " dandelion;' is a corruption 

 or variation from the French word, </en< de lion, 

 ( daiidebcin ) h hich also means lion's teeth. We 

 do not think the name very appropriate, but we 

 suppose it is just as weM. Master Shakspeaie, 



•' A r„se by any otlat »3uk w„uW siucll ns sweet," 

 mid by the same rule, we suppose the dandelion, 



ole.'i^^.l" '?''ii""""'''°"''' '""■' '"^ l"is'" ""J 

 please the children jiist as well. Nutlall will tell 



you iliai Ihe genus coniaiiis but five sp,.,cies all 

 ol whicl, are natives of Europe, aii.l Hie one'ilmi 

 grows so plenldully among us was brought over 

 and has become natuialized. We have uo doubt 

 (le has good reasons lor this opinion, but we have 

 dmibis ubo4it it, neveriheles.s. We rather think 

 It IS a " native American." At any r«ie it ha<: .rot 

 to bean " old settler " uo'.v, ardcnliy attached lo 

 our soil. It IS an old friend of ours, and we aS- 

 ways greet Ms first appearance with pLeasure, and 

 look up.m it.ns a blessing lo the eye and the 

 stomach. Its rich and showy blossoms delight 

 by their attraclive color and the contrast with 

 green aromi.l them, and the cnriou.* provision of 

 nature for disseminating their .seed, affords one 

 of the mnunierable instances of the simple bin 

 proloniid arrangements, of divine wisdom, even 

 m works of the humblest kiiuLs. All have ob- 

 served the singular change which takes idace in 

 the appearance of the dandelion in blossom and 

 lie dandelion in seed. The first is a ball of gold 

 the oilier a glol«! of gossamer. Each seed has 

 attached to its base a slender whitish stem.wl.ieli 

 IS snrmonnled by a tuft of minute, wbit'ish feath- 

 ers. These at first, stand out from the recepta- 

 cle, forming a feathery ball, and when the seed 

 IS mature the breeze lifts each seed up and wafts 

 It away, suspended as it is by the feathers above, 

 and hanging like a parachiiie in mid air until it 

 becomes struck down by some obstacle or by ihe 

 ram.s,and thus becom,.s plaim-d for a future crop. 

 Jt IS a beautitui, curious and u.seful plant, and 

 were it not so very common wonhi be so-u"bt af- 

 ter, and a great price pai.I for it to grace the gar- 

 den, green house and parlor. 



Thoil corapst, hvklit flower, in e.irly spriniu 



Arr.iyi-d in linta v( pMvn hue, 

 ChiwinK with Iij;ht, anil clittiTJnf! 



VVUli pearly drops of mnruiiig .1^§, 



Tliy gorgpona carpet ol-r the earth 



Displays Ihe skill of Nature's hand. 

 And heralds forth ihe timely birlh 



Ot Flora's fruits o'er all the land. 



Maine Fannir. 



TraiisplanUns large Trees. 



The following article from the Philadelphia 

 rvorlh American contains some information of a 

 prnclical character, w hi.di may prove serviceable 

 to our readers : 



" Jt is a very general, though erroneous opin- 

 ion, that large trees cannot be transjilanled with 

 salety ; and this pojiiilar mistake is the more sin- 

 gular from the fact, that in England the trans- 

 plantation of the largest trees has lieen a mailer 

 ol^daily occurrence for more than thirty years. 



"Ignorance of iheir business is the true secret 

 why so many nurserymen and gardens s fill in 

 traiisplanlmg trees. It must strike even those of 

 our readers who never thought of the subject be- 

 fore, that III transplanting a tree some regard 

 ought to be bad to the habits, soil and situation 

 ol the tree to lie traiisplanted : and that, if this is 

 neglected, it becomes altogether a matter of 

 chance whether the tree lives or dies. A tree 

 twenty or tliiity feet high, which has always 

 been in a thick wood, is thin, tall and fragile— 

 quite a difterent plaiit indeed from the thick, 

 sturdy tree of the samo age and species which 

 has grown up alone iu a field ; and it would be as 

 absurd to expect one t©:ilourish if transplanted 

 to the forest, as it would be to look for a long life 

 in the other if removed to an orchard. Again 

 different soils produce different habits; and the 

 maple that has grown up in a loam, will scarcely 

 flourish if trani=planted to the sand. An oak, ac- 

 customed to the sunny side of a hill will not long 

 survive Its removal to a bleak marshy exposure. 

 let how often are the.=e fads disregarded in 

 transplanting even young trees. How then can 

 large trees be expected to flourish after trans- 

 plantation, when such oulrages on their habits 

 are perpetuated by those who ignoruntly under- 

 take to remove tliem ! 



"It is ns easy, however, to transplant trees thir- 

 ty feet high, and secure their permanent health 

 in their new position, if pro|>er attention is paid 

 to the habilg of the tree, as it is to remove water 

 from one cistern to another, or keep alive ex- 

 otics by the siinpl«e<f »«lieut of preserving them 



