86 



(Jl)e Jarmcr's iilontl)!!) bisitor. 



in a warm room in winter. As early as 1823 Sir 

 Henry Siewurt, of A Hanson, Scotlanii, denion- 

 Btrateil the practicability of trant^plantiiig trees of 

 the largest size ; and sncceedcd in coverin;; u 

 large estate with elms, sycamores, horse-chesniit, 

 &c. in clumps and alone. His jilan was very 

 simple, and will hear detailing. 



"After he had selected a tree which, frotn the 

 soil in which it h.-id grown and its general habits, 

 he deemed stiilable for transplantuiion to the spot 

 he wished, he proceeded to bare the roots (io.'ii 

 the earth, paying the utmost attention not to in- 

 jure the smallest fibre in the process. A mass ol 

 soil, however, was left to Ibrm a hall close to the 

 stem, and two or three feet of the original sward 

 was carefully allowed to adhere to it. In this 

 state the tree was lifted from its position, and 

 borne to the place where it was to be planted. — 

 This was efl'i;cted by a machine, made of a long 

 pole, fi.\ed between two high wheels, the pole 

 moving on a pivot, so that it conld be raised ver- 

 tically in order to fasten to it the tree while 

 standing. The latter yet stood in the ground. — 

 The hole in which the tree was to be placed, 

 was generally prepared a twelve-month before; 

 and into this the tree was carefully set as shallow 

 as possible. The roots were then placed as near 

 as could be in the same position as formerly ; the 

 lower tier was first arjanged, the eai'lh sifted 

 around them and worked in with the hand; the 

 next tier followed; and the process repeated un- 

 til the tree was firmly fi.ved in its new position. 

 By this means the largest trees were transplant- 

 ed with safety, and at a comparatively trifling ex- 

 pense. About three dollars is the cost of trans- 

 planting trees in this manner in gcoiland." 



Rich Men of Boston. 



A ])ampjilet of 48 pages, has just made its ap- 

 pearance giving an account of the unhappy men 

 there, who are worth one himdred thousand dol- 

 lars and upwards. 



In our notices of the rich men of Boston, we 

 shall only notice the less fortunate of them, who 

 are worth a half million or upwards. For 

 amount of >auilth must place at the head, 



Peter C. Brooks, who is worth four millions. 

 He resides in Medlbrd, but his business and much 

 of his property is in Boston. He is an old gen- 

 tleman, for riches cannot keep off old age. He 

 was the son of a tarmer, and has accumulated his 

 fortune by his own exertions and calculations. 



Next to him, stands ,1. P. dishing, of Water- 

 town. He has a princely estate in that town, 

 where he is taxed for his personal property. His 

 estate stands at two millions. He made his mon- 

 ey while a merchant in China. 



Then comes Abbott Lawrence with his two 

 millions. He was the son of a I'armer in Groton, 

 Mass. He came to Boston, worth nothing, and 

 altho' not air old man, he has accumulated avast 

 pi'operty. He has been lar'gely interested in 

 Factory operations, besides having done an im- 

 mense business in dry goods. 



Our men of one million are Sarrruel Appleton, 

 and Nathan, his brotliri-. They began with four-- 

 pence half pemiy. Wirr. Appleton their cousin, 

 is worth a million. John Jbyarit, of Bryant ^' 

 Stur-gis, mtrst go dowrr in this category. Amos 

 and William l>awicnco, biothei's of Abbott, are 

 worth a million each. Thomas H. Perkiirs has 

 a niilliorr and a half left, after havirrg given away 

 a Ibrlrrne for benevoleirt purposes. David Sears 

 has a millicnr and a halt; ami Robert (I.Shaw 

 a nrilliorr, although it is said ir married drrughter 

 of the latter, irr the spirit of true nobility, lives 

 without servarrts, anil docs her ovvir work. 



The men who aio rated between a itrillion anil 

 five hundred tlioirsanil, are .lo.siah Jir'adlee, sorr 

 of a liostorr tinman ; lieirry Codrnan, son of u 

 rich liither ; li. W. Crowninshield, once Secr'e- 

 tary of the Navy, who made a vast sum by pri- 

 vateering, irr the last war; ICilrrrund Dwigbt, orre 

 of the Springfield tiimily ; llbeirczer Francis, a 

 retir-cd nrcr-charrt ; .lohrr L. (Jardnei-, son of a 

 Boston nierchanl; Sauiirel May; Harrison Griiy 

 Otis made his fortirire by the rise ol' real estate 

 in Hosioir ; James Parker, Peter Parker-, arrd 

 Charles I'arker each worth suverr himih'ed tlrorr- 

 sand dollars, soirs of old Jolrrr I'arker who died 

 a few year-s since, leaving one of ihe lar-gest es- 

 tates ever accutrrulali.'d in New Knglarid ; George 

 Parkman, sorr of Sainrrel I'.rrktrrarr, Fsq. ; Jona- 

 than Phillip.-, sorr of ihc late l.ieirt. Governor; l)r-. 

 Geo. C. Shattuck, an eminent plryskdn ; Augus- 



tus Thorndike, sorr of Isiriel ; Phiireas Uphani, of 

 whom we know rrothing; and Wm. P. Wirrches- 

 ter, irr the provisiorr birsiness. 



Besides these there is a large class who range 

 fr-orrr one hundred thousand to five hundred 

 thousand ; but we cairirot spare tire room to no- 

 tice thetrr. 



Salt. 



Frou) the report of the cominillce of the New 

 York Legislature on so mirch of the Goverrror's 

 message as relates to agriculture, we make the 

 following extract: 



"Irr conrrexiou with this sirhject, your conrrrrit- 

 tee would remark, that the Arriericarr farmer must 

 have his attentiorr ilrawn to the rrse of salt as a 

 njanure irr an especial manner'. Salt has rrot 

 been used for this purpose to arry great extent, as 

 yoirr conimittee learn. Yet it has beeir satisfac- 

 torily proverr by numerous experirrrents in the 

 coiinly of Onondaga and elsewhere, that the free 

 use oi' salt has very much added to the yield of 

 the larrd. 



"This is an important fact; yet there is sotrre- 

 thing corrnected with the use of salt as rnamrre 

 of aliirost erpral importarrce: that is the urrpaial- 

 leled agorrcy of salt iir destroying insects of al- 

 trrost every kind. No farmer should neglect to 

 use salt as a mamrre ir|)ort all those fields liable 

 to the pestiltirotrs r'avages of the grirli, wire worm 

 and caterpillar'. In gardens it is invaluable, es- 

 pecially in those which have long beerr worked 

 and are very rich. The disease of the potato, be- 

 fore mentioned, whatever may be its crruse, is 

 found to yield its virulence to the agency of salt, 

 and no potato cr-iip should be planted without salt 

 being used, in whole or in part, as a manur'e. 



" There is also good reason lor believing that 

 where salt is rtsed for manure, the disease of the 

 wheat cr'op, known by the name of rust, which 

 more or less every yearrrffucts it injuriously, will 

 be measurably abated, if rrot wholly averted. — 

 At all everrls, it is well established, that in one 

 particular district of Englarrd, where old brine 

 Iras been long used as a manure, rust r'arely, if 

 ever', makes its appearance. It is trtre, that there 

 is a wide difier-errce between the cold, damp cli- 

 mate of Etrglarrd, and the hot and dr'y climate of 

 New York. Still, the subject deserves the espe- 

 cial attenlinn of the New York larnjer'." 



In cormexiorr with this subject we copy the fol- 

 lowing conrrrrunication (torn the Arrrerican Agri- 

 eulturist : 



Salt. 



ITS VALUE AS A FERTILIZER — ITS SUPPOSED EF- 

 rrcACY FOR TUK POTATO DISEASE. 



The value of salt for agricultural pirrposes 1 as 

 long been krrowrr both irr Eiu'ope and in this 

 coutrtr'y, and why it has not beerr more generally 

 used, is beyorrd my conipreheirsion. More than 

 orre hurrdr'ed arrd fifty years ago. Sir Hugh Plait, 

 an eminent writer of the day, speaks very deci- 

 dedly of the benefits which irright be derived from 

 the pi'Mciice of s|)rirrklirig salt iipoir land, and 

 calls it " the sii'ft/c'«/, and c/if(7/(c.s(, and the most 

 philosojiliicdt material of all others." He relates 

 the case of a man, who in passing over a creek 

 on the sea-shore, suflereil his sack of seed-corrr 

 to lirll into the water', and that it lay there until 

 it was low tide, when, being unable to purchase 

 more seed, he sowed that which h.-id lain irr the 

 salt water', and when the harvest time arrived, he 

 reaped a ci'op lirr srrperior to any irr thi; neigh- 

 borhood. The writer adds, however', that it was 

 supposed the corn (gi'rrin) would not fructify irr 

 that marrrrer', uirlcss il actually fell into the sea 

 by iliiiim ; rrnil, theielirr'e, neilhcr this man, rror 

 any of his neighbor's, ever venliir-ed to nrake any 

 liirlher rrse of salt water! [rfo ntirch lor sripei'- 

 stiliorr ! — Fn.] 



'I'hirt salt is an excellent irririiure, experience, 

 the rrrost salisfactoiy of all evidences, cleirrly 

 proves. It is staled irr an j'aiglish publicatiorr, 

 thrrt "irfiu'merin the corrnty of Sussex, some 

 years since, had a field, one part of which was 

 very wet and rushy, and that Ihc grass produced 

 upon it Was of .so soirr ami unpleasant a knid, 

 that the cattle would not grirze upoir it; ho iried 

 several rnelhods to iirrpiove it but lo lillle pirr'- 

 pose ; at last, hearing of tiro berrclits of salt as a 

 inanure. In; deterrnirred lo liy that ; for which pru- 

 pose he procrrred a iprantity of rock salt, which, 

 in a random way, wilhorrt any regar'd to the pi'c- 

 cise iprarjlily, he threw u|)on the rushy gioiiiid, 

 fencing it oil' Irom the other part of the field ; 



the effect of which was a total disappearance of 

 every kiml of vegeUrtion. lir a short tirrre, how- 

 ever', it produced lire largest qnrrrrtily of rrrush- 

 rooms ever seerr rrpon art erpral space of groimd 

 in the courrtry. These, irr the spring following, 

 were srrcceeded by the irro.*t pleniifid arrd luxu- 

 riant crops of grass, far excecdirrg the other part 

 of the field in richness of vi-rduie and (prickness 

 of growth; the callle were remrrrkably fond of 

 it, arrd though the salt was laid orr it twenty years 

 belirre, ibis jrart is still superior to the rest of lire 

 field." 



From the information which I have been able 

 to collect, 1 am iirclirred to believe that salt, wherr 

 sparingly applied, is valuable as a I'ertilizer', and 

 irseful iir killing the grirb and wire worm, which 

 often irijiii'e, and sometimes even destr'oy, whole 

 ci'o()s: arrd it has beerr fbrrnd by experirrrents the 

 past season, that the scab or ilisease which has 

 proved so disastr'ous to the polalo crop in all sec- 

 lions of the coirrrti'y, has not been found uporr 

 land that brrd ir proper dressiirg of sail. 



Jirdge Hamilloir, of Scoharie, informed the 

 writer, that Ire had found gnat advatrlrrge from 

 using salt on his potato ground last spriiiir. At- 

 ter ploughirrg, he cairsed four bushels of salt to 

 be sowir on the furrow, uporr oneacr'e of the field, 

 and harrowed in. Potatoes were then plairted. 

 Part of the field was not salted. Allhouglr the 

 season was remarkably dr'y, the salted acre was 

 observed to mairrtain a gr'een, vigorinrs appear- 

 ance, while the other part of the field looked 

 sickly and stunted. Orr lifting them in lire lirll, 

 those |)otaloes where salt was applied were of 

 good size, smooth skin, sorrnd, and of good qiral- 

 iiy, arrd yielded a fair crop, uliile of those orr the 

 unsalled part of the field, although the soil was 

 fully equal to that of the sailed portiotr, the yield 

 was consiileraiily less, potatoes small, and much 

 ealerr by worms. His neighbor had a fielil of po- 

 tatoes on the ojiposite side of the road, soil sim- 

 ilar to his own, who plarrted thenr in the rrsrral 

 way ; the coriscqiierrce was, his cr'op was small 

 in size, iirferior in qirality, and rrrost of therrr r'ot- 

 ted soon after diggirrg — they were diseased. 



Dr-. Boirart, who has char'ge of the Sailor's' Snirg 

 Harbor-, <ui Stalen Island, irrformed me that he 

 applied four bushels of salt to one acre of bis po- 

 tato grourrd, last sprirrg, and thinks be derived 

 great berre.'il frorn it. Though ihc crop was not 

 a large one, the potatoes on the salted portion 

 were of mirch better' size, skin sirrootb, and fr'ee 

 fr'olii disease. The vines were more vigorous, 

 rerrrained green, while those on land of the same 

 qrrality adjoining, which was rrot sailed, shrivel- 

 led and died prenratur'cly : the potatoes small and 

 soggy, and produced less. 



C. W. Johnson, a distinguisheil agricultural 

 writer', str'ongly r'ecomrneirds salt as a manur'e, at 

 the rate of fi'oiri ten to twenty bushels to the acr'e, 

 to be sowrr two or llrree weeks before the seeil is 

 put into the grourrd. He says the benefits areas 

 ibilows: "1st. When used in smalt portions it 

 proniotcs pulrefaction. 2d. By destroying grubs 

 and weeds. 3cl. .\s a conslilnerrt of direct food. 

 4lh. As a slirnrrlant to the ab.-orberrt vessels. 5lb. 

 By prevciriing injirry froirr suddeir transitions of 

 teniper'alnrc. Gili. By ki'cping ihe soil miii.-l." 



It would seem, from all tin: facts 1 have beerr 

 able to collect, that salt corrirpts vegetable siib- 

 .stanccs when mixed irr small ipi.'iniiiics, but pre- 

 serves therrr when it predorrrinalcs in a mass; 

 ihat, irr dry seasons, its etVecis are rrroie a])parent, 

 and whether it atlr'rrcts moislrrre from Ihe atmos- 

 phere, or w Ireiher it acts as a corrdimerrt or stiin- 

 iihrnt, is of little coirseqircnce, so long as its ef- 

 I'ecls are ceriairr. 



On acconirt of the small qnarrtrly of salt, in 

 weight, reipiircd for manirrirrg hriids, it is no iir- 

 considerrrlili! recommenilalion, becairsc, on that 

 account, it mrry w ilh ease be corrvcyed to the most 

 r-ongh, sli'op, arrd rrroirntainoiis pirrts, to which 

 the rrrore bulky rrnd heavy marruri's rrrost in use 

 conld not he carried, bui with infinile labor', and 

 at rrn expense far exceeding all the advantirges to 

 be ett'ecleil from it. 



Salt alorre is considered by some r'ather too se- 

 vere and harsh irr its nature ; bin mixed wirh ash- 

 es, say six of salt ami ten of dry ashes, well beat 

 up together', which is sufficient fiir an acre, and 

 spread uporr lire furrow and harrowed in, one par- 

 ticle incorporiiles and mollifa s lire other', and if 

 conveved into l\w earth by a soa|.y, smonih rrre- 

 tlrod, will prove the real enricher the earth warns, 

 to send I'orlli vegetation. C. N. JJemem. 



