^I)c im-mcr's iHoutl)li) bisitor. 



99 



Tlie iicoce of No. 1, wei^'lied l;Jilis. of oniii- 

 fiilly vvaiilipd wool, white, iiiii] of silky tP.Mure. 

 Nil. 3, cMit a fleece of well w;isluj(l wool, uci;,'li- 

 iii^ I7llis., iiiea.siiriiij; iicuily one loot in Icnytli of 

 st!i|ilc', ol" sii|peiior i]ii:ility, ami which, il'it had 

 lieoii left iMiwaslied, would have exhiliiled a 

 fleece weighing iiiori! than 2'2 Ihs. A Her shear- 

 ing', No. 1 was li^iund to nieasino live feet si.v iii- 

 chi.'S in lironnifei'ence hehind the shonlder,*, lint 

 it woulil he in vain to atti'ni|it to convey an idea 

 of the enornions (le|ilh and width of carcass, 01' 

 the niannoi' in which the fit is laid oti upon (lie 

 breast, sides, nnnpand haidi. i^iiflice it to say, in 

 the eslinjation of jndges present, the cajcass 

 vvonid cnt li'oni si,\ to seven inches thicU of fat on 

 the rih, if the sheep were slanghlered at the pre- 

 sent lime. 



Till) lanilis, a cross with these biicUs on tlie 

 largi'.st of llie Reyl'old ewes, e.xhihit a reni.arkahle 

 coiisan<;niiiity of form and characlor to their sires, 

 and will, no donht, rival them in the hands of 

 their careful and judicious owner, who will leave 

 nothiiit; undone that can he made suhservient to 

 his purpose, namely ; the creation of a flock of 

 Fheep that shall cipial those of any other quarter 

 of the jrlohe, for wool and carcass combined. 

 We weie h.nppy In Mnd that inquiries and orders 

 for bucks are being made of the enteiprising 

 owner of this magnificent flock for distant plan- 

 tations; may success attend him in his patriotic 

 imdertaking. 



Mr. Clayton Heyhnld succeeds his father in the 

 ownerslii|.' of the Reyhold flock ; his address is, 

 Delaware C'ly, Delaware. 



I. VV. Thomson, M. D. 

 Isaac Reeves, 

 James Pedder. 



Delaware, June 4tb, 184G. 



To Youii? Men. 



In our connlry every one not only sees hut 

 feels the necessity of having our |ieople well in- 

 formed. They are the rulers of onr land — its so- 

 vereigns — and it i.s for them to determine whe- 

 ther the star of our destiny shall sink in gloom, 

 or whether it shall coutiime to glisten and grow 

 brighter and brighter until "Old Father Time" 

 shall ptiuse in his career, and it shall be proclaim- 

 ed by Omnipoience, in the ears of a terror-stricken 

 woild, that, ''Time exists no longer." 



Yomig men of America, it is for you to say 

 whether this sli.all he the case or not! Yon are 

 to decide the destiny of this great and growing 

 country. Each one of you has a voice in its 

 Councils. The high and low, the rich and poor, 

 are placed on an eijnalily. 



There are no exclusive privileges enjoyed by a 

 favored few, neither is there any office, however 

 high and exalteil, which you may not aspire to. 

 The poor arul penniless orphan — if upright, vir- 

 tuous and honest — by a cultivation of those gifts 

 which the God of Nature has endowed him with, 

 may not only aspire to, but fill the place of a 

 Washington, a Jefferson or a Madison. The his- 

 tory of the world is fill of noble instances of men 

 who have arisen liom obscurity despite the ob- 

 stacles which surround them. Look at oiu' own 

 country. Those whose names shine brightest 

 and seem to challenge our admiratien, are self- 

 made men. Men who labored fiir the eminence 

 which they enjoyed — they were the architects of 

 their own fortune — their greatness was the work 

 of their own luuuls. 



It is true that every man cannot be a Wash- 

 ington, a Franklin or a Jefl^ersoii, but every one 

 can at least emulate their virtues — if not, to as- 

 )iire to the pre-eminence which th"y attained. 

 You can at all events make the effort to become 

 wise and good — useful in your day and genera- 

 tion — and if the distinction should not lie yours, 

 the Ship or Stale— the Car of our nation's des- 

 tiny — would he shaped in her course, in a decree 

 at leaet, by ihe wholesome and henelicial infln- 

 eiices, which you exerted over the great mass of 

 our citizens. If one could lint have the proud sa- 

 tisfiiction of knowing that through hisinstrumen- 

 tality evils liad been avoided — blighting and per- 

 nicious measures defi^ated — it would requite him 

 for an age of toil and anxiety. 



Young man, educate yonrself— seize upon the 

 present golden moment. The boon of liberty is 

 beyond all price — it not only costs millions of 

 treasure, but oceans of blood. Is it then not 

 worth preserving? Is it not worthy of your 

 greatest care— your every eftbrt ? It is. To think 



or speak otherwise would be an insult. It would 

 be uiulerraiing that spirit of universal liberty 

 wlii(;li burns in tho bosom of every freeman. 

 Cherish the spirit and the lamp of liberty will 

 continue to burn as brightly as it did in '7S), and 

 ye niay b.ive the satisiaction ol'at least bequeath- 

 ing to those who come after you that priceless 

 boon as bright and untarnished as when received 

 li'om the IkuhIs of our liithers. 



Oelaican Jiepxihlkan. 



Valuable Discoverv.— A French mechanic 

 formed the idea that by subjecling iron dross to 

 tho slow cooling process which is known to pro- 

 duce a total change i'l the nature of glass, a new 

 and nsetiil species of stone might be obtained; 

 and, as iron dross, such as the large liirnaces 

 yiidd, is a wholly useless substance, the announced 

 snccessiiil results of bis persevering attempts 

 cannot but he a matter of great interest, more es- 

 pecially at the present time, when the melting 

 furnaces of Kngland are in a hiiluMto unknown 

 state of nciivity. The object which the French- 

 niau sought to accomplish, was to give iron dross 

 the compactness and hardness of granite, and at 

 llie same time, to save the cost and labor which 

 the hewing of the real stone requires. To this 

 end, he contrived to let the refuse iron, while in 

 a fluid slate, run into forms, which are previously 

 hiOiight to a red beat, by being placed so as to 

 receive the surplus flame which issues from the 

 month of the furnace ; and in order to insure the 

 slow cooling, these forms aie willi ihinble sides, 

 between which sand is introduced, which is well 

 known lo he a bad condiu'tor of heat ; the whole 

 is again brought to a glow heat, and in like man- 

 ner again cooled off. I5y this procedure it is 

 asserted, the ingenious discoverer has succeeded 

 in forming paving stonen, flags, large boiling 

 blocks, and even pipes, of any given form, of a 

 degree of hardness and poli5.l1 cqiiil, if not supe- 

 rior 10 the best hewn natural graniie, ailJ at the 

 most trifling conceivable cost. 



Heat of the FIarth. — A late scientific paper 

 asserts that the temperature in an Artesian well 

 at Nenffen, in the Kingdom of W^nriembnrg, e.\- 

 hibiis a more rapid increase of temperature in 

 proportion to the depth than has hilherto been 

 known in any other locality. In most of the Ar- 

 tesian wells, it has been found lliat llie tempera- 

 ture increases about one degiee lor every JOO 

 It-'et, but at Neufitju it is one degree to every 33 

 feet. The depth of the well is 1*250 feet, and" the 

 temperatiu-e of the bottom is about 104 degrees 

 Fall. The nearest approach to this great exception 

 from the normal state of things is atftloule Morin, 

 in Tuscany ; and it is worthy of remark that at 

 both places, the liotloin of tlie well is 120 feet 

 above the level of the sea. The writer thinks 

 that the cause of the anomalies is the ancient 

 heat of the ignited locks, which being very slow- 

 conductors of heat, communicate but a very small 

 portion of it lo the surrounding strata ; or it would 

 ap|iear that the crust of the earth is Ihiuiier at 

 these places, and conseqiiently that the approach 

 to the internal surface is more rapid than at 

 other places. 



Wool for the English Markets. 



I\Ir. Hamilton Gay, an extensive wool merchant 

 in New York, at the request of the editors of the 

 Journal of Commerce, has furnished that paper 

 with an account of his experiments in shipping 

 wool to England, fi'om which we make some ex- 

 tracts that we think will be interesting to many 

 of our readers at the present time: — OAio Cul- 

 tlvnior. 



More than one half of all the American fleece 

 wool exported from the United States, of the last 

 year's clip, was owned and shipped by myself, 

 and by others having a joint interest with me. 

 Tlie purchases «'cre all made at the lowest point 

 of the season, hegiuning on the 1st day of Sep- 

 tember, and closing on llie 25th day of October 

 last. The result has been a net loss of $5,5)03, 

 and 188 bales of wool yet unsold — equal only to 

 the fraction of a penny serling on each pound. 

 Not a fleece of the wool was sold lo meet the 

 payment of drafis drawn against it, nor was any 

 portion of it unduly pressed upon the market: 

 and this loss arose from causes unnecessary, 

 easily avoided, and entirely within the control of 

 parlies in this country. 



The prices of United States fleece wool are 



aflected very injuriously in foreigii markets by 

 its unclean condition. It contains too much oil, 

 and yolk, and dirt. The sheep are generally 

 washed with too little care, and run too long 

 after washing before shearing. A large portion 

 of the wool, from this cause, must pass ihrougli 

 the bands ol those who sort il, and scour it in 

 soap and water, before it is sold to the inannfac- 

 tiirers. 



The wool itself is of superior staple, .-md while 

 upon the sheep is inferior 10 no other in the world 

 of equal grade; and it may he safely staled, that 

 every pound of oil, or other worthless suhsiaiice, 

 will, in the English niarkels, deduct from the 

 value of the wool containing ii, the price at least 

 of two pounds of wool. English maiiufiicliirers 

 and staplers, befiirc purchasing, open a portion of 

 the fleeces, and examine carefully, not only the 

 fineness, but also the strength of the staple, and 

 its condition throughout. 



[Here follow directions for washing sheep, and 

 doing up fleeces, w hicli, being the same, in sub- 

 stance, as we have published, we omit.] 



The next step is to properly sort and sack the 

 fleeces, and direct them to the best maiket. 

 This is the n erchant's part, and more than a 

 shipper's profits depends upon its being ptrlorin- 

 ed nnderstandingly. 



In England, each manufacturer devotes his at- 

 tenlioii to one particular description of goods, fiir 

 which bis machinery has been coustrucled, and 

 he makes no other. The makers of each kind of 

 good.s have established themselves mostly loge- 

 tlier in some one part of the kingdom, wliere 

 they have a wool market of their own, in which 

 they seek for the qualities and descriptions suit- 

 able f"or their purpose, and will buy no other. 

 The broadcloth makers in the west of England — 

 the worsted combers of Yorkshire — the flannel 

 manufacturers of Rochdale — and those who make 

 hosiery in Nottingham — purchase in ihcir seve- 

 ral markets a supply suitable only for their own 

 machinery. So nice does this discrimination run, 

 that the fleeces of fine wool, taken from sheep 

 one year old, which were never before shorn, are 

 mostly sent to one part of ilie country, and there 

 sold to be used for one purpose, and the fleeces 

 taken from the same sheep llie next year, are sent 

 to another part of the country, and there wrought 

 into very different kind of goods. Thus it is of 

 great importance that Jleece wool for shipment, 

 before it goes on board, should lie sorted and 

 sacked according to the grades of foreign manu- 

 facturers, and suitable for their purposes, in order 

 that it may be sohl directly to them ; otherwise, if 

 clean and in good order, it must [lass through 

 other bands, that re-sort it, re-sack it, and distri- 

 bute it to various parts of the kingdom at con- 

 siderable expense. 



In illuslralion, I will remark, that I have bad 

 two invoices of wool sold in England at the same 

 price, in the same place, and within three days of 

 each other, whose value in this country differed 

 ten cents per pound on the day of their purchase, 

 or any other day since. The one kind answered 

 the niarkel, the other did not, but was greatly 

 superior in fineness of fibre. 



My ow n clip of wool, grown upon my own 

 lands, and cut last June, and which 1 know all 

 about, I shifiped to England In one vessel in two 

 equal quantities, of equal quality, to two difterent 

 markets, at a difference of more than seven cents 

 per pound in price. Its quality and condition 

 were very superior, and just suited to the one 

 market, and not to the other. 



Within the past year, I have sent more or less 

 wool to every part of England, and lo Wales, and 

 to Scotland, com[irising the various qualities 

 grown in Illinois, Rlichigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, 

 New York and Vermoiil. Nearly every invoice 

 was accompanied with an intimation that " it 

 was not sent so much with a view to profit as to 

 try their market, and hoping to receive in return 

 suitable directions and suggestions for a better 

 method for jireparing and sliip|iing such wools to 

 England." The result has been a voluminous 

 correspondence, giving ample details and all the 

 particulars required. It is liom this corresjiond- 

 ence, and the results of those sales, as well as 

 from personal observation and information, that I 

 venture the opinions already expressed. I trust 

 that past errors m.ay be avoided in the future — 

 and I now have done with the preparation and 

 shipment. 



The production of wool in the United States, 



