110 



®(ic iTavmcr's iHontl)li) llisitor. 



the sconrul year, it is always advaiitafreoiis to 

 liave a larfier stork in li.iiid than will he leqniieil 

 (or one year's coiisiriijpiioii, ('S|ic('ially oratimiini- 

 al f;raiii, as hy this ii.L-au.s the I'ariiier is eiiahk''! 

 to choose the most fiivorahh; pcrioil for souiji^' 

 liis laiul. It iiiirst not, however, lie iiiidersiooil 

 that we mean to advorate tlie prarli< e of saviii^ 

 the frrain of those years in which the ero|is have 

 not hecoine properly matured; for then, a* has 

 been already staleil, it is not fit for seed. But if, 

 when snch years ocenr, the fiirmer happens to 

 j)ossess a store of seed left fioni the pjecdin^' 

 year, he may consiiier himself very fortunate. — 

 'Thaer. 



The Readins Railroad receipt.s continue very 

 larL'e, those of week endiii!.' Jmmp 27lh bein"' 

 S5I.777, against S'24,,'5;i7 and §1 1,8:J3 in the same 

 month of '4.5 and '44. In week eiidini; the ^Olh 

 over fifiy-two thonsand ilollars were received, aii<l 

 n comparison of twelve monlh.s' receipts endinjr 

 IMay 31st with those of preceiliiii; twelve, pre- 

 sents a very irreat increase ; so that all indica- 

 tions tiivor the firm estahlisiimeiit of this work 

 in a payin<; business. On this subject of coal 

 mininjr, and the incidental benefits lo ihose en- 

 framed in it, the Philadelphia North American 

 gives the followin<r concise statement : — 



" We stated a few days since tli.-it over 50,000 

 Inns <if coal had been shipped from our Anthra- 

 cite re<;ions in one week, and that when the 

 SchnylUill Navi^'ation Co. had completed the en- 

 lar;.'ement of ilscan.-d, the weekly product would 

 rise to 70,000 tons. There is no staple of com- 

 merce wluch so directly benefits the labor of the 

 section from which it is drawn, or exerts an in- 

 fluence over a tnore diversified raUL'c of industry. 

 Jt is almost impossihli" toairive with accuracy at 

 the minutise of charjres upon the coal business, 

 but we think the following id a fi\ir average ap- 

 proximation : — 



Rent to land owner, 3.5 per ton. 



Mining, 87 " 



Hauling, 3 els. per mile, and say 

 the mines average 8 miles fioju 

 the depol.s, 24 " 



T(dl ami railroad charges, 1 tiO " 



Transhipment at Richmond, 15 " 



Total, $3 21 



II will he perceived that every cent of the above, 

 except the rent to the land owner, is paid out for 

 labor. In 1845, the tpianlity of coal sent lo mar- 

 ket from Scdiuylkill comity alone was 1,1.32,(100 

 tons, which paid lo hihcjr .*2 8G on every Ion, <ir 

 an afigreirale of three million, one hmidri'd and 

 twenty-seven thousand, five hundred and Iwenly 

 (lollar.s. 'J'o produce this amount a large capilal 

 has been invested, nearly twenly-seven millions 

 of dollars. lint to show dialiiii'lly how these in- 

 veslmenls have been made, we avail ourselves 

 of the following carefully prepared anil interest- 

 ing table of the slalistics of the coal tiade in 

 Schuylkill coujilv, prepared for the Aliner's .Jour- 

 nal :— 



Capital invested in 81 miles of incor- 

 porated railroails, 81,000,000 

 50 do. of individual do. 1.50,000 

 50 lit), uudergroiuid do. (;0,000 

 J. 500 railroad cars, 150,000 

 2400 drift cars, 1)0,000 

 34 collieries lielow w.-iler level, with 



steam en;;i]ie, pumps, &c., 8.50,000 



100 collieijes, above water level, .500,000 



Landmcs, 200,00(1 



Unats and boat horses, 500,000 



Workiui; capilal, 300,000 



Schu\lkill Canal, 5,000,000 



Readmg Railroad ears, engines, &c., 10,250.000 

 Towns in the coal r^fjion, 3,000,000 



Danville and I'orlsville Riiilroad, 800,000 



t!0,000 acres of coal land, at §50 per 



acre, 4,000,000 



Sa(>,8.5(i,000 

 Here, then, the cnpilalisl has invesleil $2(i,8.5(),- 

 00(>,rroin which llie laborer receives.*,'!, 127,520 per 

 annum. The miner receives as his profii on (jig- 

 ging 1,132,000 ions, al 87 cents, ii;l)73,840, and his 

 aver.'ige per diem wages last year were $1 13, 

 VI bile those of the common day laborer were 80 

 cents. 



The fall of produce has not only embarrassed 

 ihos-e deeply ciigu(;ed in E|)eculnlioii,biilin iiiHiiy 



in.siances over advances upon consigiimenis have 

 lefi commission dealers without the means of 

 meeting their acceptances and (iicilities, based 

 upon these high rales current last fall. It is said 

 ilial this pressure h.-is exieiided to Canada, and 

 " llie w beat dealers in Montreal feel Ihe pressure 

 as keenly as their fellow sulferers in the city of 

 New York. We understand that several failures 

 have already taken place, .and others a'e likely 

 soon lo tiilliiw. We are informed that there are 

 over $2,000,000 due at Ihe Montreal bard<s the 

 present month, and the most of ihe proiluire, upon 

 which dependence was (ilaced lo meet this 

 amount, is still in the storehon.ses of that city." — 

 Finundal Jlrlick, Boston Post. 



The Reaper and the Flowers. 



BY HENRY W. LONGFELLOW. 



There is a Renper, whose name is Death, 



And with his sickle keen. 

 He reaps the IjeMrded graia at a breath. 



And die (lowers that grow between. 



" ShM I have nought that is fiir .'" saith he; 



" Have niiught hut the bearded gr;un ? 

 Though the breath of these flowers is sweet to me, 



I will give them all back ag^iin." 



He g.nzed at the flowers with tearful eyes; 



He kissed their drooping leaves; 

 It was for Ihe Lord of Panidise 



He bound ihem in his sheaves. 



" My Lord hath need of these flowerets gay," 



The Rf'op it snid, and smiled; 

 " Dear tol»ens of the earth .ire Ihey, 



Where He was once a child. 



" They shall all bloom in fields of light, 



Transplaaled by my care, 

 And s.dnts, upon their garments white. 



These sacred blossoms wear.'* 



And the mother gave in tears and pain. 



The flowers she most did love; 

 She knew she should find them all again. 



In the fields of light, above. 



O, not in cruelly, not in wrath. 



The Reaper came th;n day; 

 'Twas an angel visited the green earth, 



And took the flowers awav. 



Raising Turkeys. — Soon after the turkey- 

 poidls have acquired their first feaihers, they are 

 liable to a disease wdiich is very fatal lo them, if 

 not attended to. This distemper proilnces great 

 debility, and Ihe birds appear languid and droop- 

 ing, and almost totally neglect iheir food. Tb(;ir 

 tail and w ing-fealhers assume a whilish appear- 

 ance, and their plumage has a bristled aspect. — 

 This is occasioned by a disease in two or three 

 of Ihe rump-feathers. On examinalion thetnhes 

 of these will be found filled with blood. The 

 only remedy lor this disease is lo pluck them out, 

 when llie bird will speedily acrpiiro its wonted 

 lieallh and spirits. 



In liiUening lurkeys for ihe table, various me- 

 thods are resorted lo. Some feed them on bar- 

 ley meal niixeil with skim milk, and confine ihem 

 in a hen-coop during this time; others merely 

 confine them in a house ; while a third class al- 

 low them to run quite at lilierty ; which latter 

 (iraclici', from the exficrience of those on whose 

 judgment we can most rely, is by tar the best 

 meihod. Care should, however, be taken lo feed 

 them abundantly before Ihey areallowed lo lange 

 about in Ihe morning, and a meal slionld also be 

 prepared for them al mid-d,iy ; 10 which ihey will 

 generally repair of own .accord. "^I'liey should be 

 l'fi\ at niglil, beliiie roosting, with o.al-mial and 

 skim-milk ; and a day or two previous to iheir 

 liiiii;.' killed, tlii'V should eat oats exclusivcdy. — 

 We have found from experience, llial when tur- 

 keys ar(! pnridiased for the table, and cooped up, 

 Ihey will never increase in bulk, however plenti- 

 I'ully Ihey may be supplied wilh food and li'esh 

 waler, bill, on the conlraiy, are very liable lo lose 

 flesh. When feeding them for use, a change o( 

 food will also be found beuidlcial. Moiled carrots 

 and Swedish turnips or poinioc* mixed wilh a 

 lillle barley or oat-meal, will be •;riedily taken 

 by ilicm. A cruel method is prac-iiced hy some 

 lo render lurkeys very fal, which is termed cram- 

 ming. This is done by forming a pasle of I'rumbs 

 of bread. Hour, minced siiel, and .sweet milk, or 

 even cream, into small balls alioiit ihe hulk of a 

 marble, which is passinl over the throat ufler full 

 ordinary meals. — Farmer's Library. 



The Delights of Agricultare. 



To Mr. James A. Uupee of Boston we are in- 

 debted for ihe loan of an agricultural book enti- 

 tled " Campania Fa^lii. — Or a Discourse of the 

 Benefits :uid Improvements of Husbandry, &:.c. 

 By Tim. Noui<<e, Gent. London: Primed for 

 Tho. Bennet, at the Half Moon in St. Paul's 

 Chiuch-yard 1700." The title page, bears the au- 

 tograph of William Dummer, who was Ll. Gov- 

 ernor of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay in 

 172:3. This book, like that written two hundred 

 ye.irs ago found among the effects of the late 

 President Weare, may be read wilh delight by 

 the admirers of nature engaged in wuiching the 

 rapid production of earth's fruits. The men of 

 olden time appreciated truly the height and the 

 depth of that pleasure which is felt by the suc- 

 cessful culiivator of niniher earlli when be wit- 

 nesses how much the providence of iialnre helps 

 his own industrious labors, riglufully applied. 

 Nothing earthly is more satisfactory to us than 

 the rapid growing of the corn and grain and 

 grass and other useful vegetables at that season 

 when the genial rain and sunshine of summer 

 conspire to do the useful work for which an Al- 

 mighiy hand had designed them. It is gratify iiig 

 too 10 find that human minds hundreds of years 

 ago were impressed on this subject as we are 

 now impressed. How wondertid this faculty of 

 mind, with ihe same tastes, coming and leading 

 to the same conclusions hundreds of years and 

 thousands of miles apart ! 



As a matter of interest to Americans of the 

 iiineteenih century, we extract from the writings 

 of the Englishman of the seventeenth, a few of 

 the first paragraphs of the ancient hook to which 

 we have alluded, wilh ihe change only of Ihe 

 ancient orthography to that of the present day. 

 Of Country Atfiiirs in General. 



Before 1 come to speak particularly of matters 

 relating lo a country life, it will not he impio|i- 

 er to glance a lillle upon this subject as it oH'ers 

 ilself to our general prospect, which indeed is 

 both pleasant and profilable. And first for its 

 pleasure, what can he more suitable to a serious 

 and well disposi-d mind, than to conlemplate the 

 improvements of nature by the various melhods 

 and arts of culture. The same spot of ground, 

 which some lime since was noihing but heath 

 and desert, and under Ihe original curse of 

 lliorns and briers, al'ler a lillle labor and ex- 

 pense, seems restored to its primilive beamy in 

 Ihe slate of Parailise. Curious groves anil 

 walks, fiuilliil fields of corn and wine, wilh 

 fiowery meadows, and ssveet pastures, well stor- 

 ed wilh all suns of callle for food and use, lo- 

 gelherwiih all ihe adv.inlages and delighls of 

 vvaler curreiils and rivnlels;as also with iufi- 

 nile v.iiiely of friiil-heuring trees, of beautiful 

 flowers, of sweet and fragrant herbs, &c., are 

 the familiar and easy produclions ot' industry 

 and iiigemiily ; all which, as Ihey atlord exireme 

 d( li:;lit lo our senses, so must il needs be a r.iv- 

 ishiiig pleasure l'c>r the contemplative lo consid- 

 er, \V lial an iiilinile varieiy of vegetables, so 

 hcaiiliful and gr.iceful lo all our senses, and so 

 sovendgn and useful for health, may be produced 

 out of a lillle poriion of earth well rullivaled, 

 and all this from lillle .seeds or grains of small 

 worlh ill appearance. So that this kind of em- 

 pliiyment may most properly be called a rtcrea- 

 tioii, not only from the refreshment il gives lo 

 the mind, but from the ristoralion of nature, 

 which may be looked upon as a iit'iv creation of 

 things ; when from nothing, or from soinelhing 

 next to noihing, we become the inslrumeiils of 

 pioiluciiig, or of restoring them in sindi perfec- 



lioM. 



.And aliliough the |)raeiice of hnsh.-indry be a 

 business <d" some toil and cari^, of some hazard 

 and experience, yel ihere is this in it to make all 

 I hese tilings en.sy, viz. : When a man shall con- 

 sider the gradual advaiii'cments of growing n.i- 

 lure, so that every vlay represents things under 

 new colors and beauties. Il is pleasant to see a 

 field of corn shooting out of the earth, which 



