134 



^[)t irannci''0 iHcinti)!!) jjisitov. 



Virginia, he who prom|)te<l llie landholders of 

 the Sniilljern Stiitcs lo think, iiiiil liiiight lliein 

 thiit they Iiail a. business to he studied, and a 

 stake in the Government to he cared tor — he 

 rccoininendtd that at the tinje of " pulling np" 

 hogs in autumn the plantation should he s\ve|jt 

 clean of every thing in the shape of a hog, litile 

 or hig, (except the hrecding stock,) which was 

 not under ten nionlhs old : as, if over tlial, and 

 carried tlirougli unoiher year, it would not he 

 worth its cost. 



A look at the census will show with what 

 reniarkahle coiTCspondence Indian corn and 

 hogs jump together! In the production of these 

 two great staples of life, Inciiau corn and pork, 

 Tennessee t;ikes the lead, while New-York pro- 

 duces more than four to one over Tennessee in 

 value of "orchard products." The "swinish 

 multitude" of Tennessee excels that of that of 

 the great Empire Slate as 2,92U.C07 over 1,000,- 

 000. 



Bushels of Corn, jyumber of Swine. 

 Tennessee 44,086,188 2,920,607 



Kentucky 30,847,120 2,310,533 



Virginia 34,577,501 1,902,155 



Ohio 33,668.144 2.000,746 



Indiana 28,155,887 l,ti23,608 



North Carolina 23,803,1(53 1,640.716 



New-York 10,702,286 1,000,063 



But it is reniarkahle in the agricidiural econo- 

 my of New-Y'ork, that the numher of her swine 

 is nnich larger than the other Slater, in jjropor- 

 tion to the quantity of Indian corn she (iroduces, 

 going to show that she turns other resources in- 

 to pork, which, in other States, do not exi.-^t, or 

 are neglt'cted or otherwise disposed of. Many 

 are doubtless reared and sold in New-York 

 when young, on the offal of her dairies and 

 orchards united ; for with her only 10,702,286 

 bushels of corn, she exhibits very nearly 2,000,- 

 000 of swine. To her large flour manuliietories 

 and their ofTal, and her vastimmber of distilleries 

 and breweries, ioo,may he ascribed her large num- 

 ber of swiue in proportion to her corn ; for they 

 seem to be to these establisluDents as natural 

 appendages as to redundant fields of corn. In 

 the number of gallons produced from both dis- 

 tilleries and breweries, New-Y'ork claims unen- 

 viable excellence over the great corn-growing 

 States above mentioned — as, for instance — 



Distil- Gallons Brew- Gallojis 

 leries. produced. eries. produced. 

 N.York 212 11,973,815 83 6,0.50,122 

 Penn. 1,010 6,240.19:3 87 12,765,074 



A'irginia 1,454 865,725 5 32;060 



N.Carolina 2,802 1,051,070 17,431 



Tennessee 1,426 1,109,107 C 1,835 



Kentucky 889 1,763,685 50 214,580 



Ohio 300 6,-320,467 50 1,422,584 



Indiana 32:5 1,787,108 20 188,:392 



We leave to the moral and curious inquirer to 

 measure the iulelligeiice and refinerjient of the 

 jieople in these several States, to see, if practi- 

 cable, whether there beany connection between 

 the quantity of intoxicating-, ardent, and hebe- 

 tatitig malt liquors, and the chivalry and social 

 progress of the people. In another paper, this 

 being alrea<ly spun to a mncb greater length 

 tbnii we expected, directions that may be fully 

 relied on sball be giv(Mi for CKn'nifi^iwcoii. In ibe 

 meantiirie let those who really wish lo know what 

 gooiI'Mianis" are — ncjt inferior or but litile, to 

 "Westphalia," (tor they are "hard to beat, ") 

 — let them go in among ihe snug, peaeelul, or- 

 derly, industrious, neat, thrifty, systematic (^iifi- 

 ker farmers anil housewives in Montgomery coun- 

 ty, Maryland, or among the yet remaining gal- 

 lant descendanis of the old, wll-hred, four-in- 

 hand, luintjulep and Ibx bunling tide-waler 

 families of Vijginia, and be will then get to 

 know what a pood )mm re(dli/ is .' — a thing never 

 yet made in perfiiction out of a swill-tub or a 

 pumice-trough. — Farmer's Library. 



From the N. V. rariiK-r nnil Mcrtmnir. 



Comparative Merits of Charcoal and Barn- 

 yard Manure as Fertilizers. 



In the year 1788, my father |)nrehased atul 

 removeil upon the tract of land in llanovci- 

 township, Morris county, N.J. The hmd, owing 

 to the bad sysleui of cullivation then prevailing, 

 was completely exhausted, and the buildings anil 

 fences ill a slale of dilapidation. The liiuuda- 

 tion of the barn was buried several feet beneath 



a pile of manure, the accumulation of years; 

 lilile <ir none ever having been removed upon 

 the lands. Even the cellar, beneath the farm- 

 house, was half tilled with Ibe riling of sheep 

 and other annuals, wljieli had been sheliered in 

 it. The former occupant of Ibe farm had aban- 

 doned it on account of its supposed sterility, and 

 laken up the line of march (or tlu! Valley of the 

 iMiami, along wilh the first caravan of pioneers 

 who accompanied Judge Symme.s. 



The barn, bellare referred to, was removed 

 to another siiuation soon alter ils foundation 

 was uncovered, by the remov.-d of the manure 

 to the exhausted fields; and ils site, owing to 

 the new arrangemems of the farm, became the 

 centre of one of ils enclosures. During the 

 .seventeen years whicli I afterwards remained 

 upon the farm, tho spot coulil easily be found 

 by the luxuiioiisness of the grass, or oilier crops 

 growing thereon; though the abatement in ils 

 ferlility was evident and rapid. On revisiling 

 the neighborhood in the autumn of 1817, I care- 

 fully examined the corn crops then standing up- 

 on the spot, and was unable to discover the 

 slightest difference in I he growth or product, 

 upon that and other [arts of the field. This 

 was about twenty-eight years afler the removal 

 of the burn. Upon the same fJu'm and upon 

 soil every vvay interior, were Ihe remains of 

 several pit-bottoms, whire charcoal had been 

 burned before the recollection of any jierson 

 now in the vicinily, and most prob.'d)ly, judging 

 from appearances, between the years 1760-70. 

 These [lit-bolloms were always clothed, when 

 in pasture, wilh a luxuriant covering of grass, 

 and vvbeii brought under tillage, wilh heavy 

 crops of grain. Eleven years ago I pointed out 

 these facts to their present occupant, and hi;i 

 observations since, coiucifle wiili my own, pre- 

 viously made: that they relain their li:rliliiy, 

 very lilile impaired, a period probably of about 

 seventy or eighty, ami certainly not less than 

 sixly-llve or seventy years. 



Here then is an excellent opportunity of ob- 

 serving the comparative value of charcoal and 

 barn-yard manures, as a feriiliv.er of the land.s. 

 The former has not, alter at least sixty or seven- 

 ty years exposure, exhausted ils power of pro- 

 duction, while the hitler lost its influence eniirely 

 in twenty-eight years, and most probably in less 

 time. 



I have since had many otiportunilies of ob- 

 serving the effect of charcoal left in iiit-hottoms, 

 upon vegetation, one at which only, 1 will relaie. 

 The last .season, in the norlbern part of Ohio, 

 was one of uncommon liost and drought. In 

 May, the wheat fields when promising a luxuri- 

 ant crop, were cut ofl' by frost; — especially in 

 the valleys, and very much ii.'jured in the high 

 lands — which was succeeded by ihe most severe 

 drought ever expcricneu<l in the West. The 

 moiely which escaped both these scourges, was 

 afterwards very miieh injured by rust. Near 

 the village of Canton, upon a tiirm on hi[;h 

 ground, which bad been inoslly cleared of its 

 timber by its conversion inio charcoal, it was 

 observed that upon the old pit-boltoms, the 

 wheat grew very luxmiaiilly — was clear of rust 

 — and bad ripened plump in Ihe berry; while in 

 the adjacent pails of Ibe held it was short in 

 growth, the sietii blackened wilh rust, and the 

 berry ligbl and shriveled. The bint has not been 

 allogelher lost upon some of the farmers in the 

 vicinity, and some of them arc preparing to 

 make an .■ipplicatioii of charcoal upiiii their 

 lands; ibo result of which when liilly asccrtain- 

 eil, I shall be bajipy to communic.ile to the pub- 

 lic, especially if the liicls above stated succeed 

 in altrucling the uttenliuii of agricnliurisl.s 



Lewis V.aii,. 



Speedwell, Morris Co., N. J., July 28tb, 1846. 



Celebrated Oaks of Euglaud. 



We copy from an English |)nblicalion the 

 fidlowing brief sketch of some of ihc most re- 

 markable English oaks of which wo have at 

 prc'sent any record. It probably will ho both 

 curious and inleresting lo some <A' our readers. 



"Theiildist oak in England is supposed to 

 be llic Parliament oak — tiiuii the tradilion of 

 I'.ilward I., holding a parliament under ils 

 branches — in Clipstone I'ark, belonging lo tin- 

 Duke of Portland — this park being also ihe 

 most ancient of the island ; it was a park before 

 the Ronquest, and waa seized an rucIi by the 



Conquei-or. The free is supposed to be 500 



years old. 



"The tallest oak in England was believed 

 to be the properly of the same nobleman; it 

 was called ibe ' Duke's walking stick, ' was high- 

 hiuber than Westminister .Abbey, and stood till 

 of lale years. 



"The largest oak in this country is called Cal- 

 ihorpe Oak, Yorkshire; it measures 78 ti;et in 

 circumference, where the trunk meets the 

 ground. 



" The 'Three Shire Oak, 'at \Vorkshop, was 

 so called liom its co\cring part of the coun- 

 ties of York, Nottingham, and Derby. It had 

 the greatest expanse of any recordi'd in this 

 island, dropping over 767 square yards. 



"The most productive oak was that of Gelo- 

 nos, in .Monmoullisbiro, felled in 1810. Its bark 

 brought 200 pounds, and its timber 670 pounds. 



"Ill the mansion of Tredegar Park, Mon- 

 mouthshire, there is said to be a room 42 feet 

 broad, and, 227 fi'et long, the floor and wainscot.s 

 of which were Ihe production of a single oak 

 tree, grown on the estate." — Farmer &,■ J\Technnic. 



From the Xew York Pun. 

 Fattening Stock. 



.Summer has gime, and now we find ourselves 

 entering the tiill season. Tbt) harvest is over, 

 and now the farmer begins to lliink about fatten- 

 ing stock. We propose, then, to ofler our atiri- 

 cultural readers some valuable suggestions on 

 this most important part of Ihe farmer's duties. 

 Now we think the whole mailer may he made 

 of easy comprehension and memory, giving it 

 under the fidlowing heads: 



1st. How to (!ho(ise fattening stock ; 



2d, 'J'lie conditions of kee)iing them; 



'M. The fiiod, ils qualities, pri'paralions, &:c. 



.And, first, as to selecting _\om- slock. Animals 

 po.-^sessing small lungs, small liver and small 

 spleen — indeed, sin.dl offal of every descrip- 

 tion, have a greater disposilioii to liitten, and 

 lo lay the fiit on the pioper [daces — that is, 

 lo make that pretty sneaked meat which ihe 

 housewife loves to sec, and which sells so read- 

 ily in market — we mean that meat which has 

 a red and white apjiearanee. ^I'hougli these 

 fiiets can in no way help the farmer in his 

 choice, yet ihey lead to the knew ledge of prin- 

 ciples which will aid him. There are certain 

 signs which indicate early maturity, or a tenden- 

 cy of the animal having llicse marks lo produce 

 fill, or niusele, wilh greater rapidilj and tiicilily 

 than animals that do not have them. The first 

 we will mention is touch. Now a thi»/!, hard, un- 

 i/ieldinp hide is by no means (iivorable; hula 

 //ii")7, paper;/ feeling hide, transparent and shining, 

 and covered wilh thin hair, indicate a good feeder, 

 an animal that will easily (iitten, but not carry 

 iniich muscle; this also indicales a delicate 

 constitution. I'lit, if the toiieli be perfect, that 

 is, if the animal has a thick loose skin, floating 

 as it were on a layer of sott fiit, yielding to the 

 least pressure and Kjiringiug back lo the touch 

 of ibe finger, like a piece of chamois leather. — 

 These are the very best symptoms; they iiuli- 

 cale hardiness, and capable of cany ing pleniy 

 of muscle as well as plenty of fat. Unwll bonis 

 is another favorable sisu. Tho size of Ihe head ; 

 when the bead of ihe hull approaches to the 

 n.arrow elongated form of the li'in.de, his stock 

 will fallen readily. Such are the indications of 

 seleeling good fatU'iiing stock. 



2d. — The condilion of keeping them. And 

 in the first place, we will show how they should 

 be kept ill the growing slale. 



Now, while slock is growing, the object should 

 be to rai.se as much muscle as possible, at the 

 least e.vpensc, because, nearly .'dl the fleshy pait 

 of an animal is allained d ring the growing 

 time, and the tallening lime puts on the admix- 

 lin e of fat and le.in. To etfecl this, then.let grow - 

 itfj stock Im fed on peas, beans, and bailey meal, 

 along with good hiqigrass, and Iiirnips. changing 

 according to sea.<-on and circumstances; and 

 take notice that change of diet will tend more 

 lo produce appelilc, than by regulaliiig Ibe 

 quantity or qnaliiy of ihcir food. 'I'uruips and 

 carrots, allhoiigb so valuable in manufaclming 

 beef and mutlon, yet must not bo given too 

 carelessly. They contain a great di'al of waier, 

 and wiHiieed lo he accompanied wilh drier feed 

 occasionally, m order to prevent tho scouring, 

 nor is this nil, giving dry feed occnsionally 



