a/eai^meatttBSs 



(^\)t iarmcr's ilToutljln Visitor. 



173 



EiKiii^ili is not iisimllj' put iti;tlieie should he 

 sufficient lo iilisorl) all lliis ii'-id, say iit least a 

 |]eck lo a liunel of ashes — it enii do no hiut. It 

 verj olieii happens lliat enliie liiihircp result IVoin 

 II Me;;lerl; the house-wile linds her ley to he o( 

 iull stieuiiih hy means of the domesiie hydioiu- 

 Klcr, a hen's ejifr, hut no soap is the result. A 

 synipall.izinji nelf;hhor tells her that she is vvorU- 

 iiifl in the wronf.' lime of the inocju— or ihatper- 

 liaps her soap is hewilihed. A s'rong effer- 

 veseenee of the ley with sharp vinegar, usually 

 tells the serrel ; and the application of eanstic 

 lime will not nhlie(pienily remcive ihe dil1iiull\ 

 lit oiire and reslore order. The ashes should he 

 elosidy hcaten down in Ihe tuh, or else ihe water 

 will descend loo rapidly ihrori^h il, and heliire il 

 herornes .Mituraled wilh the dis.solved polash ; — 

 llie only renjedy in which ease heiiijr to rim the 

 ley a;:aiii through the ashes. The ley should al- 

 ways he used Iresh, as it hei-omes so much weak- 

 ene'd in a dav or two, hy exposure to the carhoii 



ways ne used iresn, as ii oei-omcs so nimcm hchr- 

 ene'd in a day or two, hy exposure to the carhoii- 

 ie acid of the air, that soap i-annot he made. In 

 such cases, Ihe remedy consists in addiiif; liesh 

 lime to lender it rausiir. 



The lilt usually employed, is the refuse grease 

 of the luicheii, which does well ; and lo prevent 

 it from hecomiiif; mouldy helore n.-e, it should he 

 covered wilh weak or siroiiir ley. When used, it 

 :, l.^:i...j 1... t^..n I . .....H ■..kit ifii..? i.f' Lie 



is boiled over the tire, and small portions ul' ley 

 successively adile<l, keeping' it hiiiliii;;, till there 

 lire two fiallons of ley lo lour pounds of 



rease. 



sisteney oC soap is coiilrolled hy this addition ol 

 water. The Ijest is tenacious, and not hriille, 

 ...I ^ n^i ...r.i... ......III.. ..I 



corrodinu' (pialily of 



whii'h induces waste. Tl 



soap is owiiijr lo Ihe di ficiciii^y of yiease. 



Soap must he kept in a pine Inh — a thick pine 

 tar-harrel is good. — Jlibany Cullivulor. 



Bloody Milk.— Mr. VVildiiian, of Caslile, N. 

 Y. says: " 1 wish lo ask of yon, or some of your 

 eorrespondenls, what J can do lor a likily yonii;,' 

 cow I have ih.it came in last spring', ;>nil has ^dv- 

 eii liloody milk for the last ivvo or three week.s 

 I have had recommended iraryct root and nine, 

 both of which J have Irieil, and see no ijood re- 

 sult. I slill conlimie to. milk her. and It'cd it to 

 the hogs, ill hopes ihat there is sorni'lhiiig I r'an 

 do for her tha; will restore her milk, as she is of 

 a superior breed which I wish lo keep on iny 

 farm." 



Blood ill milk arises from the rnnture of hlood 

 vessels in the lacteal jlaiiil, where ilie milk is 

 secreted from arterial hlood. One has to lely 

 moslly on Nature lo heal the hleeiling vessel.s. 

 Qiiai'k nostrums can do hut lillle good at hest, 

 iind may injure the general heallh of a valnahle 

 cow. iVlilk very gently three times a day, and 

 wash the hag in cold water, made colder 

 hy Ihe solution of a litile .oall. The ohject of 

 fre(pipnt milking' is to avoid the great distension 

 of the vessels in the gland, am! llieir liuhiliiy to 

 bleed; while the? a|iplii'alion of cold water will 

 serve, like applying' it lo ihe forehead or hack of 

 llio neck to check bleeding at the nose, to con- 

 tract ihe open mouths of the capillaries which 

 e.\iide hlood into the milk. — Genesee Farmer. 



Let's try again: — Farmer A. keeps one good 

 cow; liirmer li. keeps two middling cows that 

 yiehl just as mmdi as A."s cow (7"2 dollars.) .A. 

 di'diu'.ls the cost of keeping (iJO dollars.) B. de- 

 ducts costs of keeping (tJO dollars.) A.'s profits, 

 above the keeping in one cow, are foity-tvvo dol- 

 lar.s. B.'s profits above ilie keipiug of two cows 

 are twelve didlars. On one cow there would be 

 sl.\ dollins. 



Have we put a very uncommon case? Go in- 

 to the yard of any <-aiclnl farmer, who keeps 

 twelve cov\s, and he will tell yon ihat some <>( 

 lliem yield twice as much as others on the same 

 keeping. 



Yet who will give lifiy dollars for a good cow 

 when he can have a iniddliiis; cow i\>r twenly- 

 live ? We answer, — not one liirmer in tweiiiy. 

 And ihis is the reason why so few are willing to 

 devote themselves lo the raising of superior 

 stock. We have no bidilcrs. Our people think 

 Ihe English great fools lo pay such piiccs as ihi y 

 do for tirsi rati^ cattle. We may yet think dili<:r- 

 ently. — Mass. Ploughman. 



.\ MIDDLING Cow AND A GOOD CoW. — A 



niidflliiig cow will yield five ]iounds of hrilter 

 per week, — while a good cow will yield ten. 

 N'lW I ffr both <d" these for sale— the midilling 

 animal being as large and haiiilsome as the good 

 one. How many purchasers, ihluk jou, will give 

 fifty dollars for the one rather than twenty-five 

 for the oilier? 



Let us make a reasonable estiuialc. It costs 

 thirty dollars a year to keep a ernv, and Ihe pro- 

 duce of a michlling one i.s worlh thirty-six dol- 

 lars. Your cow earns yon six dollars over and 

 above ibe keeping. But your good cow earns 

 yon seven limes six! She yields twice as miicli 

 milk and linltcr, jei the cost of her keeping is 

 Ibe same as ihe oilier. Hi'r eariiiii!,'s;u-e sevenlv 

 two dollars; and if yon deduct her keeping (30 

 dolls.) \ou liave forty-two dollars for her animal 

 profit — seven times as mucli us _\(;iir luiihlling 

 cow ! 



Have we iimde any mistake in the figures? 



Fatteiiin:; Ilogs. 



It has been demonslraled ihat in fattening 

 hogs, :i great saving of food is made hy cooking: 

 :uid we believe ihat a very considerable improve- 

 ment in Ihe ipialily of pork is likewise diected 

 by tli.-it process. From experience, we should 

 allogelber prefer pork, either for eating fresh or 

 for sailing, ihal had h<-en talleiied on dairy-slops, 

 with cooked polaioes, pumpkins, or apples, 

 mixed while lini vviih ;i portion of meal, eiiher 

 ol' corn, rye, barley, oals and peas, or bnckwheal. 

 VVe know the idea is prevalent that the best pork 

 is made from "liaril corn and C(dd water;" some, 

 indeed, who allow their bogs vegetables and 

 slops during the first pari ol' their fatleuing, con- 

 fine ihem wholly lo corn for a short lime beliire 

 ihey are killed, in order, as they say, lo "harden" 

 ihe pork. We are convinced this is erroneous. 

 Ill the western part of the conntry, where in 

 many cases noihing hut corn is fed lo hogs frmn 

 the lime lliey are able to swallow it till lliey are 

 slanghtered, ihe pork is notoriously more oUy, 

 and not as v\ell lasted as that which is made in 

 seclions w here a varieiy of food is used. 



In leediiig s/oi'f swine, Ihe advantage of conk- 

 ed f(jod is nol so obvioii.s. The digeslive organs 

 can mana:;e a small <|oaniily of raw fooil, even 

 ihough it be IndiMi coi n, and are probably able 

 to exiract the nulrimeiit fnlly from il ; but if the 

 r.ivv lood is iucie;ised beyond a certain amount, 

 it will not lie ihoroniihly digested. We have 

 heard it argued that if it were necessary to re- 

 strici hogs to a shmt allowance, il would he hest 

 to give Ihe food raw, hecinseihe longer time re- 

 ipiired for ils digestion, kept ibe animals longer 

 free from the pane's of hunger. It iiinst be a 

 belief similar lo ihis, or the resnil of acinal ex- 

 perience, wbicdi induces the Irish people, (;ic- 

 cordingto ftir. Coliuan.) lo cook ihiir potatoes so 

 slightly as to '• leave a sloiie in the middle." We 

 confess the idea is not to us iinreasouable. But 

 when it is wished lo yirrtcn animals it becomes 

 an obje<'t lo have them consume as great a quaii- 

 liiy of food daily as can be perlectly digested, 

 because the sooner they consume a given anioiinl 

 the greater will be ihe proportion of flesh or fal 

 accuniiilate<l. Cooking does Ihe work, in part, 

 of digeslion, and by ihiis assisting the funciions 

 of the animal, enables it to dis|iose of a l.uger 

 rpiniility, while at the same time, it is dispo-sed in 

 Ihe manner niosl prolilahle to the feeder. 



From the middle of Seplember to ihe middle 

 of November, ihe pumpkin is one of ihe besi 

 arlicles of food for hogs which the fiirmer can 

 have. By ihe way, we deem the pumpkin crop 

 one of the ino-t pi ofitahle that can he grow n. 

 For llie prodnclion (d' rich hnller, we know of 

 uolliiiig c(]iKil lo it, and it ccnnes in just when 

 there is usually a deficiency of giass-leed. For 

 liilly two months they may be used to excelhiil 

 advaiitaire and wiili but lilile irouble. Foi cous 

 it is only rerpiired to cut them and feed them in 

 their m.-mgers, or break ihem in pieces on clean 

 sward irioimd. Fm' boirs they simuld be boiled 

 in as lillle water as will answer to cook ihem, 

 and when soft lliey shoidd he mashed fine, and 

 about one-foiirlh of their bulk of meal inlim.ilely 

 mixed in. Gooil, ripe, sweet pumpkii.s, coniied 

 ill this wa\', wilh a litile whey or skimmed milk, 

 will make liogs luHeii us fust as tiiiy food we havt 

 ever used. 



But bogs, like oiher animals, rerpiire a varieiy 

 of food ; ihey will not do as well confined lo 

 one kind, however good il may he; it is best 

 iherefiire, to vary iheir diet In ipicnlly, or to iii- 

 coiporaie .several arlic Its inio a iiias.s, occasion- 

 ally ciiaiigiug ihe relative pio|iorlioiis. 



ilogs should he kept dry and comfiirlably 

 warm, while being liiltenech 'J'hey slionld ho 

 led in clean troughs, and llie appeiiie slionld lie 

 so closcdy vvalched ihat no food is given them to 

 he left from one meal to anolber. Noihing 

 should he omilled which will promole iheir (pii- 

 elnde, for on ihis greally depends ibeaccnmnla- 

 lion of fill. The nervous system has such a con- 

 nexion wilb Ihe secrelive organ.s, ihal an animal 

 which is conslanlly rcsih'ss cannot I e lallcned. 



A plentiful supply of charcoal si O'dd be al- 

 lowed lo bogs while fallening; il is a good pre- 

 ventive againsl d\sp>^psia, a disease which is not 

 confined w holly lo llie highcsl order of animals. 

 The coal eoirecls the acidily of the slomach, 

 and greally promotes digestion. — Aibanj Cult. 



Agriculture as an Occupation. 



A I'orrespondent of the Albany CnllivalOr ihiis 

 discourses upon Ibe choice rd'a piirfessiou : — 



A senliment has prevailed, and I fi-iir yci pre- 

 vails to an alarming extent, ihal the praclical 

 liirmer nccnpies a place in socicly a grade lower 

 iliaii ihe proli'.ssional man, ihe merchanl, or ihaii 

 oiher hiborcrs. iMaiiy of our yoiilbs have im- 

 bibed ihis seiitimeiii, and have been cncouiagi d 

 in it by the fijiid but injudiiioiis parent. Tims, 

 nol a few who might oiherw ise have been use- 

 ful members of socieiy, have been ilirown ripon 

 ibe world, mere pesis lo ihe cdrnmiinily. I have 

 cer;"inly no aniipaibies lo the learned profession.s, 

 ihe mercanlile business, or mechanical einploy- 

 meiils. These are all in cessary and imporiaiil; 

 but I insist that agricullure is neither less im- 

 porlalit or less honorable, or less useliil. 



The difiienlly is not so mindi in the several 

 kinds of business, as in the fiict. ihat an undue 

 proportion of our fellow citizens are engaged in 

 ihe liirmer, lo ibe neglect of ihe latter; and more 

 than all, that ibe senliment which I have sugges- 

 ted prevents mnbilndes from engagiii}; in eiiher. 



Froi y own ohseivalions in a life of more 



ihan lolly years, and looking back and billowing 

 ihe hislorv of my early assoeiales, and from a 

 somewhat extended acipiaiiilance w lib ihe world, 

 I am fully ol' ibe opinion ibal thai senliment is 

 one of ihe most friiiifnl sources of i<lleiie.ss'aiid 

 crime, of any that can hi; named. And yet, what 

 mnliiuiiles of joung men and guardians acl, or 

 seem lo act, under its iidioence. 



I knew a man in my early boyhood, who has 

 a profession but very liiile else, (except a numer- 

 ous lamily) who was of'len beard to say, that his 

 sons should never be fiirmers, let vvliat wnnld 

 come. Those sons are now vagabonds, e.xci pt 

 one, who has already conie loan niilimelv ci.d. 

 His ilaiighleis married gentte'iicn, and are lioili 

 living in abject poverly. This is only one among 

 the miihiiude ofcases wliiidi miglil he menlion- 

 cd. Slill, men will puisne the same path. 



1 know a liirmer wilh two sons — smart active 

 lads, enjoying g<iod healih, who, not long since, 

 rented his liuni, that be anil his boys might live 

 easier. 1 was inclined to say lo ihat faiher, lake 

 care, sir, that you train not ihose fine fellows lo 

 idh ness, dissipalion and vice. 



God made man an agricnliurist, and while in 

 a stall! of innocence, his first bnsiiic.ss was to 

 till Ibe ;;rom;d. And in every age ot' iIm; world, 

 some of the giealest and best men have been fiir- 

 mers. .lob and Abraham were tiirmns ; ^Va^ll- 

 ingloii and Jackson were farmers — as also a mid- 

 liliide of vvoitliy names and noble spirits, who, 

 like Ihem, have blessed the world wilh exam- 

 ples of greatness and lioiiorable deeds. And I 

 rejoice to know ihat many in our ow ii time, of 

 highly cnllivafed intellect, and enlarged views 

 and wordly competence, are proud to be ranked 

 among practical farnu^rs. 



Far belter bad il been fiir the world had the 

 nuiriber been tenfold grealer. I'^ar heller were 

 it for the present generalion, if in the choice of 

 ail employment, parenis and iheii' sons would 

 view the snhjeet ;i,is ihcse li:,ve done ; and let 

 those sons be ilirecied in their choice lo ihe 

 same wise rcsniis. 'J'lius, miieb of ihe idleness 

 and crime which are exerling sneli a lei'ifnl 

 influence upon ns, woidd iiuvtr have existed. — 



