»a-JLM'^^B> Wl gij i >.L-LiWWH i . 



ari)c irgrtncv^q j Honthlii lli^itor. 



tliroiileiied to Knock liis tcf;ili down liis llii'oal il 

 lie ((■rain opened liis niotilli. Tliis elian-e In the 

 n^pvr.l oCiiffairs wnse.xroediii^'lv ;;nuilVinf;lo mc, 

 iuid alter mlnioiiiiliing tlie Udioler to never ;i"!iin 

 siiliniit (or il inonient'to sncli niiiruxeoiis tre.-il- 

 ineni, even to Miie a life, 1 walked on witli as 

 li'Xiiia heart as if J iiad found ii purse of juwels. 



Cotton. 



Georf.'ia Sea Island cotton Is of a dull liinter 

 lint, the filament Iji-ini; sonio three times lonijer 

 than that of India coiinii wool. The (iiires iue 

 cylindrii-o spiial, and hence the ease with which 

 they are s|iiiii inro cotton thread. 



Geort;ia U|dand conoii is good li)r coarse yarns. 

 The_sia|de Is short, li^'ht. ami feeble. Jt was cal- 

 led (hr a Ion- lime " Houed cotton," from the 

 fact that it was sefiarated from these ed hy the 

 blows of a how-string. 



Tennessee cotton is of nearly the sime niialiiy 

 ns the Georyia U|,hiii<l, except that it is cleaner 

 iinil the staple a little loii'.'er. 



New Orleans cotton is superior to the two last 

 named Umds, and may he said to occupy a mid- 

 hle point hetweeii Sea Island and Georgia Ui.- 

 laiid. ' ' 



Pernamhuco cottcii has a fine Ion"- staple 

 clean and iimlorin, and yarns made from it are 

 in great request among the slocking weavers 



Demerara, Hereidce and Maianhani cottons 

 are hue and -lossy, and well cleaned. They are 

 spun into a fair stout yarn. 



Hahia cotton is better than either of the two 

 kinds last named. 



Surinam collon has a Ion;; staple, and Is faint- 

 ly tin^'e.l will, yellow. Jt is clean, and much 

 soiiaht after by hosiers. 



VVVsl India cotton is from Bourbon seed— the 

 staple IS fine and silky, hut not well prepared 



barbadoes cotton has a short staple, but is silky 

 and strong. It appears in the market with mucii 

 nusk. — American Fanner. 



Winter Calculations lor Farmers. 



Fuel.— Every farmer knows that a green stick 

 of wood IS much heavier than a seasoned one. 

 It a Slick of beech or maple, or of any other 

 wood coinmoMly used as fuel, be weighed when 

 fir.st em, and again when thoroughly seasoned it 

 will be found to have lost about one third of 'its 

 weight, which \f, of course, the water in the wood 

 evaporated by drying. How much water Is there 

 then, in a single cord of wooil .= There are 188 

 cubic feet; deducting two-filths for the inlersti- 

 ces between the slicks, leaves 77 solid feet of 

 wood. One-third, or 9.6 cubic feet of this is wa- 

 ter, which IS pijual to more than six barrels the 

 quantity in every cord of green wood. 'tIiu 

 teamster, then, who draws in one winter, a hun- 

 dred cords of wood to market, loads, draus and 

 unloads, more than (300 bavrels of water, which 

 he need not have done had the wood been cut a 

 year sooner and properly seasoned. How nmch 

 would he charge lor drawing those 600 barrels, in 

 water, separately .' 



Ag.iiii— In burning green wood, the water in 

 the wood being cold, is healed from freeziu-r ,„ 

 boding. lu the consumption of every cord of 

 wood therefore, six barrels of water' are thus 

 inade to boil, the heat of the wooii passin- into 

 .he Walter instead of being liberated and becom- 

 n- available, as wonhl be the case If the «ood 

 was dry, and no water to heat. Many of onr vil- 

 lages, contammg two or three thousand inhabi- 

 tants consume each year five thousand cords of 

 wood, one-third of which, at least, or sixteen 

 Imndre.l, is green. Hence, the people of such 

 V Ihige are at the needless expense of boili,,., 

 nhont ten thousand barrels of cold water yearlf 



^z;';Hi^;!!;r "''"' """'' ""^ "^"-^ »' 



m'^"''''"";'' ''■; ••'■'''•'''■"'ilK-'l ''"It III" heat required 

 o evaporate a barrel of water, nfler il is heated to 

 boilmg, IS more than five times that required (br 

 he healing. That is, if a vessel of cold wa e 

 be placed over a fire, and a half hour be required 

 to heat „ horn the freezing to the boiling poin 

 lien It will be tound to require five more hal 

 mms to evaporate all ihe water. Consequenilv 

 .1 burnmg „ cord of green wood, the heatVq i -' 

 eil to drive off- ,|,e .six barrels of water in steam 

 which must be done „hile ihe wooV s und, ' 

 .^ five tunes as great .as .he mere boiling of "Ir.; 

 wa.ci, or equa to heating thi, ly barrels to boil 



of green wood in a winter, as many do, also per- 

 lorms the needless task of evaporatiii" sixty bar- 

 rels oi water, which is equal to iieming to the 

 boiling point no less than six hundred barrels 



Is there any mistaku or error in these ealcula- 

 tioiis.' 1 hen let It be pointed out. The wei'dii 

 o( water in a green siick, may be easily known 

 by first weighing it, then seasoning it by the stove 

 a lew week.s, and. weighing again. lii this way 

 the ipianlity of water iu a cord may be determin- 

 ed wiihout mistake. The heat required fiir evap- 

 orating can he ascertaineil by experiment. All 

 the other calculations fidlow as a matter of 

 course, and contain no material error. Now is 

 the lime for every one to have his wood cut a 

 year in advance, and, if possible, iwo years, so as 

 to sea.soii one year iimler shelter. 



Again— It has been found that m a common 



fireplace, the loss of heat which escapes Ihrom'h 



the chimney, is nine lenth,sof ihe amount caused 



by Ihe coiisumiitioii of the wood; that is, nine- 



teiiths are lost. This has been determim,,! by 



comparing the qiianliiy of wood needed to heat 



the same room equally, where a fireplace, and a 



stove with forty leet pipe, were each used. Hence, 



the village which burns a lliousand cords of wood 



111 fireplaces, expends niiib-lenlbs of this amount. 



or nine hundred cords, in heating the air above 



the chimney tops. Thiough the chimney of a 



Uu-fie fireplace, there is n rtirrem of hot air, a foot 



square, and moving four feel a second. That is, 



lour cubic fiiet ol hot air are sent out into the 



wide atmosphere every second, which is equal to 



eighty-six thousand cubic feet In tweniy-four 



hours, the amoiiiu which every fiirmer, who uses 



an open firet'lace, contributes lo the winds. 



FKF.ni.NG Domestic Animals.— If one cow 

 daily ireads ihree pounds of hay under loot in tlie 

 mud, she will «aste about a hundred pounds per 

 month ; or a herd of twenty cows would waste a 

 ton per mouth. At this rate, how many times 

 every ten years, would the quantity wast"; d pay 

 the expense of making feeding boxes and lacks' 

 Hateri.vg Cattle.— Many farmers suffer a 

 loss by not providmg good and convenient water 

 for their cattle. An animal that is compelled to 

 ?o half a mile oyer a slipjiery road, and chased 

 perhaps by dogs, cannot gain in flesh by the op- 

 eration. }C a cow has to travel twice a" day lialf 

 a mile to water, and return, she travels two miles 

 a day— or ten cows perform twenty miles of trav- 

 elling per day, and two lliousand miles each win- 

 ter. 



Gates.— Every field on the farm sl.oidd be en- 

 tered by a good selfshnlling and self-fasteuin.r 

 gate. I'armers, who are too busy in summer lo 

 make them, or gel them made, .should see lo it 

 now. How long does il require to take down and 

 pijtupa set of bars'? Ac least two minutrs; 

 which It repealed three times a day for a year 

 amounts to Ihirly hours, or three days of work- 

 ing lime— which would yearly pay for a good 

 gate. Or, examine it in anoihe'r po'iut of vi(7w_ 

 thiee times a day, is eighteen huudred times a 

 \ear;^now, is there any man between Halifax 

 ami tahforuia, who would take down and reidace 

 a set of bars ei-hteen himilred times in succes- 

 sion, in payment for a fiirm gate ? Hardly— yet 

 this i.s the price yearly paid by those who use 

 bars that are constantly passed, and the gate is 

 liotohiamed by it. Again-liow much better is 

 a well hung gate, than one half-hung f-or one 

 with a good sf.lAll.stening latch, than one with a 

 pm crowded into an anger hole ? Try it by 

 dragi-mg a badly hung gate over the ground, 

 eighteen hundred limes in constant succession, 

 securing it each lime with a pin, and see if you' 

 do not think tins labor would pay fi:r good hi'n"-- 

 es anil a latch. — llbany Cullivalor. ° 



Hence the f-M-o,e^"I.r"i"' ■"'"'"" "■"""- snepnercls. who are agents to th 

 .lence, the (a, mer v, ho burns twenty cords cial Associalion. nn.l knn...„.»i. 



Manufactcre of Antiquities.— There ex- 

 ist at Rome secret workrooms of sculpture 

 "here the works manufactured are broken arms, 

 heads of (he gods, feet, satyrs, ;md broken torsi 

 —of nobody. JJy uieaiis oV a liquid there used, 

 a color ofthc finest aniiipiity is commuuicated kj 

 the marble. Scallered about the country are 

 goat herds, who feed their flocks iu the vicinity 

 ot ruins, and look out liu- foreigners. To llie.se 

 ihey speak incidenlally of the treasures Ibimd by 

 d^iffging a few feet dee[) in such neighborhood^. 

 Ihe English, iu [larlicular, are victims of sucli 

 mystifications, and freely yield their money to the 

 shepherds, who are agents lo the General" Artifi- 1 



,».J ^j- 



he piekaxe. Ihey are careftil, lm^vever, lo spend 

 iMiKjh time ami fruitless .search before they come 

 I'lijilly ii|ion tnu treasure, for which ll,e Ihreigner 

 vyillmgly pays England is full of these anirqni- 

 lies ot a mouth s age. Nor do the amateur numis- 

 inatis's leave Rome with empty luuids ; for In 

 Iliat city are daily coined, wilhotit fear of the 

 law. Hie money of Qesar, Hadrian, Titus, Helio- 

 :,'.d,alus, and all the Anthonies ; filed, pinched, 

 corroded, lo give the look of age. Paris may be 

 said lo have hitherlo, by comparison with Lon- 

 don, escaped ibis ejiideuiic for the youthfiil an- 

 tiquities of bronze and marble— but she is de- 

 voured by the forders of middle-age antiquities. 

 It IS notorious with what skill and iiupiidence 

 certain cabinet makers, mauufacliire chairs, ta- 

 bles, and loolstools of Ihe fifteenth century, and 

 hovv readily they fiml dupes. A young aniiqua- 

 ly showeil, lately, wilh great pridj, to an artist, a 

 friend of his, a very fine article of Gothic fiirni- 

 tme, which he had just bought at great cost "It 

 IS very fine," said his friend, afier examina'tion, 

 •• and It will last you long— fbr it is quite new." 



From Die Alliany Cullivalor. 



Management in Farming. 



The present is a very appropriate season for a 

 review ol the past operations ol the hum, and 

 devising plans fbr the future. Every one who 

 has not yet reached the highest summit of agri- 

 cultural skill and perfection, will, doubtless^, wish 

 l(^ make continual advances townids that desira- 

 ble accomplishment, and the direction of the at- 

 tention of such to some points in practice, may 

 possibly be of value. 



The great secret of success in all kinds of bu- 

 siness— the reason why one man becomes rich, 

 while .-mother remains poor— is, management. A 

 great deal is said of the im|ioriaiice of capital to 

 liegm with, and it is indeed a very great conven- 

 ience. We kno«v many young farmers who ut- 

 ter frequent regrets that they have not as fair a 

 start as some others-'hey could, as they think, 

 do wonders if they had plenty of means as a be- 

 ginning. Rut regrets do not make money. Ev- 

 ery one knows, that he who does not reap lar^e 

 profits from a liberal capital furnished him, mirst 

 bn a poor manager indeed. Tin.' man who has a 

 hundred acres of land, wilh one thon.saud dol- 

 lars .as ad.lilional capital, inay fiirui much more 

 satisfactorily than he who has the same amount 

 of land encumbered uiiba thousand dollars debt. 

 lie IS two lliousand better ofi; and would be 

 mnch Ihe worse manager of the two, if his prof- 

 Its from the same land were not decidedly the 

 greatest. _ That man shows his skill i,re-einiuent- 

 ly, who, instead of repining at difficulties, sur- 

 mounts them; who, by superior management, 

 keeps pace wilh his longer- pursed neighbor. 



Rul, saysou,e,« ben Ihey hear of an improv- 

 ed mode of larmiug, " we know this is the best 

 practice, but the fiict is, we cannot pursue it_we 

 have not the means, and we cannot get it— we are 

 not rich enough to he thus economical." Now 

 we hope such persons will permit us to say, that 

 this conclusion proceeds from a want of informa- 

 tion. A eertaiu \oni.g farmer's expendituresaie 

 three hundred dollars yearly ; and after the most 

 rigid economy n every pariicular, so that a single 

 dollar could not be retrenched, lie saves nothing 

 Another young farmer, with the same means pre- 

 CISC y, and will, equal economy, saves two hun- 

 dred yearly. What is the reason of this difl^er- 

 ei.ce 7 \\ hat the seci-t of the better si:ccess of 

 the latter .= I he answer is-a better application of 

 the same means— or in other words, better man- 

 agement. Hence, Ihe vast importance of under- 

 standing the bestapplica-ion of n,ei,iis. 



\\e will veulnre lo suggest a few of the par- 

 ticii ars in which we ihink nianv of our fi.rmers 

 tiiight make more or less improvement— some of 

 them very decidedly so. 



One of the first of these is, a neat and wdi- 

 cwus laying out of their farms; for economy iu 

 feuciiig; for iconvenience of access to all their 

 fields ; and in such a manner, that each crop may 

 occupy as nearly as possible its own field, so as 

 to admit of a good system of rotation Hence, 

 Ihe lane or farm-road should be lood, hard and 

 level, to admit of easy cartage of manure and 

 crops, to and fiom all the fields. Hence loo if 

 the land varies in quality, that of similar char.'i<r- 

 ter must be as nearly as praclicable in the same 



enclosure, so that meadojw nj.rl r.„„. 



,--■■..- „,..,o»u«»'a'enenfl ■■..,.» t — 



