®l)c iTarmcv's iiTontlil|) bisttor. 



119 



rock salt, passed through a fine sieve, that there 

 may be no hiiii|is or particles that will not dis- 

 solve. (How olleii have you had your teeth set 

 on edge by coming in contact with a lump of 

 salt, in otherwise good butter ?) It is salted to 

 suit the taste, and the market, (which requires it 

 very mild unless it is designed for keejiing a long- 

 er time than usual ;) it is then placed in the re- 

 frigerator and kept cool until it is taken out, 

 worked on an inclined table with a break, packed 

 in new tubs containing 25 lbs., ai\d sent to mar- 

 ket, which is done every week, always using ice 

 in every part of the process, the weather requir- 

 ing it. 



The committee will be better able to judge of 

 the value of the milk and butlprmilk, for hog 

 feed, when 1 state that I have sold pigs, pork aiul 

 ,n<l, to the amount of $1,0(>3.09, at an expense 

 of $(j'G7.00, for purchase money and fee<l, other 

 than milk, and that my hogs have made, of the 

 feed and materials given them to work, near 300 

 half-cord loads of manure, the value of which eve- 

 ry farmer ought to know, 



Dairy Statistics. — The committee appointed 

 by the Society to award premiums on butter dai- 

 ries, of which Hon. iMr. Uennislon was chairman, 

 appended to their report some interesting statis- 

 tics, showing the great value and importance of 

 this department of husliandry. We invite atten- 

 tion to their remarks, vvliich we herewith copy : 



'J'he committee would ask indidgence for a few 

 moments to remark, that butter dairies constitute 

 the most valuable agricultural interest in this 

 State, and cannot receive too much of the foster- 

 ing care of this Society. 



In looking at the returns of the last Slate cen- 

 sus, the article of wheat appears, at the Hist 

 view, to be the most valuable crop produced in 

 the State. 



The number of bushels raised in one year, is 

 given at 13,301,770, which, at 90 els. per bushel, 

 which is believed to be a fair average price in all 

 parts of the State for several years together, yields 

 $12,052„593. 



The ()uantity of butter made during the same 

 year, was 79,501,733 pounds, which, at twelve 

 and a half cents per pound, which is believed to 

 be a similar fair average price, yields $9,937,71(J. 



To this may fairly be added, for increase of the 

 butter dairy, as follows: 



There were milked the same year, 999,490 cows, 

 of which number three-fifths at least, it is esti- 

 mated, were appropriated to butter dairies, and 

 the remainder to cheese dairies. Three-filths of 

 the whole number would be599,685,which would 

 yield say 500,000 calves, after throwing away the 

 99,085 Ibr casualties, and in conformity to a cus- 

 tom which prevails in some places, of killing 

 them when one or two days old — enough, the 

 connniliee think, to warrant them in saying that 

 the increase of the 500,000 cows, in the shape 

 of veal and calves raised, would be equal to two 

 <lollars per head, which would give $1,000,000. 



There were the same year 1,584,354 hogs,worlh 

 doubtless upon an average, three dollars jier head, 

 one-third of which number may be considered 

 as raised annually by the milk from the cows 

 used for the butter dairies. One-third of the 

 whole number is 528,114, which at three dollars 

 each, is $1,584,342. The whole may be summed 

 up as follows : 



79,501,733 lbs. butter, 124 cts. per lb., $9,937,710 

 Increase of 599,085 cows, after de- 

 ducting the 9'J,085 for casualties, 



&c., as above, say 500,000, at $2 



each, 1,000,000 



528,114 hogs, at $3 each, 1,584,342 



milking of cows and making the butter, which 

 is cheaper than the labor required in ploughing, 

 sowing, and threshing the wheat, and carrying it 

 to market. 



The cost of transportation to market is greatly 

 in favor of the butter dairy. 



Forty firkins of butteuand three tons of pork 

 would be considered a good crop from a very 

 considerable farm, and yet this qiMUitity would 

 not make more than five or six two horse wagon 

 loads, while six hundred bushels of wheat, the 

 product of a moderate farm, would make twenty 

 wagon loads, and the cost of railroad or canal 

 transportation would show a similar inequality. 



Moreover, the process of grazing in making 

 the dairy crops, continually fertilizes the soil, and 

 in this respect it exhibits a decided advantage 

 over the wheat crop, as the process of plough- 

 ing gradually wears upon and reduces its fertil- 

 ity. 



The butter dairy is also very uniform and re- 

 liable, while the wheat croj) is subject to many 

 contingencies. 



The above calculations are not claimed to be 

 quite accurate, but they are believed to be suffi- 

 ciently so to show that the butter dairy is the 

 most valuable farming interest in the State, and 

 worthy the most favorable regard of every friend 

 of agriculture. 



Equally favorable with the best dairy-produc- 

 ing land in New York is much of the rough 

 mountain land in New Hampshire already, and 

 to be, brought into cultivation. — Ed. Visitor. 



Total, $12,522,058 



The crop of wheat, as above, de- 

 ducted, 19,052,593 



Leaving a balance in favor of the but- 

 ter crop, of . 8409,405 

 If the committee have estimated the increase 

 from the cows too high, or if they have put down 

 too many hogs ae the product of the butter dai- 

 ry, either or both items may be much diminish- 

 ed, and yet leave a balance in favor of the butter 

 crop. 



Another advantage of the butter dairy over the 

 wheat crop, consists in the cost of labor of pro- 

 duction and transportation to market. The la- 

 bor of females and boys is used mainly in the 



Cdltivation of CerSal Grains in Cold 

 Climates. — In SillimarCs Journal, there is a no- 

 tice of a paper recently published in St. Peters- 

 burgh, on the culture of grain in high latitudes, 

 by Si. Kupfl^er. It is stated that in the north of 

 Russia, near Nertcliinsk, vvhere the mean tem- 

 perature is about 20 degrees F., all the cereal 

 grains are cultivated with success, especially sum- 

 mer rye and Inrley, although there are only two 

 months and a half, or at most three moiillis, be- 

 tween plougliing and harvest. In the same fields, 

 he found by digging, that the soil was complete- 

 ly frozen at u depth of seven feet, and so hard 

 that a crow-bar was required to turn it up. This 

 was on a hot day near the middle of the month 

 of August. The depth to which the ground is 

 frozen in high latitudes is surprising ; thus it is 

 slated that in penetrating the earth near the place 

 above mentioned, to the depth of 175 feet, not a 

 drop of water was found ; all was frozen. 



Young farmers, consider your calling both ele- 

 vated and important — never bo afraid of llio 

 frock and the apron. Put off no business for to- 

 morrow that can be done to-day. 



Pickling Cucumbers. — A correspondent of 

 the New England Farmer gives an eflicacioiis 

 method of pickling cucumliers, — which he 

 learned from an old sea captain in the West In- 

 dies. The recipe is very simple, and the superi- 

 ority of pickles cured by its direction has been 

 tested by many years' experience. They are 

 neither affected by age, season, or climate. The 

 following is the recipe : — 



"To each hundred of cucumbers, put a pint of 

 salt, and pour in boiling water sufficient to cover 

 the whole. Cover them tight to prevent the 

 steam from escaping, and in this condition let 

 them stand for twenty-four hours. Then they 

 are to be taken out and after being wiped per- 

 fectly dry, (care being takan that the skin is not 

 broken,) placed in the jar in which they are to 

 be kept. Boiling vinegar is then to be put on 

 them, the jar to be closed tight, and in a ibrt- 

 night, delicious, hard pickles are produced, as 

 green as the day they were upon the vines. The 

 best vinegar is to be used." 



Exportation of Apples. — Elihu Burritt urg- 

 es the attention of the people of Maine to the 

 raising of apples for foreign market, stating that 

 apples which in Maine are made into cider, or 

 fed to hog.s, will command a dollar a bushel in 

 England, the cost of sending thein he estimates 

 at twenty cents jier bushel. 



When an implement is no longer wanted for 

 the season, lay it carefully aside, but let it first be 

 well cleaned. 



Obtain good seed, prepare jour ground well, 

 sow early, and pay very little attention to the 

 moon. 



CONCORD, N. H., AUGUST 31, 1847. 



Fineen Days abroad in New-Hampshire, Ver« 

 mont, aud the Canada Townships. 



Our Inst paper left us at the end of the second 

 day from home, on the 8th of July. At that time 

 much exhausted in hasty efforts to perform an 

 engagement, which it was perhaps imprudent to 

 make, the editor of the Visitor was yet anxious 

 to visit friends and see more of northern Ver- 

 mont and New-Hampshire than he had yet seen, 

 and especially to mark the effect which might be 

 anticipated from virtually annihilating much of 

 the difficully of transport that bad been the great 

 obstacle to improvement of the soil in regions at 

 a distraHce from the seaboard and the marts of 

 trade. 



We left Norwich after breakfast on the morn- 

 ing of the 9lh July : it was a roundabout way of 

 taking the mail three times a week in the direc- 

 tion from Dartmouth College to Montpelier in a 

 two horse vehicle, constructed especially for tak- 

 ing passengers over the high hills. We were by 

 no means disposed to complain that the distance 

 lengthened out carried us through a country 

 where we had not before travelled. 



The mail coach drove up to take us, with only 

 a single seat in the inside vacant, and two young 

 ladies on the outside seat with the driver ; and 

 all the passengers females, with the exception of 

 our single self Before leaving the village another 

 passenger, wit|i trunk and bandbox at the door, 

 gave signal of expectancy, and common polite- 

 ness could do no less than prompt the offer to 

 give up the inside in cvchange for an outside 

 seat with the baggage. The driver gave us his 

 place between the two ladies, and contrived 

 himself to stand up or rest as room might be 

 crowded out to him. 



The driver and passengers, with the exception 

 of the lady who last entered, the widow of one 

 of those excellent men whose enterprise accu- 

 tntilated the first wealth and reputation of the 

 Green Mountain Stale, were all strangers to us. 

 The seven passengers entitled to the first seats 

 were all from the factories of Lowell and Man- 

 chester, the daughters of farmers, going home to 

 visit their friends. For years past the largest 

 tern of support to the stages running on the 

 most considerable lengthened roads through 

 New-Hampshire and Vermont, has been the fe- 

 male passengers going to and from, the factory 

 towns: the nearer make their visits home as 

 often as every (bur and six months — the more 

 distant, once a year, or may be longer. They go 

 dressed like ladies : modest and retiring, with 

 no previous acquaintance, many of them would 

 pass a whole day without speaking, where there 

 is any uncertainty in relation to the abuse of con- 

 fidence. These lady passengers are found in our 

 stage coaches with no means more than conjec- 

 ture of what and who they are; and so great 

 and so secure has become the mode of travel in 

 New-England, that all females (lass on journies, 



