1335.] 



FARMERS' REGISTER, 



99 



Ulmus Americana — White elm. 



While elm, general name given to this tree, in all 

 parts of the United States where it grows. Michaux. 



N. B. We doubt the generality of this application. 

 It is new to us. It is generally called, in the vicinity 

 of Boston, American elm, or simply elm. 



Ulmus alata — Wahoo. 

 Wahoo, name given to this species in the maritime 

 parts of the southern states. 



Ulmus rubra — Red elm. 

 Red elm, most common name in all parts of the 

 United States where it grows. Slipperuelm, seconda- 

 ry name in New York and New Jersey. Moose elm, 

 in the upper parts of New York. Or me gras, by the 

 Illinois French. 



Planera ulmifolia — Planer tree. 



Planer tree, name given to it to preserve the memo- 

 ry of some individual. Michaux. 



N. B. We are not told who this personage was, 

 nor why the tree (as M. Michaux, in the French idiom 

 remarks) was consecrated to him. 



Populus tremuloiiles — American aspen. 

 American aspen, name given to this tree in the north- 

 ern and middle states. Michaux. N. B. Sometimes 

 called aspen poplar, and sometimes poplar only. 



Populus gfarididentata — American large aspen. 

 American large aspen, name given by M. Michaux 

 to this species, which is ordinarily confounded with the 

 preceding one. 



Populus argentea — Cotton tree. 

 Cotton tree, known by this name on the Savannah 

 river. 



Populus hudsonica — American black poplar. 

 American black poplar, name given by M. Michaux 

 to a species (as he says) before destitute of a name. 



Populusmonilifera — Virginian poplar. 

 Virginian poplar, name given in Europe to this spe- 

 cies. 



Populus canadensis — Cotton wood. 

 Cotton wood, name given to this tree on the Missis- 

 sippi, and the rivers which flow into it. 



Populus angulata — Carolinian poplar. 

 Carotin inn poplar, name given to it in Europe, be- 

 cause first brought from Carolina. 



Populus Balsamifcra — Balsa,m poplar. 



Balsam poplar, known under this name in Canada. 



N. B. It is probable M. Michaux means by this or 

 the next, the tree which is called black poplar, tacama- 

 hac, and balm of Gdead poplar in the state of Massa- 

 chusetts. 



Populus candicans — Heart-leaved balsam poplar. 



Heart-leaved balsam poplar. 



N. B. If this is a different species from the last, it 

 is the tacamahac of Massachusetts. 



Tilia Americana — Bass ivood. 



Bass ivood, prevailing name in the northern and 

 middle states. Lime, name almost as frequent. 



Tilia alba — White lime. 



Whitelime, this species on the Ohio, is confounded 

 with the last. 



Tilia pubescens — Downy lime tree. 



Downy lime tree, thus called in the southern states. 



AInus serrulata — Common alder. 



Common alder, in all the United States. 



Alnus glauca — Black alder. 

 Black alder, in Vermont. 



Salix nigra — Black willow. 

 Black willow, general name in all the United States. 



Salix ligustrina — Champlain willow. 

 Cham/plain willow, name giver, by M. Michaux, who 

 found it on Lake Champlain in great plenty. 



Salix lucida — Shining willow. 

 Shining willow, name given by M. Michaux. 



From the Library of Useful Knowledge — Farmer's Series. 

 THE VICES, AND DISAGREEABLE OR DAN- 

 GEROUS HABITS OF THE HORSE. 



The horse has many excellent qualities, but he 

 has likewise defects, and these occasionally 

 amounting to vices. Some of them maybe at- 

 tributed to natural temper; for the human being 

 scarcely discovers more peculiarities of habit and 

 disposition, than does the horse. The majority of 

 them, however, as perhaps in the human being, 

 are consequences of a faulty education. Their 

 early instructor has been both ignorant and brutal, 

 and they have become obstinate and vicious. 



Bestifness. 



At the head of the vices of the horse we place 

 restifness, the most annoying, and the most dan- 

 gerous of all. It is the produce of bad temper 

 and worse education; and, like all other habits 

 founded on nature and stamped by education, it is 

 inveterate. Whether it appears in the form of 

 kicking, or rearing, or plunging, or bolting, or in 

 any way that threatens danger to the rider or the 

 horse, it rarely admits of cure. A determined 

 rider may, to a certain degree, subjugate the ani- 

 maj; or the horse may have his favorites, or form 

 his attachments, and with some particular person 

 he may be comparatively or perfectly managea- 

 ble; but others cannot long depend upon him, and 

 even his master is not always sure of him. We 

 will speak of the most likely means of cure, or 

 escaping from danger, as it regards the principal 

 forms under which restifness displays itself; but 

 we must premise as a rule that admits of very 

 few exceptions that, he neither displays his wis- 

 dom, nor consults his safety, who attempts to con- 

 quer a restiff horse. 



An excellent veterinary surgeon, and a man of 

 great experience in horses, Mr. Castley, truly 

 says, in 'The Veterinarian,' 'from whatever cause 

 the vicious habits of horses may originate, wheth- 

 er from some mismanagement, or from natural 

 badness of temper, or from what is called in York- 

 shire a mistetch, whenever these animals acquire 

 one of them, and it becomes in some degree con- 

 firmed, they very seldom, if ever, altogether for- 

 get it. In reference to driving, it is so true, that it 

 may be taken as a kind of aphorism, that if a 

 horse kicks once in harness, no matter from what 

 cause, he will be liable to kick ever afterwards. 

 A good coachman may drive him, it is true — and 

 may make him go, but he cannot make him forget 

 his vice; and so it is in riding. You may conquer 

 a restiff horse; you make him ride quint for 

 months, nay, almost for years together, but I af- 

 firm, that under other circumstances, and at some 

 future opportunity, he will be sure to return to his 

 old tricks ajjain.' 



