394 



FA i S' RE GTS T E f; 



[No. 7. 



continually frozen. I did hot go over the field my- 

 self in the spring; but my manager told me, that 

 there was an abundance of garlic ou the top ol 



the ground, a i sofl as mush, and when cutting the 

 oats at harvest, although there vvi iderable 



quantity which had escaped, my manager says, 

 he is certain there would have been ten times as 

 much had it not been for winter treatment. Hav- 

 ing thus given my history on the culture oi garlic, 

 if you or any of your readers will in return, in- 

 struct me how to repel tho i i of mischief , 

 Carolina pink, wild carrots, and the blue thistle, 

 which are now commencing their attacks of vio- 

 lence, your account will stand equally balanced, 

 with that oi' your friend and humble servant, 



THOMAS IIILLEX. 



Extracts from Ure's Philosophy of Manufactures. 

 COMPARISON OF STEAM AND HORSEPOWER. 



The value of steam -impelled labor may be in- 

 ferred from the following facts, communicated to 

 me by an eminent engineer, educated in the school 

 of Boulton and Watt: — A manufacture in Man- 

 chester works a 60-horse Boulton and Watt's 

 steam-engine, at a power of 120 horses during the 

 day, and 60-horse during the night; thus extorting 

 from it and impelling lorce three times greater 

 than he contracted or paid for. One steam horse- 

 power is equivalent to avoirdupois, 

 raised one loot high per minuu ; I animal 

 horse-power is equivalent to nui\ 22,000 pounds 

 raised one fool high | r minute, or, in other terms. 

 to drag a canal boat 220 feel per minute, with a 

 force of 100 pounds acting on a spring; tin 

 a steam-horse power is equivalent in workii 

 ciency to one living horse, and oi lie labor 

 of another. But a horse can work at its full effi- 

 ciency only eight horns on', of twenty-four, 

 as a steam-engine needs no period of re] e; and. 

 therefore, to make the animal power equal to the 

 physical power, a relay of one and-a-half fresh 

 horses must be found three times in the twentj -four 

 hours, which amounts to four and. a hall' of horses 

 daily. Hence, a common 60-horse steam-engine 

 does the. work of four and-a-half times 60-horses, 

 or of 270 horses. But the above 60-horse steam- 

 engine does one-half more work in 24 hours, or 

 that of 405 living horses! The keep of a horse 

 cannot be estimated at less than Is. 2d. yer day; 

 and, therefore, that of 405 horses would be about 

 £24 daily, or £7,500 sterling, in a year of 313 

 days. As 80 pounds of coals, or one bushel, will 

 produce steam equivalent to the power of one 

 horse in a steam-engine during eight hours 1 work, 

 sixty bushels, worth about, 30s. at M ancestor, will 

 maintain a 60-horse engine in fuel during eight ef- 

 fective hours — and 200 bushels, worth 100s., the 

 above hard-worked engine during twenty-four 

 hours. Hence, the expense per annum is £1,565 

 sterling, being little more than one-fifth of that of 

 living horses. As to prime cost and superinten- 

 dence, the animal power would be gready more 

 expensive than the steam power. There are many 

 engines made by Boulton and Watt, forty years 

 ago, which have continued in constant work all 

 that time with very slight, repairs. What a mul- 

 titude of valuable horses would have been worn 

 out in doing the service of these machines! and 

 what a vast quantity of grain would they have 



consumed! Had British industry not been aided 

 by Watt's invention, it must have gone on with a 

 retarding pace, in consequence of the increasing 

 cost of locomotive power, and would. Ion:;- ere now, 

 have experienced, in the price of horses, and scar- 

 city of water-falls, an unsurmountable barrier to 

 further advancement: could horses, even at. the 

 low prices to which their rival, steam, has kept 

 them, be employed to drive a cotton-mill at. the 

 | resenl day, they would devour all the profits of 

 the manufac 



Steam-engines furnish the means not only of 

 i hut of their multiplication. They 

 create a vast demand for fuel; and, while they lend 

 their powerful arms to drain the pits and to raise 

 the coals, they call into employment multitudes of 

 miners, engineers, ship-builders, and sailors, and 

 cans;' the construction of canals and railways; and, 

 while they enable these rich fields of industry to 

 he cultivated to the utmost, fhej leave thousands of 

 fine arable fields free tin- the production of food to 

 man, which must have been otherwise, allotted 

 to the (hail of horses. Steam-engines, moreover, 

 by the ch 'apness and steadiness of their action, 

 fabricate cheap goods, and procure in their ex- 

 change a liberal supply of the necessaries and 

 c imfbrrs of life, i roduced in foreign I; 



•rii :; to m ato. 



Dr. Bennett, the or of Midwifery, and 



the Diseases of Women and Children, Hygeine 

 and Acclimalement, in the Medical College of 

 h is the Medical Department of 

 :rsil,3 of Lake Erie, at Cha- 

 grin, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, in his public introduc- 

 tory lecture recently delivered in that flourishing 

 ing statement, relative 

 to the Sola sicum, or as it is generally 



tomato, love apple, Jerusalem apple, &c, 

 to wit: 



1st. That it (the tomato.) is one. of the most 

 powerful deobstruents of the Materia. Medica, and 

 that in all those affections ol the liver, and other 

 organs when 1 calomel is indicated, it is probably 

 the most effective and least harmful remedial 

 agent known to the profession. 



2d. That a chemical extract will probably 

 soon be obtained from it which will altogether su- 

 percede the use of calomel in the cure of dis- 

 ease. 



3d. That, he has successfully treated serious 

 diarrhoea with this article alone. 



4th. That when used as an article of diet, it is 

 almost a sovereign remedy lor dyspepsia, or indi- 

 gestion. 



5th. That persons removing from the east, or 

 north, to the west, or south, should by all means 

 make use of it as an aliment, as it would in that 

 event, save them from (lie danger attendant upon 

 those violent bilious attacks to which almost all 

 unacclimated persons are liable. 



6th. That the citizens in general should make 

 use of it, either raw, cooked, or in form of a cat- 

 sup, with their daily food, as it is the most, healthy 

 article ol the Materia Alimentaria, &c. 



Now if these positions be true, it, is of the ut- 

 most importance that the public should be made 

 acquainted with the facts, and it is with this view 

 that I now make this communication for the press. 



