THE GENESEE FAEMER. 



281 



nejt-boxrcs for laying, l-t by 14 inches, nnd 10 iuclies 

 doep ; o, o, etc, nest-boxes for sluing heus of the same 

 size; I, a ladder or steps leading into tlie loft ; and S, 

 a stove for warming the apartment, if desirable, when 

 the veather is cold. 



"The transverse or cross section shows the building 

 from the bottom to the top, with the internal arrange- 

 menta; L denotes the laying apartment, and Hthe 

 hatching-room, divided in tlie middle by a partition ; 

 t», th«nest boxes, resting on tables, three or four feet 

 above the floor or ground ; b, b, boxes or troughs con- 



TR.4-NSVERSE SECTION. 



taining water, grain, brick-dust, sand, ground oyster- 

 shells, or the materials for the convenience of the 

 fowls; d, an aperture or door three feet above the 

 ground or floor, for the ingress and egres3 of the fowls; 

 a, a lattice window, three feet above the floor or 

 ground, for the admission of fresh air to the sitting 

 hens ; R, the roosting-place, or loft, shut off from the 

 laying and sitting apartments by the ceilings, c, c ; h, 

 a hole or opening in the ceiling for the escape of the 

 air below into the loft ; v, the ventilator at the peak 

 of the roof; p, the roosting-pole, or perch ; t, a trough, 

 ot bed, for retaining the droppings or dung." 



top — a thin cloth spread over the butter, and that 

 covered with salt and brine, through the whole season. 

 WIk'u tlio weather becomes cool, to hasten the thick- 

 ening of the milk, we leave a quart or two of butter- 

 milk in each pail when the milk is strained." 



The butter which obtained the premium was made 

 during the month of June, from five cows, fed on 

 pasture alone. The whole amount of butter made 

 from the five cows in thirty consecutive days was 

 2.t2 lbs., or about 1 lb. 10i| oz. per cow per day. 



The co\^s were natives, with a slight mixture of 

 Durham blood. The milk from the five cows, on the 

 2d of June, weighed 231 lbs. — measured 118J quarts, 

 or about 23^ quarts per cow. 



NEW YOKK PREMIUM BUTTEB. 



B. 0. Carpenter, of Elmira, N. Y., to whom the 

 New York State Agricultural Society at the last 

 Fair awarded the first premium for butter, gives the 

 fallowing interesting account of his process : 



" In compliance with the rules of your Society, I 

 submit the .following method of our butter making. 

 The milk, when drawn, is strained into tin pails, hold- 

 ing twelve quarts each, and set on the bottom of our 

 cellar, which is a water-lime cement, where it remains 

 until it becomes loppered. It is then, both milk and 

 cream, poured into churns, which hold a barrel each — 

 a pailful of water to six of milk added, and the whole 

 brought to a temperature of 68°. The churning is 

 done by horse power, and requires about two hours. 

 Just before the butter has fully come, another pailful 

 or two of water to six of milk is put into each churn, 

 to thin the buttermilk, so that the butter may rise 

 freely. The butter is taken from the churn into large 

 wooden bowls, thoroughly washed with cold water, 

 and salted with about one ounce of Ashton salt to a 

 pound of butter, and lightly worked through with a 

 common ladle. It is afterwards worked at intervals of 

 about three hours, for four or five times, with a com- 

 mon ladle, and packed into firkins the next morning. 



" The firkins are filled within an inch or so of the 



A BOY'S CORN CROP. 



Last year the Hon. Horace Greeley offered a 

 premium of $50 for tjie best acre of corn raised in the 

 State of New ^ork by a boy under eighteen years 

 of age. The premium has been awarded ts F. B. 

 Spaulding, of East Otto, Cattaraugus Co. The fol- 

 lowing is an abstract of the boy's statement: 



" 1. The crop on this acre of land in 1855 was corn, 

 without any manure, planted on green sward, plowed 

 under in the fall of 1854. The soil gravelly loam. 



"The land was plowed (with horses) the last of 

 April, 1856, ten inches deep ; dragged twice; marked 

 off for hills, with a hand marker, three feet apart each 

 way ; planted on the 17th day of May; corn appeared 

 above ground on the 22d day of May ; four kernels 

 were planted to the hill, and four stalks were left to 

 each hill. The corn was planted dry, without any 

 previous preparation. 



"3. The variety of corn planted was the Button 

 (yellow) corn, eight quarts of seed being used; ^11 J 

 cords (128 cubic feet) of green barn-yard manure (drop- 

 pings of cattle and horses, and including half a cord 

 of hog and hen manure,) were used, spread broadcast, 

 and in the hill — the former plowed under and the lat- 

 ter put in the hill, covered over two inches deep with 

 earth, upon which the corn was dropped and covered 

 about two inches deep; it was cultivated, lengthwise 

 and .crosswise, twice, and hoed twiee, immediately af- 

 ter cultivating. 



"4. The corn was cut up the middle (15 to 20th) of 

 September, put into 'shocks,' and left in the field 

 about four weeks, when it was carted to the barn and 

 husked, and the corn put into common, out-door, slat 

 cribs, to dry. There were ten loads of stalks, of half 

 a ton each, valued at $4 per ton, or total of $20. 



"There were 152 bushels of ears of corn; 76 bush- 

 els of shelled corn, by a sealed half bushel measure ; 

 weighed 63 lbs. to the bushel, which, at 56 lbs., (vide 

 Revised Statutes of New York,) would make 85^ bush- 

 els per acre by weight. 



m I fc 



Mosses. — "So spot is too desolate, none too sterile, for 

 mosses to inhabit and enliven. From Spitzbergen to 

 the islands on the Antartic Ocean, along the sides of 

 lofty mountains, in the most exposed situations, couch- 

 ing on wild heaths, overspreading old walls, nestling 

 in hedges, clinging to the bark of trees, loving much 

 and equally frost and snow, wind and tempest, needing 

 nothing but moisture for their sustenance — everywhere 

 they may be seen, adding fresh beauty even to the 

 loveliest spot?, making gay the solitary places of the 

 earth, and causing the arid desert to rejoice and be 

 glad. Kot only are they the first plants which make 

 their appearance in a newly-formed soil, but they cling 

 to the spot where they have taken root— English paper. 



