302 



THE GEJTESEE FARMER. 



keep the batter at a gentle boil for two hours more, 

 the stirring being still continued, but not necessarily 

 so frequently ag before. The vessel is then to be re- 

 moved from the tire and set aside to cool and settle, 

 etill gradually — this process of cooling being also 

 supposed to require two hours. The melted mass is 

 then, while still quite liquid, to be carefully poured 

 into the crock or jar in which it is to be kept. In 

 tie process of cooling there is deposited a whitish, 

 cheesy sediment, proportional to the quantity of 

 butter, which is to be carefully prevented from in 

 termixing with the preserved butter. These cheesy 

 grounds are palatable and nutritious, and may be 

 used as food. 



It is said that butter so prepared will stand for 

 years perfectly good, without any particular precau- 

 tion being taken to keep it from the air. That it is 

 good at the end of one year is a fact What think 

 you of the plan? J. F. 



Liberty, Tioga Co.,- Pa. 



Remarks. — One hundred pounds of ordinary fresh 



batter contains: 



Water 12 lbs 



Cnrd or caseine 1 " 



Pure oil 8T " 



100 



Pure oil will keep fresh for any length of time. 

 It is owing to the presence of water and curd that 

 butter becomes rancid. Salt preserver butter, by 

 saturating all the water— the less water it contains 

 the less salt is required to preserve it All that is 

 necessary to render butter capable of being kept 

 fresh for any length of time in a freeh condition, is 

 to remove the water and card. This can be done in 

 the way stated by our correspondent. Tbe butter 

 must be boiled till all the water is driven off, which 

 is marked by the cessation of violent ebulitioni. The 

 castine, like albumen, (white of egg) is coagulated 

 by heat, and will, on cooling, settle at the bot- 

 tom of the vessel; or it may be separated by strain- 

 ing it while hot through muslin. 



Butter is often prepared in this way for tise on 

 ghip-board. It is also the usual way of preserving 

 it in India, where it is called ghee. Similar methods 

 are also employed in many parts of the continent of 

 Europe. The boiling, however, destroys much of 

 tlie flavor of the batter. — Eds. 



BREAETKG PBAIREE LAND IN THE FAIL. 



Mbbsrs. Editors: — "L. C. S.'' says, in the Sep- 

 tember number of the Genesee Farmer, that he has< 

 " never yet known any prairie breaking done before 

 the middle of May, or later than the first of Au- 

 gust" What does he mean by this ? Does he mtean 

 that because he has never seen it done at other times, 

 frgo it should never be done at other times ? A 

 strange doctrine; yet I would like to know what hiis 

 "eighteen years' experience" has taught him. It 

 has taught me (three year^ experience) that heavy, 

 wet prairie had much better be broken after vegetiv 

 tion has ceateJ in the fall. Then the frosts of win- 

 ter pulverize it thoroughly, and make it a fit bed for 

 aeed to vegetate in the next spring, (of course after 

 liorough drainage, for wet prairie is only fit for wild 

 grass, knd produces none of our cultivated grasses. 



If not plowed in the fall, do so in early spring. 

 Plant in com, in rows eight feet apart, the stalks six 

 inches in the row. Cultivate thoroughly with the 



harrow till the first of July. 'I'hen sow buckwheat 

 between the rows, and you will have your sod 

 thoroughly pulverized; or you can wait till the last 

 week in August and sow between rows with wheat 

 or rye, and get a good crop, and the land in fine tilth 

 for succeeding crops. 



I cannot get a plow that breaks heavy prairie well, 

 but hope to find one that will operate satisfactorily. 



Rochester, Fulton Co., Ind. C. Brackett. 



P. S.— In my letter on covered ditches, in the 

 September number, I meant to convey the idea that 

 it is better to leave the covered ditch a little con- 

 cave, so that it might run off the surface water, if at 

 any time the rain should be so abundant as to super- 

 saturate the earth, thus preventing water from stand- 

 ing on the surface at all. C. B. 



TAKE CABE OF YOUB TOOLS, FOBDER, tx. 



Messrs. Editors: — The season of hard labor is 

 past, and now comes the season of care. First 

 and foremost, the tools that will be required no more 

 this fall, should be oiled, (such as are of wood,) and 

 laid by in some safe place until needed next spring. 

 Scythes, harrows and such plows as will not be re- 

 quired for fall plowing should be housed secure from 

 dampness, so as not to rust. Keep no more pitch- 

 forks around than are needed for convenience; tbe 

 remainder should be laid by, and so with the rabea; 

 as only one will be needed on the barn floor during 

 the winter. 



After the tools are disposed of, attend to your 

 stock. See to it that your corn stalks are well taken 

 care of, for I believe we shaU need all the fodder for 

 use next winter, that we have. There are strong 

 reasons why we should use what we have with econ- 

 omy, and not join in, nor be deluded by, the cry of 

 superabundance of fodder. True we have a good, 

 average crop of hay, perhaps as much of straw, of 

 the various kinds, as we had last year, but there is 

 less corn stalks, besides being of an inferior quality 

 to those of last year's growth; if from no other 

 cause, many pieces are injured by the frost, which 

 was the case with very few pieces last year. There 

 is no old hay in the country to fall back upon in case 

 of necessity, as there was last winter, and still we 

 have the same amount of stock to feed. These are 

 a few of many reasons why I would urge economy 

 in feeding. Let there be nothing wasted, nor, as is 

 too customary, leave the carrot and turnip tops to 

 rot on the field. D. 



Gates, JV. Y. 



ON THE MANAGEMENT OF r?OUNG STOCK. 



Messrs. Editors: — The thought this evening 

 struck me that I would give you my ideas on the 

 management of young stock, commencing when we 

 begin to fodder in the fall. I would say if yoa do 

 not stable your young stock, (as but few in our sec- 

 tion do) prepare sheds covered with slabs, if nothing 

 else, to break off the cold winds, and hard storms. 

 Do not at first begin to feed straw, and coarse fod- 

 der; feed as good as you have, and when very cold 

 weather comes, feed your coarse fodder once or 

 twice a day. By this process your stock will be 

 kept in good heart the forepart of winter, which is 

 the very worst time in the year for them to get thin. 

 I If yon commence about the 15th of February t« 



