THE GENESEE FARMER. 



317 



ting clean, underneath low trees at least close enough 

 for all useful purposes. Weeds do not prow when 

 the limbs are low, and it is an injury to the roots of 

 the trees to plow close; thought low training a great 

 reformation. Western people seemed now to under- 

 stand this point, and all planted low headed trees. 



The PRp:sinENT remarked that he had found that 

 the extent of the roots of Pear trees corresponded 

 to their height, and a tree about eight feet high, for 

 instance, had a breadth of roots of about eight feet, 

 or four feet on each side, and the trees should not 

 be cultivated so close as to much disturb these roots. 

 He did not regard high trained trees in the light of 

 St. Pierre, who when walking through a grove with 

 a friend, remarked that he thought that it was a be- 

 neficent dispensation of Providence that the trees in 

 the grove grew just high enough for people to walk 

 under conveniently, without thinking that the lower 

 branches had been broken off by cattle running 

 underneath, and had decayed and fallen off by being 

 too close. 



The next subject discussed was that of the Proper 

 Age for Transplanting Apples and Pears into Or- 

 chards. 



Mr. Maxwell stated that nine years ago a neighbor 

 of his, planted some large apple trees, which grew 

 well, and that four or five days after he (Mr. Max 

 well) planted some little whips of the same kind, 

 and in four years they were the largest trees, and 

 bore the most fruit. 



C. P. BissELL, five years ago, planted some large 

 cherry trees, which have done very well; but at the 

 Bame time he planted some large apple trees and 

 some whips, and the small ones have made the largest 

 trees, and are bearing good crops for their age, while 

 the other trees only show now and then an apple. 



Mr. AiNswoRTH said a neighbor, some years since, 

 bought a wagon load of large apple trees, and plant- 

 ed them and manured them well; but they never 

 throve, and have all died out. A few years after the 

 same person planted a quantity of quite small trees, 

 and they have made a fine orcharcj. Another neigh- 

 bor, a few years since, bought some very small trees, 

 which have made large, fine trees, fifteen feet high ; 

 while a lot of large trees, planted at the same time 

 by another neighbor, have not grown six inches. 

 Large trees have large roots, and when they are 

 transplanted these roots are cut off, and, consequent- 

 ly, the tree is starved to death ; on the contrary, 

 small trees have a quantity of fibrous roots, which 

 are nearly all removed when they are transplanted, 

 and the tree scarcely feels the shock. 



Mr. Barry said this subject was a very important 

 one — that it was the first thing usually spoken of by 

 purchasers of trees — they must have large trees, and, 

 in most of these cases, large means quite large. He 

 had found that two years was the most favorable 

 time for planting pears, cherries and plums, and three 

 years for apple trees. There are exceptional cases, 

 where large trees are moved only a short distance. 



Mr. Hooker coincided with the remarks of Mr. 

 Barry. 



Mr. Barry would not cut back yearlings nor two 

 year old trees when transplanted, but would let them 

 remain a year, and then cut back severely. 



Mr. AiNswoRTH agreed with Mr. Barry. His ad- 

 vice wag not to cut back too far, as the buds at the 

 base of the shoots are small, and will make but a 

 feeble growtk 



Mr. IToAG out back severely some small trees when 

 he planted them, and the first two or three years they 

 made no growth, but have since done well. 



Adjourned. 



Second Day. — Morning Session. 



W. P. TowNSEND in the Chair. 



The subject first discussed this morning was in re- 

 lation to the Profitable Culture of the Small Frnita 



Raspberries. — Mr. Downing stated that the Hud- 

 son River Antwerp was found most profitable in his 

 section. It is cultivated there in fields, like corn. 



Mr. Hooker sold this year, off from one-tenth of 

 an acre of the Hudson River Antwerp, to the amount 

 of $14 80, making the average tor an acre about 

 $140. His neighbor, Mr. Bissell, found the profits 

 somewhat larger. 



Mr. Smith, of Geneva, said that a party near Ge- 

 neva realized $200 per acre from the common Black 

 Cap. 



Mr. HoAG preferred Brinckle's Orange. It is a 

 delicious fruit, bears abundantly and long after others 

 have ceased, yet it will not bear carriage as well as 

 the Hudson River Antwerp. It is, however, much 

 hardier than the Hudson River Antwerp, which 

 killed down very badly by the cold. 



Mr. Ellwanger remarked that Brinckle's Orange 

 did well with him, and that he heard very favorable 

 reports from it at the West. 



Mr. Barry thought that the raspberry could, with- 

 out doubt, be cultivated with profit; but can mar- 

 ket be found for it, if cultivated largely? If suiaScient 

 market was at hand, it would be found profitable, 

 even at six cents per quart. 



Mr. Hooker remarked that it was impossible to 

 transport raspberries many miles, either in wagons or 

 cars. He preferred, for his own use, the Fastolf, but 

 thought the Hudson River Antwerp preferable for 

 marketing; and another advantage this variety has, is 

 that the berries are all perfect, even to the smallest 

 and last. 



N. Draper, of Rochester, planted five kinds of 

 raspberries about thirty years ago, but found only 

 two kinds worth preserving, which were the White 

 and Red Antwerp. These bushes, for most of the 

 time, stood under peach trees, and were cut down 

 last spring. The product was usually about fifteen 

 bushels for sixty square rods. They were never ma- 

 nured, but had clean cultivation. Besides what he 

 used in his own family, he sold annually about twenty- 

 five dollars' worth. They could not be profitably 

 transported ten miles. 



Vir. Hooker said that, although raspberries did 

 not want to be starved, yet he had found high ma- 

 nuring to be unproductive. 



Mr. Downing remarked that where they are culti- 

 cultivated on the Hudson for the New York market, 

 they are carried by land only from one to four miles, 

 and then sent down the river in barges. 



Mr. Smith had sent to B iffalo and Syracuse quite 

 a quantity in two quart baskets. He thought good 

 cultivation necessary, and that the plant preferred a 

 moist soil. He laid the canes down in the fall, and 

 covered only the tops, which he found sufficient. 



N'ew Rochelle Blaclcberry. — 0. P. Bissell, of 

 Rochester, had an acre in cultivation for market. 

 It bears profusely. Must be thoroughly ripe to 

 have a good tiavor. The distance he planted was 

 six feet by four, but thought it would be better to 



