194 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



branches must be reduced in proportion, or it will 

 take a long time before equilibrium can be restored 

 and vigorous and healthy action again resumed. 



The same injurious consequences will result from 

 crowding and doubling back the roots of a tree 

 into a hole just large enough to contain them, or 

 from deep planting — for roots, like human beings 

 delight in the healthful influence of light and air. 

 Trees should therefore be planted shallow, and we 

 have met with good success where they were 

 planted nearly on the surface and soil brought to 

 cover them. For newly transplanted trees, no- 

 thing is more beneficial than mulching the roots 

 during the hot summer months. This may be 

 done with coarse litter, refuse hay, or any sub 

 stance which will shade the ground, and allow the 

 rains to pass through. Under this treatment trees 

 will thrive better, the size and beauty of the fruit 

 is thereby much increased, and the roots encour- 

 aged to the surface, where they can assimilate the 

 aliment which is indispensable to health and fruit- 

 fulness. 



As to the judicious selection of varieties, I have 

 to remark, that the only safe course is to choose 

 such sorts, and only such, as by uniformity of char- 

 acter in various localities, particularly our own, 

 have proved to be hardy, productive, and of good 

 quality. Experience has shown that many kinds 

 which have been highly lauded in the catalogues 

 of the day, are not suited to our region, whatever 

 may have been their excellence in other places 

 More than three-fourths of all the foreign vari- 

 eties which have been introduced within the last 

 thirty years, are unworthy of cultivation, or are 

 not adapted to our location. Much disappoint- 

 ment has therefore been experienced from this 

 source, as well as from selecting varieties which 

 have no other excellence than a fanciful or crack 

 jaw name. To remedy this evil, and to diffuse 

 correct information on this point, I have, in com- 

 pliance with frequent solicitations, prepared a list 

 of approved varieties in the various classes of fruits. 

 In submitting this list, I have regarded the com- 

 bined character of both the tree and the fruit ; for 

 instance, the health, vigor and fruitfulness of the 

 one, and the flavor, size and beauty of the other. 

 But I do not pretend that each of these varieties 

 combines all these excellencies. Seldom is this 

 true of any one sort, but I believe, from the expe 

 rience of a long course of years, that the following 

 classifications will be found well adapted to our lo 

 cality. 



For new sorts of high repu- 

 tation, but not yet fully 

 proved in this region: 



Northern Spy, 



Ladies' Sweeting 

 Melon, 

 Hawley, 

 Wagener. 



Our country abounds in native varieties of ap- 

 ples, which are superior to most foreign sorts. — 

 Our list might be extended and perhaps hereafter 

 improved. 



PEARS. 



For three varieties: 

 Bartlett, 



Vicar of Winkfield, 

 Beurre d'Aremberg. 



For six varieties, add: 

 Bloodgood, 



Louis Bonne de Jersey, 

 Golden Beurre of Bilboa. 



For twelve varieties, add: 

 Andrews, 

 Belle Lucrative, 

 Seckel, 



Flemish Beauty, 

 Urbaniste, 

 Olout Morceau. 



For twenty-four tarieties, 



add: 

 Jargonelle, 



Dearborn's Seedling, 



Beurre d'Amalis, 



Tyson, 



BurTum, 



Dunmore, 



Long Green, 



Duchesse d'Angouleme, 



Beurre Diel, 



Fulton, 



Winter Nelis, 



Easter Beurre, 



Varieties for Orchard Cul- 

 ture: 

 Jargonelle, 

 Bartlett, 

 Golden Beurre of Bilboa, 



Vicar of Winkfield, 



Fulton, 



Buffurn, 



Urbaniste, 



Beurre d'Aremberg. 



New varieties of Foreign or- 

 igin partially proved, and 

 which promise well: 



Doyenne Bossouch, 



Smith's Bordenave,» 



Figue, 



Paradise d'Automne, 



Beurre d'Anjou, 



Nouveau Poiteau, 



Beurre Langlier, 



Van Assene, 



Soldat Labouier, 



Triomphe de Jodoigne, 



Duchesse d'Orleans, 



Jalousie de Fontenay, 



Doyenne gris d'hiver — new. 



New American varieties of 



good promise: 

 Westcott, 

 Pratt, 

 Chancellor, 

 Sheldon, 

 Brandywine, 

 Onondaga, 

 Howell, 

 Ott, 

 Collins, 

 Kinsessing. 



PEACHES. 



For three sorts: 

 EarlyYork, (serrated foliage,) 

 Crawford's early, 

 Old Mixon Free. 



For six sorts, add: 

 Large Early York, 

 George Fourth, 

 Crawford's Late. 



For twelve sorts, add: 

 Grosse Mignonne, 

 Bergen's Yellow, 

 Druid Hill, 

 Late Admirable, 

 Yellow Rareripe, 

 Heath Free Stone. 



PLUMS. 



For three sorts: 

 Green Gage, 

 Jefferson, 

 McLaughlin. 



For six sorts, add: 

 River's Favorite, 

 Lawrence's Gage, 

 Purple Gage. 



For twelve sorts, add 

 Reine Claude de Bavay, 

 Bleeker's Gage, 

 Imperial Gage, 

 Smith's Orleans, 

 St. Martin Quelsche. 

 Yellow Gage. 



CHERRIES. 



For twelve sorts, add: 

 Elton, 

 Downton, 

 Late Duke, 

 Knight's Early Black, 

 Sweet Montmorency, 

 Sparhawk's Honey. 



APPLES. 



For three sorts: 

 Large Early Bough, 

 Gravenstien, 

 Baldwin. 



For six sorts, add: 

 Red Astrachan, 

 Porter, 

 R ode Island Greening. 



For tivp/itf sorts, add. 

 Early Harvest, 



Williams, 



Minister, 



Fameuse, 



Uubbardaton Nonsuch, 



Ro^bury Russet. 



For Winter Sweet Apples: 

 Seaver Sweet, 

 Danvers Winter Sweet, 

 Tolm an's Sweet, 

 Lyman Sweet. 



For three sorts: 

 May Duke, 

 Black Tartarian, 

 Downer's Late. 



For six sorts, add: 

 Belle d'Orleans, 

 Black Eagle, 

 White Bigarreau. 



Pears on the Quince Stock. — Much attention 

 has been given of late years to the cultivation of 

 the pear on the quince stock, and in relation to 

 which I have been requested to give the results of 

 my experience. As a general rule, no tree will 

 succeed for any great length of time where it is 

 grafted on any other than its own species. There 

 are, however, exceptions to this rule, and among 

 them, some varieties of the pear, which grow vig- 

 orously, bear abundantly, and which seem to be 



