NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



265 



the substance of her food goes to form milk. A 

 fatting ox may be fed five per cent, at first, four 

 and a half per cent, when half fat, and afterwards 

 four per cent. This is independent of other food. 

 A grown sheep will take three and a third per 

 cent, of its weight in hay, to keep in good store 

 condition. Animals in a growing state require 

 most food, and it is very poor economy to stint 

 them.— The Plow. 



A NEW FARM SCHOOL. 



If our o-ood old commonwealth does not plume 

 her wings a little, she will lose the glory of estab- 

 lishing the first Farm School within her borders. 

 We have recently learned that Dr. Charles Sied- 

 hof, a gentleman from Germany, and in 184G the 

 Principal of a boarding school for boys, at New- 

 ton Centre, has established a school for boys at 

 Lancaster, in this State. The farm contains 112 

 acres of wood, meadow, pasture and tillage land, 

 and buildings fitted for the convenience and com- 

 fort of the pupils, both as regards study and indoor 

 employments — including a large workshop, with 

 lathes and a great variety of tools. 



The course of instruction includes the English, 

 Latin and Greek languages, mathematics, physics, 

 chemistry, natural history and the German lan- 

 guage. ^ 



Also instruction in some mechanical operations, 

 such as turning in wood and metal, grinding op- 

 tical glasses, making philosophical instruments, 

 and the common mechanical work of the farm. 



Music is also taught on various instruments ; 

 drawing, painting and the French and Italian lan- 

 guages, are also taught. 



This school is located in the beautiful town of 

 Lancaster, in this State ; the town is healthy, be- 

 ing watered by the Nashua river, is pleasantly di- 

 versified by hills and sweeping vales, and contains 

 an intelligent and cultivated population. From 

 the references on Dr. Siedhof's card, we can en- 

 tertain no doubt of his fitness for the post he has 

 assumed, both as to character and qualifications. 



For the Nero England Farmer. 



BORERS. 



A SURE PREVENTION AGAINST THEIR INJURING TREES. 



Take a sheet of common brown paper and pass 

 it round the tree quite down to the ground ; this 

 must be done by the 15th or 20th of June, before 

 the egg is deposited ; draw up a little earth so the 

 insect cannot deposit the eggs below the paper, and 

 if the tree is rough, scrape off the rough bark. 

 No danger of injuring the tree, as in good time 

 the paper will drop off of itself. I have used this 

 prevention for years, and I have never known it to 

 fail to keep the borer from injuring the tree. One 

 foot width of paper is sufficient. 



Graf Ion, April 22, 1852. Joseph Leland. 



EpThat calm and elegant satisfaction which 

 the vulgar call melancholy, is the true and proper 

 delight of men of knowledge and virtue. 



For the New England Farmer. 

 ON PEARS. 



BY AN AMATEUR. 



Among the many excellent pears now fruited 

 and before the public, the Bartlett, by general con- 

 sent, seems to take the highest stand. There may 

 be a few others that surpass it in quality ; but 

 considering its many good points, its early and full 

 bearing, its large size and beautiful appearance, 

 together with the good price it brings in the mar- 

 ket, it is justly a favorite, not only with the lovers 

 of excellent fruit, but also with the cultivators. 

 Amidst the competition of other pears, in autumn, 

 the Bartlett readily brings in Boston, from 50 cents 

 to $2 per dozen. The little Seckel, (said to be 

 the best pear in the world,) surpasses it in rich- 

 ness and sweetness, the Belle Lucrative equals it, 

 and we think a well-ripened Flemish Beauty pos- 

 sesses a little more character. But, then, if we 

 except the last, they are not so large, and none of 

 them so handsome. Good on pear or quince. 



The Lovise Bon de Jersey is taking a high stand 

 in pear culture. It comes in directly after the 

 Bartlett, is large, handsome, and possesses a high 

 vinous flavor. When fully ripened it is of a rus- 

 sety yellow, with a slight blush and numerous 

 gray dots. Not being so well known as the Bart- 

 lett, it may fall a little short of it in price. It is 

 a hardy and vigorous grower on quince or pear 

 roots, and a good bearer. 



The Duchesse d' 'Angouleme is a noble foreign 

 pear, and frequently grows to an uncommon size. 

 The Mass. Horticultural Society have a specimen 

 in preservation that weighs 24 ounces ! This fruit 

 is so rare and choice, that but comparatively few 

 persons have tasted it in this country. Very diffi- 

 cult to ripen, even on the quince, and in New Eng- 

 land, supposed to be worthless on the pear stock. 

 The tree is a luxuriant grower, and good specimens 

 of the fruit are fine in quality. November and 

 December. 



The Flemish Beauty is one of the most promis- 

 ing of foreign pears. (See engraving N. E. F., 

 volume I., page 9.) Mr. C. M. Hovey says that 

 he thinks it will prove to be the true Beurre 

 Spence, which Dr. Van Mons thought was the best 

 pear he ever raised. Should a person not be so 

 fortunate as to get hold of one from any other 

 source, by watching the sale of choice fruit in the 

 market in autumn, he may be able to procure one 

 by paying five or sis cents ! The fruit is large, 

 turbinate, yellowish green, with some russet ; flesh 

 coarse, white, very rich and juicy. Having eaten 

 some good specimens last autumn, I was almost 

 tempted to call it a monstrous Seckel. I had 

 heard it much praised, but it surpassed my expec- 

 tations. This fruit is valuable over most foreign 

 varieties, as it promises to do tolerably well in the 

 orchard. Grows well on the pear or quince. 

 Should be picked early. Among the many pears 

 exhibited last fall at Salem, this pear outshone 

 all. 



Winter Nelis. — This is a pear of medium size, 

 said to be "A No. 1." It is sweet and juicy, and 

 in eating in the fall and winter. 



Ba/rre d'Ar ember g is in many respects like the 

 Winter Nelis, but rather more vinous in flavor. 

 They 1 oth deserve extensive cultivation. 



Glout Morceau is an excellent sweet winter 

 pear, and as the trees advance they ripen their 

 fruit well. It is rather above the medium size, 



