300 



NEW ENGLAND FARMEE. 



weights, but by quiet, unceasing application; and 

 so must the farmer act in haying time — the more 

 labor to be accomplished, the greater the necessi- 

 ty for system and carefulness. A sudden effort 

 and haste often disables a hand for the whole sea- 

 son. Drink sparingly of cold water when heat- 

 ed — drink slowly, a swallow at a time, taking the 

 glass away from the lips at each swallow. Retire 

 early, and rise early, and while you labor in the 

 cool of the morning, listen to the new voices 

 about you ; the bittern in the meadow, calling to 

 his faithful mate in notes not unlike the noise made 

 by pumping ; the lark, whistling on the topmost 

 twig of the old apple tree, and the numerous oth- 

 er voices peculiar to the fresh and delightful hour. 

 Man, only, perverts nature in transposing the or- 

 der of time for rest ; the birds and beasts retire 

 and rise early — 



"Night is the time for rest; 



How sweet, when labors close, 

 To gather round the aching breast 



The curtain of repose, — 

 Stretch the tired limbs, and lay the head 

 Upon one's own delightful bed !" 



Grass cut after the seeds are fairly formed is 

 much more nutritious than when cut sooner. — 

 Fields should be examined and a sound judgment 

 exercised in regard to the proper time of cutting. 



Grain. — This, too, will demand attention, and 

 is better for being cut before the seeds are thor- 

 oughly ripe. 



July is the commencement of the harvest of 

 the year. Everything is in full vigor and activity 



"The vegetable world is all alive; 



Green grows the gooseberry on its bush of thorn, 

 The infant bees now swarm around the hive, 



And the sweet bean perfumes the lap of morn; 

 Millions of embryos take the wing to fly, 

 The young inherit, and the old ones die." 



BONE DISORDER— SYMPTOMS— REME- 

 DY, &C. 



As the spring opens, many cows, and even young 

 cattle and oxen, are developing the unmistakable 

 effects of this widely prevalent disease. I am no 

 professed veterinarian, Mr. Editor, but as my 

 stock have suffered more or less from the disease, I 

 have been led to study and read some upon the 

 subject, and I will venture to make some remarks, 

 and give a few hints upon it. 



The foundation of the animal structure, the 

 bones, and the inward apparatus for the support 

 of that structure, by the purification of the blood, 

 the lungs, are, in their more important sense, com- 

 posed of phosphate of lime. Now this article is 

 supplied to the system, by means of food, and is 

 primarily drawn from the soil, by the process of 

 vegetation. As its base (lime) is a mineral, the 

 soil must contain this mineral, together with phos- 

 phoric acid, to feed the plant. In this section, 

 when our lands are new there is a good supply of 

 this in the soil, but after cropping extensively, the 

 ingredients are withdrawn, and it is not replaced 

 the soil is said to be exhausted, and the herbage 

 it produces will be mostly or completely destitute 

 of phosphate of lime, as the circumstances may 

 be. This is the condition of a great many of our 

 summer pastures. Hundreds of thousands of tons 



of bone_ earth , in the form of bones and muscles, 

 and milk, have been transported from our New 

 England towns, to the cities and to foreign coun- 

 tries, and nothing has been brought back, to re- 

 pay this constant draft. The recent important dis- 

 coveries, showing the cellular tissues of the lungs 

 to be in a large measure composed of phosphate 

 of lime, and the actual benefits that have resulted 

 in some cases from the application of this mineral 

 in a medicinal form, go to confirm my preconceived 

 opinions. If this mineral plays so important a 

 part in the animal economy, a deficiency of it in 

 the food must be attended with serious and often 

 fatal results. That such food is often so deficient, 

 chemical analysis has recently and frequently 

 shown. 



The first symptoms of the bone disease, so far 

 as I have noticed, discover themselves in a loss of 

 appetite, and a disposition to champ old bones, 

 gnaw boards, rotten wood, and especially bits of 

 old stable floors, on which horses have stood. — 

 They have usually had a healthy appearance about 

 the head and eyes, but shrink and fall away across 

 the loins, and in extreme cases, become so weak 

 in the back and spine as to wiggle in their poste- 

 rior parts whan they walk. When fed upon the 

 best of hay, they seem to have no desire to eat it, 

 but will often look at you earnestly for something 

 more, and sometimes poor and mouldy hay, or 

 straw, will be preferred to the sweetest hay, or to 

 meal or roots. 



In advanced stages of the disease, cows should 

 be dried and turned into new pastures. All 3*ock 

 which are diseased by it, will recruit the best up- 

 on new pastures, that is, those that contain the 

 elements, and produce "sweet feed," clover, herds 

 grass and red top. Cattle feeding upon such 

 grasses, will not champ hours upon old bones, or 

 rotten wood. They should not be bled or phys- 

 iced, they have not a particle of blood to lose. In 

 winter feed them with oat meal, rutabagas, clover, 

 &c. Potatoes and carrots are not so good, or In- 

 dian meal. If it can be procured, give a pint of 

 bone meal twice or thrice a week ; if they refuse it 

 in meal, turn it down in water, mix it with their 

 salt, and if they need it, they will soon learn to 

 eat it. Save your bones, and boil some time in 

 strong lye made of potash, or from the leach, or 

 boil them with ashes and water to soften them, 

 and in either case, throw them where they can 

 resort to them daily, and they will help themselves 

 to all they need. Do not fear that the lye or 

 bones will hurt them. — American News — Kecne, 

 N. H. 



THE WHITE NATIVE GRAPE. 



You ask for some information relative to a white 

 native grapo,"cultivated by me. I will give you, 

 as briefly as I can, the history of it. 



The banks of the Pawtuckaw (a small branch 

 of the Lamphrey river,) abound with wild grape ; 

 so that in the space of two miles you may meet 

 with twenty different kinds, all of which have 

 originated from seeds, and from one of which this 

 vine originated. The old vine appears to be sixty 

 or seventy years old ; it stands in a cold, rocky, 

 uncultivated spot, and climbs some large maples, 

 flourishing without cultivation. I have known it 

 for eighteen years, and never but what it has 

 borne some every year. The fruit is from one- 

 third to double the size of the Isabella with us ; 



