IDENTIFICATION OF CHERRY VARIETIES 5 



as in Giant, or narrow as in Gold ; while the apex may be full as in Lambert, narrow 

 as in Napoleon, or acuminate with a fairh long tip as in Ida (Figure 3). 



Amount and type of folding of the blade are valuable distinctive characters. 

 Some varieties are flat or nearly so as Giant, others are rather broadly folded 

 (saucer-fold) as Windsor, "U"-folded as Napoleon, "V"-folded as Seneca, or 

 almost rolled as Gov. Wood. The waviness of the margin is an important char- 

 acter. The margin ma}'^ be even or unwaved as in Windsor, finely waved as in 

 Black Tartarian, or coarsely waved as in Seneca (Figure 3). On the margin will 

 be found serrations or teeth of several types. They may be double crenate and 

 regular as in Giant, dull serr?te and rather fine as in Napoleon, coarsely serrate 

 and irregular as in Gov. Wood, or sharply serrate as in Gold (Figure 4). In gen- 

 eral, serrations are less valuable as an aid in identifying sweet cherries than they 

 are for recognizing apple varieties. 



On the upper surface of the leaf blade will be found three characters worthy 

 of note. Color may be influenced greatly by the conditions under which the 

 variety is growing; yet some varieties such as Lyons have dark green leaves, 

 while others such as Ida have light green ones. There is also a difference in the 

 amount of j'ellow evident in the leaf color. As compared with Lyons, Bing leaves 

 show less yellow giving them a dark clear green color. On the other hand, Ida and 

 Emperor Francis both have light green leaves, but the former shows materially 

 more yellow in its color than does the latter. The amount of light reflection from 

 the surface depends upon its nature. It may be glossy as in Bing, semi-glossy as 

 in Black Tartarian, or dull as in Napoleon (Figure 4). 



The texture of the upper surface of the leaf will vary with the vigor of the tree 

 and size and age of the leaf, but comparable leaves will show varietal dififerences 

 in texture. Napoleon has a fine texture; i. e., the areas between the net veins are 

 small, and the surface is quite smooth with the veins being little depressed. In 

 Schmidt the lateral veins, in addition to being somewhat depressed, are rather 

 numerous, parallel, uniform in prominence, and fairly straight. Hence, the term 

 "veiny" is applied to that variety. Windsor shows considerable puckering along 

 the midrib, and the cross veins are rather depressed giving a pebbled or bullate 

 surface. \\'ith some varieties such as Genesee the tissue between the lateral veins 

 is distinctly raised or puffed up, producing a rough or rugose surface. Occasionally 

 a variety w'll show rather sizable roundish sunken areas in the leaf tissue between 

 the lateral veins, spoken of as "pockmarks." Victor is an example of this charac- 

 ter in sweet cherries (Figure 5). 



The Petiole 



Petiole length and thickness are worth observing. Republican has a short 

 thick petiole. Gov. Wood a long thick one, and Gold a long slender one (Figure 6). 

 The nearest to a short slender petiole among sweet cherries probably is found in 

 Yellow Spanish. On an upright shoot the angle between the shoot and petiole 

 determines the position of the petiole. It may be only moderately wide as in 

 Black Tartarian and Napoleon or practically a right angle as in Rockport. Fur- 

 thermore, the petiole and midrib may be nearly straight as in Bing, or either one 

 or both may be reflexed. Sometim.es the reflexion comes at the base of the blade 

 as in Seneca, sometimes at the base and at the tip as in Rockport. 



The color of the petiole is a fairly valuable character. It varies from light 

 colored as m Napoleon, Ida, and Gil Peck to dark red as in Gov. Wood, Seneca, 

 and Rockport. The presence or absence and amount of pubescence on the petiole 

 are extremely valuable characters in identifying some varieties. Two varieties, 

 Bing and Republican, have glabrous petioles entirely without pubescence; many 

 others have a light to moderate amount of pubescence as Yellow Spanish and 



