BUS 



BUT 



49 



test weather is best for destroying 

 shrubs by cutting; because the sap 

 vessels of the stumps will continue 

 open the longer; there will be the 

 greater discharge of sap through 

 them, and the roots will be the 

 more weakened. 



Bushes which grow in clusters, 

 as alder, and some other sorts, may 

 be expeditiously pulled up by ox- 

 en ; and this is an eflfectual way to 

 subdue them. The expense of it 

 I suppose will not be more than 

 that of cutting them twice would 

 amount to. 



Elder is a kind of bush which 

 spreads fast in some soils, and has 

 been accounted harder to subdue 

 than almost any other. Mr. Eliot 

 says, " He knows by experience, 

 that mowing ihem five times in a 

 year will not kill them." This has 

 been proved by the experience of 

 other farmers. The roots of the 

 shrub oak will not be killed, but by 

 digging them out, or by pasturing 

 goats on them. 



The bushes in swamps are in 

 general more hard to conquer, than 

 those which grow upon upland. — 

 Flooding a swamp, where it is 

 practicable, or can be done with- 

 out too much cost, is perhaps the 

 most approved method which can 

 be taken. Flooding for two or 

 three summers will totally destroy 

 them, root and branch. 



But if a swamp cannot conveni- 

 ently be flooded, the next thing is, 

 to consider whether it cannot be 

 drained to advantage. Draining 

 will so alter the nature of the soil, 

 that the shrubs which it naturally 

 produced before, will not be any 

 longer nourished bv it. Therefore I 

 7 



they will mostly die without cut- 

 ting, or it may be expected that 

 one cutting will be sufficient. But 

 if draining were not serviceable on 

 any other account, perhaps it 

 would not answer to go to the ex- 

 pense of it merely for the sake of 

 clearing a swamp of the bushes. 



After all, extirpation, by digging 

 them out, and by fire, is cheapest 

 and most effectual. 



BUTTER, a fat unctuous sub- 

 stance, prepared from milk by 

 churning. If the dairy consist of 

 three or four cows, they should be 

 milked in the summer thrice a day ; 

 in the morning, at noon, and in the 

 evening. In winter, however, the 

 cows are to be milked only twice a 

 day. The dairy house should be 

 kept neat, should never front the 

 south, southeast or south-west. It 

 should be situated near a good 

 spring or current of water. The 

 proper receptacles for milk are 

 earthern or tin pans. In warm 

 weather milk should remain in 

 the pail till nearly cool before it 

 is strained, but in frosty weather it 

 should be strained immediately, and 

 a small quantity of boiling water 

 may be mixed with it, which will 

 cause it to produce cream in great 

 abundance, and the more so if the 

 pans or vats have a large surface. 



In hot weather the cream should 

 be skimmed from the milk at or 

 before sun-rise, before the dairy 

 gets warm, nor should the milk, in 

 hot weather, stand in its recepta- 

 cles longer than twenty-four hours. 

 In winter, milk may remain un- 

 skimmed thirly-six or forty-eight 

 hours. The cream should be de- 

 posited in a dcpp pan, kept during 



