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It is also further advised that 

 " when trees are become hollow, 

 to scoop out all the rotten, loose, 

 and dead parts of the trunk, to the 

 solid wood, leaving the surface 

 smooth : then to cover the hollow, ! 

 and every part where the canker ! 

 has been cut out, or branches top- 

 ped off, with the composition ; 

 and as the edges grow, to take 

 care not to let the new wood come 

 in contact with the dead, part of 

 which it may sometimes be ne- 

 cessary to leave : but to cut out 

 the old dead wood as the new ad- 

 vances, keeping a hollow between 

 them to allow the new wood room 

 to extend itself, and thereby till up 

 the cavity, which it will do in time, 

 so as to make it as it were a new 

 tree." 



And if the cavity be large, to 

 cut away as much at one operation 

 as will be sufficient for three years. 

 But in this to "be guided by the 

 size of the wound, and other cir- 

 cumstances. When the new wood, 

 advancing from both sides of the 

 wound, has almost met, to cut otY 

 the bark from both the edges, that 

 the solid wood may join, which, if 

 properly managed, it will do, leav- 

 ing only a slight seam on the bark. 

 If the tree be very much decayed, 

 do not cut away all the dead wood 

 at once, which would weaken the 

 tree too much, if a standard, and 

 endanger its being blown down by 

 the wind. It will therefore be ne- 

 cessary to leave part of the dead 

 wood at first, to strengthen the 

 tree, and to cut it out by degrees 

 as the new wood is formed. If 

 there be any canker or gum ooz- 

 ing, the infected parts must be par- 

 13 



ed off, or cut out with a proper 

 instrument. When the stem is 

 very much decayed, and hollow, it 

 will be necessary to open the 

 ground and examine the roots." 



COMPOSTS. " The utility of 

 composts has been proved by the 

 experience of numbers, in various 

 districts. The subject may be con- 

 sidered under the following heads : 

 1 . The materials used ; 2. The soils 

 or crops to which it should be ap- 

 plied ; and, 3. The effects produced. 

 "• 1. Materials. Unslacked lime, 

 and earth of different sorts, are 

 the substances commonly used. 

 Quick lime is the proper stimulus 

 for bringing the powers of a com- 

 post into action ; operating upon 

 a heap of earth in some degree as 

 yeast does upon a quantity of flour 

 or meal. Enough ought to be ap- 

 plied to excite a species of fer- 

 mentation in the heap, and to 

 neutralize any pernicious mineral 

 substances which may exist in it. 



" The formation and convey- 

 ance of compost being attended 

 with much expense, where cir- 

 cumstances will admit of it, hor- 

 ses, instead of manual labour, 

 ought to be employed in the pro- 

 cess of preparation, and the com- 

 post should be prepared in the 

 field to which it is afterwards to 

 be applied. 



" It has been ascertained by a 

 number of experiments, that two 

 bushels of unslacked lime are 

 sufficient for each cubic yard of 

 earih of a medium quality, and as 

 80 cubic yards of earth are suf- 

 ficient to manure an acre, 160 

 bushels of unslacked lime is the 

 quantity required. To obtain this 



