148 



FOA 



FOA 



the shops, when well mixed with 

 new flour, in the proportion of from 

 20 to 40 grains to a pound of flour 

 materially improves it for the pur- 

 pose of making bread. Loaves, 

 made with the addition of the car- 

 bonate of magnesia, rise well in the 

 oven ; and after being baked, the 

 bread is light and spungy, has a 

 good taste, and keeps well. In ca- 

 ses where the new flour is of an in- 

 different quality, from 20 to 30 

 grains of the carbonate of magne- 

 sia, to a pound of flour, will consid- 

 erably improve the bread. When 

 the flour is of the worst quality, 40 

 grains to a pound of flour is neces- 

 sary to produce the same effect. 

 As the improvement in the bread 

 from the new flour depends on the 

 carbonate of magnesia, it is neces- 

 sary that care should be taken to 

 mix it intimately with the flour 

 previous to making the dough. A 

 pound of carbonate of magnesia 

 would be suflicient to mix with 

 two hundred and fifty-six pounds 

 of new flour at the rate of 30 grains 

 to a pound. 



FOAL, a colt. " Foals are usu- 

 ally foaled about the beginning of 

 summer, and it is the custom to let 

 them run till Michaelmas with the 

 mare, at which time they are to be 

 weaned. When first weaned they 

 must be kept in a convenient 

 house, with a low rack and man- 

 ger for hay and oats ; the hay 

 must be very sweet and fine, espe 

 cially at first, and a little wheat 

 bran should be mixed with their 

 oats, in order to keep their bodies 

 open, and make them eat and drink 

 freely. When the winter is spent, 

 they should be turned into some 



dry ground, where the grass is 

 sweet and short, and where there 

 is good water, that they may drink 

 at pleasure. The winter after this, 

 they may be kept in the stable, 

 without any further care than that 

 which is taken of other horses : 

 But after the first year, the mare 

 foals and horse foals are not to be 

 kept together. There is no diffi- 

 culty to know the shape a foal is 

 like to be of ; for the same shape 

 he carries at a month, he will carry 

 at six years old, if he be not abused 

 in after keeping." 



We often hear it lamented, that 

 our breed of horses is so bad. But 

 I am convinced that, as our colts 

 are managed, if we had any other 

 breed, we should soon make it ap- 

 pear to be as mean as our own, if 

 not worse. The abusing of colts 

 in the first winter, is the principal 

 cause of their proving so bad. For 

 our farmers seldom allow their 

 weaned colts any food besides hay, 

 and that is not always of the best 

 kind. So that they seldom fail of 

 being stinted in their growth,in the 

 first winter, to such a degree, that 

 they never get the better of it. A 

 colt that is foaled late, should not 

 be weaned till February or March, 

 and should have oats during the 

 whole of the winter. In some 

 countries they allow a young colt 

 fifteen bushels. We need not 

 grudge to feed them with meal, 

 oats and bran, besides the best of 

 clover hay ; for they will pay for 

 it in their growth. After the first 

 winter, they will need no extraor- 

 dinary feeding till they are grown 

 up. Were the above directions 

 observed, we should soon see an 



