168 



GRA 



GRA 



not so large, and put into a trough 

 of water. Geese should be kept 

 in places where they can have 

 plenty of water, which will cause 

 their feathers to be of a better 

 quality, and they will be less sub- 

 ject to vermin. 



GRAFTING, or ENGRAFT- 

 ING, the taking a ^hoot from one 

 tree, and inserting it into another, 

 in such a manner, that both may 

 unite and become one tree. 



Nut trees, of the same species, 

 will take readily on each other ; 

 but those of difierent species will 

 take with difficulty, and never 

 make good trees. From curiosity, 

 apple scions may be put into peach ' 

 stocks, and the reverse, and pears 

 will grow on thorns, but they make 

 miserable trees. It is a well au- 

 thenticated fact, that peach buds 

 will take by inoculation on the wil- 

 low, but it is a monstrous and un- 

 natural union, and cannot serve any 

 other purpose than the gratifica- 

 tion of a philosophical curiosity. 



The methods of grafting are va- 

 rious. The first, which is termed 

 Rind or Shoulder grafting,is seldom 

 practised but on large trees, where 

 either the head or large branches 

 are cut off horizontally, and two or 

 more cions put in, according to the 

 size of the branch, or stem ; in do- 

 ing this the cions are cut flat on 

 one side, with a shoulder to rest 

 upon the crown of the stock; then 

 the rind of the stock must be rais- 

 ed up, to admit the cion between 

 the wood and the bark of the stock, 

 which must be inserted about two 

 inches, so as that the shoulder of 

 the cion may meet, and closely join 

 the crown of the stock : and after 



the number of cions is inserted,the 

 whole crown of the stock should 

 be well clayed over, leaving two 

 eyes of the cions unconnected 

 therewith, which will be sufficient 

 for shooting. 



The next method is termed Cleft 

 or Stock grafting ; this is practised 

 upon stocks or trees of a smaller 

 size, and may be used with success 

 where the rind of the stock is not 

 too thick, whereby the inner bark 

 of the cion will be prevented from 

 joining to that of the stock. This 

 may be performed on stocks, or 

 branches, that are more than one 

 inch in diameter : The head of the 

 stock, or branch, must be cut off, 

 with a slope, and a slit made the 

 contrary way, in the top of the 

 slope, deep enough to receive the 

 cion, which should be cut sloping 

 like a wedge, so as to fit the slit 

 made in the stock ; being careful 

 to leave that side of the wedge 

 which is to be placed outward 

 much thicker than the other. And 

 in putting the cion into the slit of 

 the stock, there must be great care 

 taken to join the rind of the cion to 

 that of the stock ; for if these do 

 not unite the grafts will not suc- 

 ceed. 



A third method which is termed 

 Whip, or Tongue-grafting, is per- 

 formed on small stocks by cutting 

 off the head of the stocks sloping; 

 then there must be a notch made 

 in the slope toward the upper 

 part downward, a little more than 

 half an mch deep, to receive the 

 cion, which must be cut with a 

 slope upwards, and a slit made in 

 the slope like a tongue, which 

 tongue must be inserted into the 



