210 



I M P 



IM P 



And as they are easily removed, 

 they are useful in England, in eat- 

 insj off a crop of turnips with sheep. 

 If th'ire should be need of prevent- 

 ing the climbing of boys over them, 

 the ends of the cross sticks may 

 rise a few inches above the upper 

 pole, and be made sharp at the 

 points. 



HURTS, and Bruises in the 

 withers. Horses are very often 

 hurt, or wrung in the withers, by 

 the biting of other horses, or by 

 untit saddles, especially when the 

 bows are too wide ; for by that 

 means they bruise the flesh against 

 the spines of the second and third 

 vertebrae of the back, which form 

 that prominence which rises above 

 their shoulders. When the swel- 

 ling is moderate, the usual method 

 is to wash the part with salt and 

 water, or to apply horse dung, or 

 salt and black soap mixed togeth- 

 er, which very often succeeds. — 

 Any restringent charge, as bole 

 and vinegar with whites of eggs, 

 has the same etfect; as also the 

 whites of eggs beat up into a foam 

 with a piece of alum. This is very 

 much commended. 



"Sometimes the hair is rubbed 

 otf, and the part becomes galled, 

 in which case nothing is preferable 

 to the rectified spirit of wine or 

 brandy, which ought to be used 

 often, covering the part with a flax- 

 en cloth dipped in bees-wax,and a 

 little oil melted together, to keep 

 the dirt from it and defend it from 



the 



Far, 



' Gibson's 



1. 



IMPROVEMENT. This is not 

 the mere use, and occupying of 



lands as the word is very impro- 

 perly used, but it implies such an 

 employment of them as shall con- 

 stantly render them profitable to 

 the occupant. If lands are so in- 

 ff rior in their natural qualities and 

 productiveness, as not to return to 

 the cultivator a reasonable profit 

 for his labour, rent, and interest, it 

 would be better to abandon them 

 either altogether, or to bestow 

 more labour and manure on a part 

 of them, leaving the residue for a 

 scanty pasture for their cattle and 

 sheep. Perhaps the greatest error 

 itito which our farmers too often 

 fall is the attempt to cultivate too 

 much land even when it is good — 

 but the error is still greater when 

 the lands are of inferior quality. — 

 The practice of cropping their 

 lands, till they will no longer yield 

 sufficient to pay the expense of 

 culture, is perhaps the source of 

 the poverty of many farmers. No- 

 thing can be more pernicious than 

 the custom of exhausting lands,and 

 then leaving them to recruit by 

 neglect, and permitting them to 

 bear such weeds, and exhausting 

 plants, as any soil, however impov- 

 erished, will furnish. The Euro- 

 pean mode of fallowing,which con- 

 sists of repeated turnings of the 

 soil, enriched by the weeds, which 

 spring up, spontaneously, upon the 

 ground so abandoned is perhaps 

 the most judicious course ; but it 

 is doubted, whether in a country 

 like our own, in which the lands of 

 first quality, are not yet exhausted, 

 and are more than competent to 

 supply all the wants of our own 

 population, and all that other na- 

 tions will take at a price, which 



