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as places of retreat. The conse- 

 quence is, either that they are de- 

 stroyed by rains, driven away by 

 winds and storms, or stiffened with 

 the dews of the coldest nights. 



Mr. Tull thought it best that the 

 seed should be buried at different 

 depths in the soil, and says,as they 

 will come up at different times, ei- 

 ther the first or the last will proba- 

 bly escape the fly. He according- 

 ly constructed his turnip drill in 

 such a manner as to burj the seed 

 at different depths. 



The same thing in effect may be 

 done in the broad cast way of sow- 

 ing. The ground may be harrow- 

 ed with a common harrow with iron 

 teeth ; then half the seed sowed, 

 and the ground smoothed with a 

 bush harrow and rolled ; then the 

 other half sowed, and bushed in, or 

 raked. After which the roller 

 should be again passed over the 

 surface. 



Some writers on this subject are 

 confident that the best method is, 

 to sow the seed very thick, equal 

 to double the usual quantity of 

 seed, that when the flies have eat: 

 en all they can, there may be a suf- 

 ficient number of plants remaining 

 to insure a good crop. Another 

 project is sowing a mixture of old 

 and new seed, as the latter is known 

 to come up sooner than the former, 

 one or other of which may happen 

 to escape. 



After the turnips are up, if the 

 flies appear in plenty, it is advisa- 

 ble to pass a smooth roller over 

 them. If the roller be drawn care- 

 fully by hand, or even by a horse, 

 turning the roller about on the head 

 lands only, the operation may be 



performed without hurting the tur- 

 nips ; and the flies will mostly be 

 crushed by the roller. This oper- 

 ation should be performed in a 

 dewy morning, when the flies are 

 so stiff that they cannot make their 

 escape. 



Or, instead of this, I am confident 

 that the sifting of soot over the tur- 

 nip ground in a dewy morning will 

 be effectual ; at the same time that 

 it will answer as a slight top dres- 

 sing, and increase the growth of the 

 plants. 



Some writers assert, that only 

 drawing a green bush of elder over 

 the young plants will save them 

 from the fly. I think it may have 

 some tendency towards it ; but I 

 have never made the experiment. 

 An infusion of elder, applied by 

 sprinkling, would probably have a 

 greater effect. But I should ex- 

 pect more from an infusion of to- 

 bacco. 



Some set plants of tobacco thinly 

 in their turnip ground, thinking that 

 the scent of them does something 

 towards repelling the fly. I have 

 no objection to this, excepting that 

 a much richer ground is requisite 

 for tobacco than for turnips, in our 

 climate. See Turnip. 



The red worm is another enemy 

 to the farmer. This insect is slen- 

 der, and usually about an inch long, 

 with a hard coat, and a pointed 

 head. It eats off wheat,barley and 

 oats, above the crown of the roots. 

 It perforates,or bores quite through 

 bulbous roots, turnips, potatoes,&:c. 

 My turnips, for several years,which 

 were sown in the spring, have been 

 thus almost ruined, though on a soil 

 that suited them. When a turnip 



