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three years, before the roots have 

 far extended. 



Severe pruiiings should generally 

 be avoided. The limbs that inter- 

 fere, and rub each other, must be 

 cut out ; but never shorten the 

 shoots, nor cut oif any of the bear- 

 ing spurs. Take off all decayed 

 and broken branches, close to the 

 stems from whence they are pro- 

 duced ; and cut away all suckers, 

 as soon as they appear, whether 

 from the roots, or any other parts. 



Mr. Forsyth recommends the 

 washing of trees annually, in the 

 monthof February or March, with 

 the following mixture, which, he 

 says, will destroy the eggs of in- 

 sects, and prevent moss from grow- 

 ing on the trunks and branches : 

 It will also help to nourish the 

 tree, keeping the bark fine and 

 healthy ; and will have the same 

 effect on it as a top-dressing has 

 upon grass land. 



Mix fresh cow dung with urine 

 and soap-suds, and, with this mix- 

 ture, wash over the stems and 

 branches of the trees, as a white- 

 washer would wash the ceiling or 

 walls of a room ; taking care to 

 cut off the cankered parts, and to 

 scrape off all the moss, before you 

 lay the mixture on. In the coarse 

 of the spring, or summer, you will 

 see a firm new bark coming on. 

 When the old bark is cankered, you 

 must pare it off with a drawing 

 knife, or such long knife as 1 have 

 made for the purpose. Soft-soap, 

 and lime and water have also been 

 recommended for washing fruit- 

 trees. See the article Fruit 



Trees, 



John Prince, Esq. of Jamaica 



Plains, Roxbury, gives an account of 

 a " small white-ringed worm, about 

 3-4ths of an inch long, with a dark- 

 coloured head," supposed to be 

 the same, which attacks the peach 

 trees at and just below the surface 

 of the ground. Worms of this 

 kind are got rid of " by digging 

 round the tree, and clearing away 

 the earth to the roots, and thea 

 with a sharp-pointed knife, a chisel 

 or a gouge, (and a small wire to 

 probe, if they are deep in the tree,) 

 they may easily be destroyed." 

 After taking out all that can be 

 found, the wounds should be co- 

 vered over with grafting clay, and 

 a large proportion of dry wood 

 ashes mixed, and the earth then 

 returned to the tree. 



The worms are discovered by 

 the " saw-dust borings, which 

 should be followed, and wholly ex- 

 tracted," Mr. Prince likewise 

 observes, " I have also lost seve- 

 ral mountain oaks and quince 

 trees, I believe, by the same de- 

 stroyer." — See Mass. Agr. Repos, 

 vol. V. p. 360. 



Orchards which are laid down 

 to grass last longest ; but it is ne- 

 cessary to keep the ground clear 

 of weeds and grass for some little 

 distance from the roots. They 

 may be pastured with calves and 

 swine, and sheep may be admitted, 

 provided the trees are smeared 

 with a coat of lime, or of Mr. 

 Forsyth's composition, mentioned 

 above; but large cattle which can 

 reach up to the limbs of the trees 

 should not be suffered to run in 

 an orchard. 



Judge Peters of Pennsylvania 

 asserts that young apple trees, 



