404 



SOI 



so 



in relation to the d( gree of gavinsf. 

 among European writer?, results 

 from the different ways, in which 

 the land, used for soiling is cultivat 

 ed. 



With regard to saving offevchtg, 

 Mr. Quincy observes (hat •■' the 

 general rffect of soiling cattle is to 

 render all interior fencing absolute 

 ly useless ; excepting those, wliii ji 

 surround the buildings, and lead 

 from these to the liighway. 



As respects economy of food, 

 Mr. Q'lincy states that •' There are 

 six ways by which beasts destroy 

 the article destined for their food." 

 1. By eating. 2. By walking. 3. 

 B\ dunging. 4. By staling. 5. 

 Py lying down. 6. By breathing 

 on it. Of these six t»;e first only 

 is useful. All the others are waste- 

 ful." 



'' In pastures, whatever is trod- 

 den upon or aifected by the dinig 

 of cattle, or their urine, is laid up- 

 on, or even long breathed upon is 

 lost. And this waste is always in 

 proportion to the richness and (he 

 productive power of (he pasture ; 

 for just in that proportion is the 

 quantities of food injured by all 

 the five modes of destruction above 

 stated. Whereas the same being 

 cut and delivered to them sparing- 

 ly in point of time, bu( sufficiently 

 in point of quantity, will every par 

 tide of it be consumed. Besides 

 it is found by experience, that, this 

 mode of feeding, beasts will cat 

 many products of the earth, in the 

 stall, which they will absolutely re- 

 ject in the pasture." 



fn speaking of" The belter con- 

 dition and greater comfort of the 

 icailk^''^ Mr. Quincy observes " The 



want of sufficient exercise, which is 

 inseparah'p from this rr-ode of feed- 

 ing in stalls, is a popular, and when 

 not tested by fa< t, is deemtd an ^ 

 unanswerable objection. Yet all 

 those who have made the experi- 

 ment, and whose opinions 1 have 

 seen expressed npoii the subj<'Ct 

 are unanimous in declarin<i[ that no 

 ill effect results from this circum- 

 stance. One writer asserts that he 

 has kept a large herd several vf^are 

 in this way. and during thf whole 

 time " he never had an animal es- 

 sentially pick, had never one die, 

 and never had one miscarry." 



It is to be observed that stall 

 feedins: of cattle, does not imply 

 keeping cattle in stalls, or in the 

 house the zoholc time. It only in- 

 tends always feedine; (hem (here, 

 and keeping them (here the chief 

 of the time. On the contrary it is 

 an essential p^tl of (he system to 

 let (hem loose in yards well shad- 

 ed artificially or by trees, at least 

 two hours in the forenoon, and as 

 manv in the afternoon. W hen cat- 

 (le are fed in (he stall, (hey are 

 wholly pro(ec(ed from eatinjz noxi- 

 ous vegetables ; from drinkirig bad 

 water ; from all injury from being 

 worried by dogs, or one another; 

 they are kept throneh the heat of 

 (he day in the shade protected from 

 flies. 



With respect to a greater pro- 

 duct of milk, it is s(a(ed bv Mr- 

 Quincy that during the flush of 

 feed, that is, for perhaps the first 

 mon(h after ca(tle are turned to 

 pasture, (here is little difference, so 

 far as respects (he product of milk 

 be(ween pasturing and stall ft-ed- 

 ing. At that time there is gener- 



