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farmfirs in this country have the 

 privilege of converting the whole 

 of theirs to manure. And perhaps 

 it may be as well to do so, on 

 whatever soil it is, as to turn it in 

 with the plough ; for it is not easy 

 to bury it completely by ploughing ; 

 and the part which is not covered 

 is of little or no advantage to the 

 ground. 



An English writer states, that 

 •' Mr. W. Curtis, of Lyrwi, Norfolk, 

 found very beneficial effects from 

 burning the stubble of oats, which 

 was left eighteen inches high for 

 that purpose. On a field broken 

 up from old pasture the same year, 

 he afterwards sowed wheat and 

 oats in succession on the same 

 ground the stubble of both which 

 was burned in the same manner. 

 The ashes were in every case 

 ploughed into a small depth, and 

 the verges of the field mowed to 

 prevent accidents. After the third 

 crop of corn, all of which were 

 abundant and remarkably free from 

 weeds, the field was laid down with 

 clover and grass seeds, and the en- 

 suing crops both of hay and grass 

 proved infinitely finer than those 

 before the ground was broken up. 



Another piece of land was crop- 

 ped for three successive years in 

 the same manner as the first, to 

 which it was similar in every re- 

 spect of soil, aspect and previous 

 management, but in which the stub- 

 ble was ploughed in, instead of be- 

 ing burned ; the produce of each 

 crop on it was much inferior to 

 that of the first experiment, and 

 the weeds increased so greatly, 

 that in laying it down to grass, they 

 <pute overpowered the grass seeds. 



so much so, that it was necessary 

 to re sow it; and ever alter, vvhile 

 Mr. Curtis held it, the grass and 

 hay produced were coarse and full 

 of weeds ; and consequently infe- 

 rior both in value and quantity to 

 those of the other field, on which 

 the stubl)le had been burned." 



In burning stubble, the danger 

 which is to be apprehended from 

 the spreading of the frames may, 

 perhaps, be obviated by tracing a 

 furrow round the field, and setting 

 fire to the stubble on the inner 

 edge of the furrow. 



STUMP, the part of a tree 

 which remains fast in the ground 

 after felling. 



Stumps are very troublesome for 

 some years after trees are removed, 

 unless they be taken out. But do- 

 ing this is commonly thought to be 

 too much labour, especially when 

 they are of any considerable big- 

 ness. 



Mr. Evelyn's engine for pulling 

 up large roots, may be thought 

 useful by those who are in haste to 

 have their land thoroughly cleared, 

 and do not grudge the expense of 

 doing it. See Complete Farmer, 

 under the article Stump. 



M, de Turbilly advises to the 

 blowing up stumps with gun pow- 

 der. But I think my countrymen 

 will hardly go into this method, un- 

 less it be in particular cases. 



Most of the stumps of hard wood 

 trees will be so decayed in their 

 roots in six or seven years, that 

 they may be easily taken away. 

 So will some of the soft woods. 

 But the stumps of white pine trees, 

 that are large, will last more than 

 half a century. However, whef^ 



