TRA 



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459 



adopt the practice of fall dressing 

 their grass lands, deserves weight. 



Sir Jo!in Sinclair recommends 

 top dressing the growing crop, 

 when it is suspected that the land 

 is not rich enough to bring a full 

 crop to perfection, and says, ' this 

 should be done early in the spring, 

 when the land is sufiicienti)' dry to 

 bear the treading of a horse with- 

 out poaching ; and after the ma- 

 nure has been applied, the land 

 should generally be harrowed or 

 rolled. Soot, ashes, and other 

 light manures, are thus most ad- 

 vantageously made use of.' 



TRANSPLANTING. Remov- 

 ing plants from their seed bed, and 

 setting them in other places, where 

 they will have better room to per- 

 fect their growth. 



Some vegetables indeed, need 

 to be transplanted twice, especial- 

 ly some kinds of trees, first from the 

 seed bed into the nursery, after- 

 wards from the nursery into orch- 

 ards, groves, forests, &lc. 



The fiist thing in the latter trans- 

 planting of trees is, to have the 

 ground prepared before the trees 

 are taken up, that so they may re- 

 main out of the earth as short a 

 time as possible; the next is, to 

 take up the trees. In doing this, 

 carefully dig away the earth round 

 the roots, so as to come at their 

 several parts to cut them ofT: For 

 if they are torn out of the ground 

 without care, the roots will be bro- 

 ken and bruised, to the great injury 

 of the trees. When you have ta- 

 ken them up, prepare them for 

 planting, by pruning the roots and 

 heads. All the small fibres are to 

 be cut off, as near to the place from 



whence they are produced as may 

 be, excepting perhaps when they 

 are to be replanted immediately 

 after they are taken up. But it 

 will require great care to plant 

 them in such a manner as not to 

 distort, or entangle the fibrous 

 roots, which, if done, will be worse 

 for the plant than if they were cut 

 off. Then prune off all the bruised 

 or broken roots, all such as are ir- 

 regular, and cross each other, and 

 all downright roots, especially in 

 fruit trees. Shorten the lateral 

 roots in proportion to the age, 

 the strength, and nature of the 

 trees ; observing that the walnut, 

 mulberry, and some other ten- 

 der rooted kinds, should not be 

 pruned so close as the more hardy 

 sorts of fruit and forest trees. In 

 young fruit trees, such as pears, ap- 

 ples, plums, peaches, &c. that are 

 one year old from the time of their 

 budding or grafting, the roots may 

 be left only about eight or nine in- 

 ches long : But in older trees, they 

 must be left of a much greater 

 length. But this is only to be un- 

 derstood of the larger roots. 



" The next thing is the pruning 

 of their heads, which must be dif- 

 ferently performed in different 

 trees ; and the design of the trees 

 must be considered ; Thus, if they 

 are designed for walls or espaliers, 

 it is best to plant them with the 

 greatest part of the heads, which 

 should remain on till they begin to 

 shoot in the spring, when they 

 must be cut down to five or six 

 eyes, at the same time taking care 

 not to disturb the roots. But if the 

 trees are designed for standards, 

 you should prune oflf all the small 



