YOA 



YO A 



527 



" It, will be proper, on his reco- 

 very, to give him two or three 

 mild purges, and, if a full fat horse, 

 to put in a rowel." — Bartlet''s Far- 

 riery. 



YEOMAN, the addition of the 

 first or highest degree among the 

 plebeians of England. The yeo- 

 men are properly freeholders, who 

 cultivate their own lands. 



YEST, or YEAST, or BARM, 

 a head or sciim rising upon beer, 

 or ale, while it is working or fer- 

 menting in the vat. 



It is used as a leaven or ferment 

 by the bakers, serving to swell or 

 puff up their dough, which renders 

 the bread lighter, softer, and more 

 wholesome, as well as more pala- 

 table. But when there is too much 

 yest in bread, it gives it a bad 



YEW TREE, the name of a 

 tree, well known and common in 

 England. Mr. Miller says, it grows 

 naturally also in North America. 



Yew trees may be easily propa- 

 gated by sowing the seeds in beds, 

 and removing the young plants into 

 nurseries, as many other trees are 

 managed. It is an evergreen, 

 and a tonsile tree, that may be ea- 

 sily cut and pruned into any form 

 that is desired. The trees grow 

 slowly, but sometimes come to be 

 large trees ; and their timber is 

 highly valued for various uses. 



YOAK, or YOKE, a wooden 



instrument, with which oxen are 

 coupled together by their necks, 

 and by which they draw. 



The parts of a yoke are the cross 

 tree, which should be made of 

 white maple, the bows, and the 

 staple and ring. 



The cross tree should be of a 

 crooked form, that the oxen may 

 draw partly by the bows ; for if it 

 were straight the bows would not 

 press their shoulders at all. 



If one of the oxen be stronger 

 than the other, as it commonly 

 happens, the staple should not be 

 inserted in the centre, but a little 

 nearer to the bow of the stronger 

 ox. 



Short yokes are best for the ease 

 of drawing : But if the oxen learn 

 to crowd, or to draw from each 

 other, they should be put to work 

 in a long yoke till they are cured 

 of such ill habits. 



The bows should be made of the 

 toughest of wood, and that which 

 is very strong and stiff when sea- 

 soned, such as hickory or white 

 oak, and be well fitted to their 

 necks. And a bow should be large, 

 about an inch and a half in diame- 

 ter for large oxen, not only for 

 strength, but because it will be ea- 

 sier to the ox. 



The principal use of the ring is, 

 to receive the end of the tongue of 

 a cart or sled. This gives the oxen 

 command of the carriage. 



THE END. 



