32 



^[)t iTarmcr'g illontt)!]) faigitor. 



Fanning in the river counties of N. York,&c. 



Tl)e advantages of new tacililies for iranspoit 

 will he realized wherever iin|)roveineii:s shall he 

 made. In the State of New York, from the city 

 of New York to ButJalo, tiiose advantages have 

 been felt, fir^t in the introduction ol steanM)oats 

 on the North river, and afterwards m "'e l^raiid 

 Canals from Alhany to Bnftalo and irom Albany 

 to Lake Champlain. Between New York and 

 Albany in the river comities the price ot im- 

 proved lands to the farmer has been raised from 

 60 to 100 dollars the acre. It is now a very com- 

 mon event in the county of Dutchess to find 

 farms of one hundred acres selling for ten thou- 

 sand dollars. Why is this? It is because the 

 farmer on this land, from his facilities to a mar- 

 ket, although at the distance of more than one 

 hundred miles from the city, is able to sell tor 

 ready money his whole surplus produce— it is 

 because he makes on these himdred acres his 

 1000 and 1500 dollars in a yeartrom the improv- 

 ed cultivation to which the ready market tempts 

 him ; while the poorer farmer who has "ot ac- 

 cess to the market, who is obliged to spend halt 

 the value of his produce in transporting it, iiei- 

 forms a harder labor without gain or encoui-age- 

 inent. The farmers of the river counties ot New 

 Y'ork take their produce in the afternoon or eve- 

 niu''. ten, fifteen or twenty miles or less as the 

 case may be, to Poughkeepsie, or Hudson, or 

 Catskill,"orNewburgh: that evening it is on the 

 steam-boat which regularly plies up and down 

 the river, and the next morning it is fresh in the 

 market of New York as the same kind of prod- 

 uce raised in the immediate neighborhood By 

 means of the facilities of transport wealth has 

 poured by thousands into the pockets ot the 

 farmers of New York. And we now find the 

 farmers over and bevond the CatskiU mountains, 

 who ha.l been far, very far removed troni a mar- 

 ket, supplying the people of the crowded city of 

 New York with fresh milk daily at the prices of 

 five and six cents per quart by means ot the rail- 

 road to the river and steam-boats upon the river . 

 In a late journey the editor of the Visitor met 

 a farmer of' Orange county, New York, returning 

 from a visit to a friend who had emigiated trom 

 Ins neighborhood to Virginia. Four years ago, 



that frien,], Mr. E G purchased one 



thousand acres of land, near Fredericksburgh, 

 Va. sixteen miles from the steam-boat lanihiig on 

 the Potomac. Two hundred acres ot this land 

 was wood and timher-the remainder cleared, 

 worn out and producing little at the time ot ].m-- 

 chase. By iVtquent ploughing and summer tal- 

 lows and principally by the use ot hme- burnt 

 ovster-shell lime the best)-he is already able to 

 keep eicrhtv head of horned cattle, and raised 

 last year eighty tons of hay. He sowed one 

 hundred bushels of winter wheat last tall, and 

 raised one thousand bushels of oats last season. 

 He does his work with white laborers. Besides 

 getting his pay as he goes along, in ten years, it 

 he proceeds regidarly, he may raise the value ot 

 his farm from six to sixty dollars tlie acre. 



The New York farmer who gave us the above 

 information, went to Virginia partly to look out 

 a farm for a son, who, he thought, had hetter be 



a farmer than a merchant: .Mr. 1.- VV is 



a Yankee, a native of Canaan, ConneclM-ni, and 

 went from that Slate sixteen years ago, and set- 

 tled in the VValkill valley, town ..1 MoiUgmnery, 

 county of Orange, in the Slate ot New y-'k.-- 

 His present turm consists ot llnee luunhvd ^cies, 

 and besides his own hruids and those ..I us .~ons, 

 he hires laborers at the rate of u-i._ aiul iwelve 

 dollars a month each. Upon this larm he <-ux^ 

 80 to 100 tons of hay in a .season, ami Iseeps ^o 

 cows and 4.5 head of horned callle. Hi-"' •.'''> 

 Ti-ound is principally natiu-al mowing, Jieldnig 

 one to one and a half tons to the acre. He uses 

 plaster ui.ou his land and all the manure he can 

 make His course is first to break up land Irom 

 the clover sod and i.lant corn— next season sow 

 oats: after the oat crop is ofl; put onthe n.anure 

 and sow winter wheat. The ground is then laid 

 down to clover. His product of wheat with ma- 

 nure is 20 to 95 bushels to the acre— without ma- 

 nure, 15 to 20 bushels. He gets 30 to 50 and some- 

 limes 60 bushels corn without manure. He lioes 

 bis corn only once, hut passes over it three tunes 

 with the plough or cultivator. His cultivated 

 land is almost entirely free from stone: there is 

 no lime-rock in this vicinity— but there is a por- 

 tion of lime in the soil. His usual product is 



800 to 1000 bushels oats— 300 to 500 wheat and 

 iye_600 corn on 20 acres. He purchased this 

 farm sixteen years ago, when it produced scarce- 

 ly enough to pay for the labor. His land would 

 now sell from 20 to 60 dollars the acre, accord- 

 ing to the improvements made upon it. His 

 usual cash sales amount to $1500 a year, besides 

 the articles raised tor the sustenance of a large 

 family with the hired help. He says the cider 

 and whiskey mills in his neighborhood have gone 

 to decay— orchards, but for the cultivation of 

 fruit, are not much attended to. The tanners 

 generally do their work without the use of ardent 

 spirits. 



Mr. W. mentioned a neighbor of his who, on 

 a farm of 500 acres, sold 3300 bushels of grain 

 raised the last vear. Several of the farmers upon 

 the Walkill rai'se their hundred wagon loads of 

 corn in the ear. This country is beautifully lev- 

 el ; and has much advanced from the improved 

 cultivation. The buildings generally are in fine 

 order: new painted houses, within the last thirty 

 years, on all the well cultivated farms, lake the 

 place of the old dwellings. 



One farmer of that neighborhood lived from 

 hand to mouth for several years, |)lanting about 

 thirty acres in a year with little manure, and la- 

 boring hard to procure little. He reduced his 

 quantity of cultivation from 30 to 10 acres ; and 

 from that day he has been growing rich, raising 

 more produce on the ten than he did tiom the 

 thirty acres. All his farm, as far as it is cultiva- 

 ted, has increased in value tour-fold. He counts 

 that he had been sleeping away the sixteen years 

 of his life in which his farm was not improved, 

 but grew less and less productive. 



Another neighbor (Mr. W. intormed us) has a 

 small improved tlirm of 112 acres, which he has 

 carefully husbanded, and w hich he now rents an- 

 nually for 450 dollars, or about ih dollars an acre. 



Chicltens, per lb. 



Turtieys, 



Potatoes per bushel 



Beans, wtiite, per bushiol 



Baldwin apples per barrel 



Russets 



Hides, Buenos Ayres, dry 



Wool, American halt' blood 



" Pulled, superfine 

 Hay, country, per hundred 

 Straw, 



Herdsgrass, per bushel 

 Clover, northern 



" southern 

 Leather, Philadelphia, best 

 Boston, dry hide 

 Lime, Thomaston per cask 



L'Etang, white 

 Hops, tirst sort 



10 

 10 

 33 



1,50 



2,00 



1,75 

 ll.i 

 28 

 2G 

 75 

 40 



2,50 

 10 

 9 

 25 

 15 

 55 



a 14 

 a 12 

 a 42 

 a 2,25 

 a 2,25 

 a 2,00 

 a I2i 

 a 30 

 a 30 

 a 80 

 a 46 

 a 3,00 

 a II 

 a 10 

 a 27 

 a 17 

 a 60 

 1,00 

 a 9A 



CATTLE AND MEAT. 



BRIGHTON, h'EB. 27. At market, 440 Beef Cattle, 

 750 Sheep, and IflO Swine. 40 Beet' Cattle unsold. 



Prices — Betf Cattle — We quote to correspond with 

 last week ; about the same prices were obtained for a 

 like quality, viz : A few extra at $5. First quality, g4 50 

 a 4 75; second quality, g400a4 25; third quality g3 SO 

 a 4 00. 



Coics and Calves. — Very few sales. 



Sheep. — Sales were made from 2 50 to §475. 



Swine. — JNo lots were sold to peddle. A few were re- 

 tailed from 44 to 54c, and a few small shoats at Or. 



NEW YORK, Feb. 27. At market, 950 Beef Cattle, 

 100 Cows and Calves, and 600 Sheep. 250 Beef Cattle 

 unsold. 



PRUHs—Beef Cattle— The 6.ales ranged from g4 00 

 to 6 50, with occasional sales extra at 6 75, average, 6 50. 



Cows and Calves— 90 sold at gl8 a g'lS, to g30. 



Sheep and Lambs— 500 taken, at J? 1 25 a §200, to 3 50 

 a 4 50. 



Acknowledgments.— Mr. B. F. Neal, and 

 our Friend Stevens at the Shaker Mills, will ac- 

 cept our thanks for the very acceptable specimen 

 of about one tburth of a hundred flour from the 

 premium wheat raised on the Loudon hills. 



Hon. H. L. Ellsworth, Commissioner of Pen- 

 sions, has sent us a specimen of " White Blue 

 Stem Wheat," being the fullest, largest and fairest 

 specimen of winter wheat we have ever seeu. 

 Any gentlemen who has the right kind of land 

 to try the raising of winter wheat shall be wel- 

 come to the sample, provided in the due course 

 of time he will communicate the result of his 

 experiment to the public. 



If Husbandrv is made respectable, as it ought 

 to be, it will .serve to check one of the greatest 

 evils that bear now heavily upon the community 

 —the rush of our young men into the learned 

 professions, which are already filled to overflow- 

 ing; especially that of the Law, which, under 

 the present wretched course of legislation, ot 

 making litigation cheap, is starving this once 

 honorable and most useful profession. 



BROKEN BANKS IN NEW ENGLAND 



Lafayette, South Boston 

 Middlesex, Cambridge, Ms. 

 JNahant Bank, Lynn, Ms. 

 Norfolk, at Koxbury, Ms. 

 Nevvburyport, at Newbury- 



port, Ms. 

 Oidtown. atOrono, Me. 

 Passamaquoddy,CastportMe 

 Roxbury, Ms. 



Stillwater Canal, Orono,Me. 

 Wiscasset, Me. 

 Washington Co. Calais, Me. 

 WHOSE 



BurriUville, R. 1. 

 Commonwealth, Boston. 

 Chelsea Bank, Chelsea, Ms 

 Castine, .Me. 

 Derby, Conn. 

 Eagle, New Haven, Conn. 

 Fulton, at Boston, Ms. 

 Franklin, at South Boston. 

 Farmers', Belchertown, Ms 

 Frankfort, at Frankfort, Me. 

 Globe, at Bangor, Me. 

 Kennebec, Me. 

 LIST OF B.^NICS IN NF.W ENGL.AiND 

 CHARTERS H.WE EXPIRED 



Bath Bank, Me. 



Bangor Bank, Me. 



*Bank of Montpelier, Mont- 

 pelier, Vt. 



Concord, (Sparhawk cash- 

 ier,) N. H. 



'Cumberiand (old) Bank. 

 Portland, Me. 



Damariscotta Bank, Daraa- 

 riscotta. Me. 



Farmers and Mechanics', 

 Pawtucket, R. I 



The Massachusetts Courier says that Mr. Oli- 

 ver Warner, of Hadley, harvested the past sea 

 son, from 18 acres, peat meadow land, 2161 

 bushels of corn, (24 barrels to the acre 



THE MARKETS^ 



Hampshire Bank, Northamp- 

 ton. Ms. 



Kennebunk Bank, at Arun- 

 del, Me. 



'Mendon Bank 



Newburyport Bank, old 



Phcenix Bank, Nantucket 



Sutton Bank, Wilkinson- 

 ville, Ms. 



Saco Bank 



**Waterville Bank ■ 



Winthrop Bank, Me. 



* The bills of these banks are still received. 

 BILLS NOT RECEIVED AT THE SUFFOLK BANK 



MAINE. 

 Agricultural Bank, Brewer 80 a 90 perct.dis 



Bangor Commercial Bank, 5 a 6 " 



Calais Bank, at Calais, 10 a 12 " 



City Bank, Portland, 12 a 15 " 



Citizens' Bank, Augusta, new emission worthless. 



BOSTON MARKET.— March 3. 



FLOUR AND GRAIN —ri-ouu— The speculative 

 movements in New York produced quite an excitement 

 amono the dealers here, causing prices to go up -b a Jl 

 cents per lb. There are no good brands ot Genesee ob- 

 t.iinable for less than 4 75; most holders ask 4b7i,ana 

 lor tancy go. 



GRAtlN. — There have been no arrivals ot any import- 

 ance during the past week, and prices, in consequence 

 are fullv supported for prime qualities mealing Corn.— 

 Salesfr'omstores, of yellow flat, at 53 a 51c, and white 

 ftic per bushel. The sales of Oats have been at improved 

 prices; 1000 bushels North River, received per rail road, 

 sold, at the depot, at o2c ; good Southern, 30 a 31c ; Kye, 

 dull at 58 a 60c, last salrs Southern 55c. 



RETAIL PRICES aFqUINCY^ ARKET. 



n ...^„ I iu 15 a lb 



Butter, lump, per lb. 



tub 

 Cheese, new milk per lb 



" four meal 

 Eggs, per dozen. 

 Beef fresh per lb. 



■* salted 

 Tallow, beef per lb. 

 Pork, whole hogs, 



15 

 10 

 6 

 4 

 14 

 5 

 4 



16 

 18 



9 



6 

 17 

 12J 



8 



9 



Damariscotta Bank, 

 Frankfort Bank, at Frankfort. 

 Georgia Lumber Co. at Portland, 

 Globe Bank, Bangor, worthless 

 Lafayette Bank, at Bangor, 

 Mercantile Bank, Bangor, ^ ^ ^ 



Oxford Bank, at Fryeburg, fraud. 

 Oidtown, at Orono, worthless. 



People's Bank at Bangor, closed. 

 Penobscot Bank, at Bangor, no such bank. 

 Stillwater Canal, at Orono, worthl. — a — 

 St. Croix, at Calais, 12 a 15 



Washington County, at Calais, worthless. 

 Westbrook, at Westbrook, Me. 3 a 5 



NEW H.\MPSHIRE. 

 Concord Bank, 2 a 3 



Wolfeboroush Bank, worthless. — a — 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

 Commonwealth Bank. Boston, 60 a 70 



Chelsea, 80 a 90 



Farmers' and Mechanics', Adams. 



South Village, new worthless. — a — 

 Fulton Bank, Boston, worthless 

 Middling Interest, at Boston, 

 Middlesex, at Cambridge, 

 Newburyport, at Ncwburyport, 

 Norfolk,' at Roxbury, 

 Nahant, 

 Roxbury, no sale. 



RHODE ISL.\ND 

 Scituate Bank, 



VERMONT. ^ 

 Bennington, Vt. no sale. 70 a 



Essex, at Guildhall, worthless. — a — 



CONNECTICUT. 

 Housatonic Rail Road Co. * a 40 



worthless. 



- per ct. dis. 



50 a CO 



3 a 



75 a 86 



redeemed 



a SO 



— a 50 



