34 



<3;i)e Jcivmcr's iUcinti)li) iHsitor. 



facturing interests, lias been such that the tniser- 

 ies of poverty liave invuiled the tire-sides of so 

 many of our respectable fellow-citizens ; the ef- 

 fects produced by this policy is deplorable in the 

 extreme. Property, of all kinds, is depreciated 

 beyond example: "a ieellng of gloomy despon- 

 dence is beginning' to prevail every where. Es- 

 tates are sacrificed to pay for that which we ought 

 to have manufactured for ourselves. The policy 

 we have pursued as a State, offers a continual 

 encouragement to the manufactures of our sister 

 States, if not to foreign coimtries; at the same 

 time our own manufactures perish in the strug- 

 gle which they are as yet unable to maintain. 

 The pursuing a policy which creates the neces- 

 sity of depositing a large proportion of our sur- 

 plus capital in the banks of our conmiercial 

 cities, instead of employing the same in causing 

 a greater dislribnlion of labor at home, tends di- 

 rectly to oblige the producer of the raw material 

 to exchange abroad for the manufactured ar- 

 ticle. The capital being deposited in the com- 

 mercial or manufacturing districts, causes the 

 raw materials to follow the ca|)ilal ; the sinpliis 

 labor will, of course, follow the capital and ma- 

 terials. Therefore, we farmers, without the ar- 

 tizan, mechanic, or manufacturer, are the farmers 

 without tools. 



STATE OF VERMONT. 

 Manvfaduring Statistics as returned hy the Mar- 

 shal, A. D. 1810. 

 Carding machines 139, carding 798,500 pounds 



of wool at 6 cents per pound §47,910 



Fulling mills 16(3, fulling 94a,!«30 yds. 



of cloth at 25 cents per yard 235,740 



AVoolen cloth 1,207,976 yards at 75 



cents per yard " 905,982 



Linen cloth 1,859,931 yards at 35 cts. 



per yard (>50,975 



Cotton cloth 131,326 yards at 30 cts. 



[)er yard .39,397 



Mixed cloth 191,426 yards at 38 cts. 



per yard 73,741 



Looms 14,801, weaving on an average 



two hundred and forty yards each, 



3,552,240 yards at 8 cents per yard 284,179 

 Spinning wheels 67,756, spinning on 



an average 70 skeins each, 4,742,- 



920 skeins at 4 cents per skein 189,716 



Spinning jennies 23, spinning with 



804 spindles, averaging 70 skeins 



each, 56,280 skeins at 3 cents per 



skein 1,688 



Number yards, 216,734 12,909 



130,873 



$2,428,328 

 Sheep, 450,000. 

 The population of this State, in 1810, was 

 217,713. You will observe that household man- 

 ufactiu'ed woolen cloth was eqfial to about 6 

 yards to every person in the State. As to cloth 

 of every description, as above, being of house- 

 liold manufacture, it would give to eacii person 

 more than fifleen yards. You will naturally in- 

 quire who made all this cloth? who wove the 

 3,552,240 yards as reported above? It appears 

 from the census of 1810, that the whole number 

 of females, more than fifteen years of age, in this 

 Slate, was 53,4.30 ; therefore they averaged more 

 than sixty-six yards each, and more than (ifleen 

 yards to each of the then inhaliitants of this 

 State. The value of household manufactures is 

 equal to about $11 to each person in the State in 

 1810. I copy, from the census of 1810, the sta- 

 tistics of Caledonia county. 



Household Manufactures. 

 Linen Clnth. Cotton. Woollen Cloth. 



The popidalion of the aforesaid towns, com- 

 prising Caledonia comity, in 1810, was 18,740. 

 Number of sheep 34,567; woollen cloth manu- 

 factured averaged more than seven yards to each 

 person. All kinds of cloth of household manu- 

 facture averages more than 19 yards to each in- 

 habitant. The whole quantity manufactured in 

 this county in 1800, was 360,516 yards. The 

 number of fijmales over fifteen years of age was 

 4,485. Therefore tliey manufactured more than 

 80 yards of cloth each. There were 1,419 looms ; 

 the average quantity of cloth wove was more than 

 254 yards. 



The estimate value of household manufactures 

 for each female over fifteen years of age, in 1810, 

 is more than forty dollars. 



By the census of 1840, the estimated value of 

 household manufactures of this State is only 

 $674,.584. By the census there were 88,907 fe- 

 males more than fifteen years of age. The 

 value of household manufiictures, including the 

 material, average" a little more than $7 50 each. 

 More than .§33 00 less, on an average, than in 

 1810. 



If it is a fiict that nine pound.s of wool is 

 necessary for each individual in this State, an- 

 nually, for all purposes for which wool is used, 

 2,617,532 pounds are required. Il'this quantity of 

 wool is annually sold to the manufactiu'ers of 

 the sea-board, what are we to pay ihem for col- 

 lecting, bagging, freighting, sorting, cleansing, 

 manufacturing, conmiission merchants' and re- 

 tail merchants' profits, and deliver each family 

 a necessary supply? I flatter myself that no 

 person would be willing to take the job for less 

 than sixty cents per pound, which would amount 

 to §1,560.519 20. As you are a financier, please 

 inform me how we are to pay this smii annually. 

 Shall we turn off one to ten of our cattle, 

 (having 384,000,) say 38,400 head of cattle, at 

 $iO each §768,000 



40.000 fat hogs at $8 each 82,000 



100,000 fat sheep at .f 1 .50 1.50,000 



Butter and cheese for the balance 322,519 20 ? 

 This, sir, is paying for that which we ought to 

 do for ourselves, not for one year but every year. 

 Vermont produces more than 3,700,000 pounds 

 of wool per annum. The present bank capital 

 of this State, which is reported as being [laid in, 

 anioiuits to .■i9()7,000 ; this sum will but little 

 more than pay the girls three cents per skein for 

 spinning it into six skein yarn, and eight cents 

 per yard for weaving the same. Admitting that 

 there is machinery now in the Slate sufficient to 

 manufacture oiu" own wool, the present bank 

 capital )iaid in would not be sufficient to pay for 

 manufacHiring one year's stock. The present 

 bank c.jpital of this Stale, bears no greater pra- 

 poriion to the actual resources of the State, than 

 the teamster's can or horn of oil which be has 

 f"astene<l to his axletrce, for the purpose of oiling 

 his wheels, occasionally, bears to the value of' 

 his load. The oil helps to ease, to facilit.ite; so 

 it would be with the bank capital if it was em- 

 ployed in creating a greater distribution of labor 

 in the State, and by that iiieans convert our wool 

 into a manuljictured article; The teamster would 

 be called a tool to leave his can or horn of oil in 

 Boston, or New York, to be used hy the team- 

 sters in the vicinity of" those cities, and he drive 

 to and from market, his wheels at every turn 

 crying tnurder, murder. Probably fourth-tilths of 

 the bank discounts in this State are employed in 

 introducing the mannfactnres of oursister State.=, 

 or foreign countries, into this State, or in pur- 

 poses of s|)ecnlation. In eillier case the em- 

 ployment of hank capital, for such purposes, 

 tends to cause the tools of the mechanic and the 

 machinery of the maiuillicturor, to lay idle, and 

 the agriculturist to cry hard times. Under our 

 present circumstances, the great question to be 

 decided, is, what is to be done? — what is best? I 

 am aware of the danger of making suggestions 

 ill the face and eyes of the pride and iiishion of 

 the day. Our young men, from the grog-shop to 

 the bar, the bench and the desk, have but one 

 uniform appearance — clad other than in the inan- 

 iifacture of the State. I know of but one source 



to apply to for aid : Franklin said, " that if a man 

 expected to thrive, he must ask his wilti." If we 

 expect to prosper as a State, we must ask our 

 wives and daughters to lend us a helping hand. 

 There is no alternative left but to petition our 

 wives and daughter.s. They are possessed of 

 practical patriot t.-sm enough. They have their 

 mothers' wheels and looms. They are not to be 

 told that they are not as " wise-hearted" as their 

 mothers. They are not to be told more than 

 once that '-the virtuous woman seeketh wool." 

 When this portion of our population takes the 

 subject into their hands, it will be said that the 

 woman who manufactures for her own house- 

 hold, and one piece of goods to sell, doth more 

 to retain the solid coin in the State than all the 

 hanks or the greatest financier. 

 Yours, &c. 



HENRY STEVENS. 



IiNSTi.NcT OF Animals. — Tlie following story — 

 no doubt true ! — we find in the New York Com- 

 mercial : — 



" We have read a good story somewhere lately 

 of which a dog was the hero — or rather two dogs 

 were the heroes. One was a little dog— a very 

 little dog indeed — and in the streets of Boulogne, 

 where his English master was residing, on econ- 

 omical considerations, this little dog was shame- 

 fully put upon and maltreated by a cowardly 

 French cur, that was big enough to eat him at a 

 meal. Thereupon the little dog scampered down 

 to the quay, jumps on board a steam packet 

 bound for London, and on his arrival there hast- 

 ens to make his grievance known to a large mas- 

 tiff, with which he had associated in the more 

 prosperous days of his master. What he said to 

 liim of course is not known, but may be guessed 

 from the fact that the two dogs betook them- 

 selves at once to a returning steams packetHtiade 

 the passage to Boulogne, and within an hour 

 after their arrival the cowardly French dog got 

 such a thrashing from the mastiff as he would 

 be likely to remember for "a month of Sundays." 

 .\rter this the mastiff returned to London, the 

 little fellow courteously attending him to the 

 quay, and taking leave of him with many tail- 

 wagging expressions of gratitude. 



Prf.par.\tion of Seed Wheat.— Wash the 

 wheat thoroughly, and skim off the dirt, light 

 yiains, oats, &c. that may rise to the siirljice : 

 then lime it; or as a finther protection against 

 smut.alier washing, soak ihe seed 10 or 12 hours 

 in salt water, as strong as it can be made. In 

 case of a storm so that the grain cannot be sow- 

 ed, it may remain in the salt water in a cool place 

 for several days or a week. We have heard of 

 no case of injury from soaking in salt wa;er. ex- 

 cepting a few instances of the Italian wheat, 

 which some fiirmers consider more liable to in- 

 jury in this way than other grain. We have 

 known grain kept more than a week in salt wa- 

 ter, andnever knew of the least injury in this 

 way. But the water should be as salt as it can 

 he made. After soaking in this manner, I 

 above named. 



lime as 



As a stream grows wider and deeper in its ap- 

 proach to the ocean, so our love to God should 

 continually widen and deepen, as we sail down 

 the stream of time, and approach the great ocean 

 of eternity. 



From Borrow's Bible in Spain. 

 Spunish Scenes. 

 A Madrid Mob.— We had scarcely been five 

 minutes at the window, when we suddenly heard 

 the clattering of liorses' feet hastening down the 

 street called the Calle de Carretas. The House 

 in which we had stationed ourselves was, as I 

 have already observed, just oiqiosite to the Post 

 Office, at the left of which this street debouches 

 from ihe north into the Pnerta del Sol ; as the 

 sounds became lomlerand louder, the cries of the 

 crowd below diminisheil, and a species of panic 

 seemed lo have fidlen upon all : once or twice, 

 however,! could distinguish the words,Qiiesada ! 

 Quesada ! The fool soldiers stood calm and nio- 

 liouless; hut I obseiTed that the cavalry, with 

 the young officer w ho commanded them, display- 

 ed bolh confiision and fear, exchanging with each 

 oiher some hurried words : all of a sudden, that 

 part of the crowd which stood near the mouth of 

 the Culle de Carretas fell back in great disorder, 



